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1.
利用中国西北五省（区）和内蒙古西部的共１０６个测站的１９６０～１９９０年３～５月的月、季总降水量和太平洋１０°Ｓ～５０°Ｎ,１２０°Ｅ～８０°Ｗ范围内２８６个格点（５°×５°）的秋季（９～１１月）的平均海表温度,通过ＥＯＦ、ＲＥＯＦ、ＳＶＤ及交叉谱分析等方法,对秋季太平洋海温的异常特性及其与我国西北干旱半干旱地区后期春季降水之间的空间地域遥相关耦合特征进行了分析研究。结果表明,秋季太平洋海温差异常存在６个关键区域,其中赤道东太平洋地区是最敏感的异常信号区;西北干旱半干旱地区春季降水与前期秋季赤道东太平洋海温异常之间有着清晰的遥相关。当海温异常偏高,即有ＥＬ－Ｎｉｎｏ现象时,西北地区的降水普遍偏少,并以高原东侧青、甘、宁交界地区及渭水流域的偏少为主;Ｌａ－Ｎｉｎａ时的情况正好相反,内蒙西部的春季降水变化趋势与我国西北地区基本一致。 相似文献
2.
10──20天准双周振荡的经向传播及地理特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用ＥＣＭＷＦ１９８３年７月１日至９月１２日逐日２００ｈＰａ纬向风场资料，用复经验正交方法讨论了１０－２０天低频振荡的经向传播及地理特征。结果表明：（１）１０－－２天振荡有三个显著区域：贝加尔湖附近地区；赤道９０°Ｅ附近以及新加坡、马来西亚地区；８０－１００°Ｅ，２２－３２°Ｎ之间。（２）源于较高纬度地区的振荡与源于赤道附近地区的振荡在１０５°Ｅ，１７—２３°Ｎ附近同位相相遇，在９０°Ｅ，２０°Ｎ附近反位相相叠加，振荡相互削弱，在２５°Ｎ附近同位相相遇。（３）从振荡位相来看，中南半岛东南部、马来西亚北部、菲律宾以西区域的振荡向北传播到中国东南沿海，向西传播到孟加拉湾印度半岛；２０°Ｎ以南低纬度地区的振荡很少能传播到８０°Ｅ以东３０°Ｎ附近地区；位于９０－９５°Ｅ，２５－２７°Ｎ之间的振荡以及贝加尔湖附近地区的振荡可以向南北两个方向传播。 相似文献
3.
本文利用1951－1986共36年资料对北半球500hPa1月和7月纬偏场的遥相关结构进行了分析结果表明：冬季纬偏场的遥相关结构与位势高度场的遥相关结构一致，都存在5种呈经向分布的遥相关型。但在夏季，位势高度场中的遥相关现象不明显，纬偏场中却存在4种呈纬向分布的遥相关型。对比纬偏场1月和7月的遥相关结构,发现两者存在明显差异。 相似文献
4.
中国西北夏季降水的EOF分析及其与500hPa高度场的关系 总被引：12，自引：8，他引：12
本利用我国１１０°Ｅ以西的１４０个台站７－９月月降水量及５００ｈＰａ１０°×５°网格点资料（１９６０－１９９０年），与７－９月月降水量分别进行ＥＯＦ分解，并与５００ｈＰａ高度场进行了对比。结果发现：７－９月月降水量第一特征向量在青藏高原东北侧有一高值中心，该中心与有关学计算的信噪比高值中心和准３年周期显的区域一致（均指降水量）；７－８月月降水量第一特征向量与５００ｈＰａ高度场在２０°－４０° 相似文献
5.
本文使用１９９５年和１９９６年６－８月欧洲中期天气预报中心和我国Ｔ６３Ｌ１６的５００ｈＰａ４８＾ｈ－１４４＾ｈ五个时效平均预报场，以及相应的Ｔ６３５０００ｈＰａ五天平均场资料，根据１００－１４０°Ｅ、２－５０°Ｎ范围内西北太平洋副热带高压的南北位置分为四类副高。对比分析ＥＣ和Ｔ６３两个模式的各类副高特征参数的预报误差特点，发现当ＥＣ预报的副高强度强于或接近Ｔ６３预报时，ＥＣ预报副高的数值产品精度优 相似文献
6.
我国北方地区土壤增湿效应的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用ＯＳＵ大气环流模式做了两个试验，一个为控制试验，另一个为假设中国北部（３０－４６°Ｎ，９０－１２０°Ｅ）土壤湿度为饱和的湿土壤试验。结果表明，土壤湿度升高有利于西太平洋副热带高压和低空急流的加强和北抬，使得１０５°Ｅ以东的江淮和华北东南部地区降水减滥，而１０５°Ｅ以西的非季风区和华北北部降水增加。 相似文献
7.
冬季戴维斯海峡的海冰面积年陈变化与东亚气候关系研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用北极1°×1°海冰面积指数、海平面气压、500hPa高度场和中国160站气温等资料,分析了戴维斯海峡海冰的年际变化与大气环流及东亚气候的关系,结果发现冬季戴维斯海峡是影响东亚以及北半球气候变化的关键区之一,该区海冰面积年际变化与500hPa高度场的WA型、EU型遥相关以及东亚冬季风强、弱之间存在密切的关系.冬季该区海冰偏多,则500hPa高度场在北大西洋戴维斯海峡西欧一带为WA型遥相关(美国东部高度场偏高,北美东北部到格陵兰一带高度场偏低),在欧亚大陆为出现EU型遥相关(贝加尔湖及其以东和西欧高度场偏高),西伯利亚高压减弱,致使东亚冬季风偏弱,我国东北、西北和华北地区偏暖;而冬季该区海冰偏少时,情况正好相反. 相似文献
8.
亚洲季风区大气热源和水汽汇的季节内变化Ⅱ. 水汽汇的季节内变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
研究了北半球初秋（９月）５００ｈＰａ孟加拉湾（１５°Ｎ，８５°Ｅ）与日本海（４０°Ｎ，１３０°Ｅ）的遥相关结构、年际变化及其与热带东风急流、厄尔尼诺事件、中国降水的关系．指出，当孟加拉湾５００ｈＰａ高度上升时，日本海高度下降。这时通常是低南方涛动指数或发生厄尔尼诺、并且在１００ｈＰａ上热带东风入口区为西风距平。这些特征造成中国东部初秋降水偏少。利用这些结果可以清楚地诊断近４０年中发生的厄尔尼诺事件。 相似文献
9.
利用１９５１～１９９６年的历史资料,逐月计算北半球５个主要遥相关型的波列指数及与大气中ＰＮＡ结构相类似的北太平洋海温场的ＰＴＩ指数,进而对１～２月份青岛市冬季的月平均气温进行相关普查。计算表明,两大洋东侧的遥相关结构和波型,对来年青岛市冬季１～２月份气温有比较好的指示意义：５月份太平洋东侧的ＰＮＡ型结构（ＰＴＩ指数）与来年１月青岛市平均气温呈同向相关,７月份大西洋东侧的ＥＡ型波列指数与来年２月青岛市平均气温呈反向相关。 相似文献
10.
冬季戴维斯海峡的海冰面积年际变化与东亚气候关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用北极 1°× 1°海冰面积指数、海平面气压、50 0 h Pa高度场和中国 1 60站气温等资料 ,分析了戴维斯海峡海冰的年际变化与大气环流及东亚气候的关系 ,结果发现 :冬季戴维斯海峡是影响东亚以及北半球气候变化的关键区之一 ,该区海冰面积年际变化与 50 0 h Pa高度场的 WA型、EU型遥相关以及东亚冬季风强、弱之间存在密切的关系。冬季该区海冰偏多 ,则 50 0 h Pa高度场在北大西洋戴维斯海峡西欧一带为 WA型遥相关 (美国东部高度场偏高 ,北美东北部到格陵兰一带高度场偏低 ) ,在欧亚大陆为出现 EU型遥相关 (贝加尔湖及其以东和西欧高度场偏高 ) ,西伯利亚高压减弱 ,致使东亚冬季风偏弱 ,我国东北、西北和华北地区偏暖 ;而冬季该区海冰偏少时 ,情况正好相反。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献