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1.
准噶尔盆地陆西地区(即陆梁隆起西部地区)构造背景复杂,石炭系火山岩广泛发育,长期以来对盆地原型认识不清,导致油气勘探程度低。对英西凹陷火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄、地球化学与构造环境等系统研究发现,英西凹陷英2井火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS谐和年龄为310.8±2.9Ma,主量元素具有高硅、高钾、低钛含量特征,Mg#含量中等,Al2O3含量较高(铝过饱和指数A/CNK均大于1),总体表明该套火山岩建造为形成于晚石炭世的中钾钙碱性—高钾钙碱性酸性岩火山岩系列,且具有准铝质特征。另外,稀土元素总量中等,有轻微铕负异常,轻稀土元素较富集,(La/Yb)N变化范围为3.75~7.22;重稀土元素分馏不明显,(Gd/Yb)N值介于1.43~1.73;原始地幔标准化蛛网图指示富集K、Rb、Ba、La等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,表明英西凹陷石炭系火山岩具有壳源和幔源混合成因特征,为大洋岛弧环境形成产物。结合西准噶尔造山带露头、盆内钻井综合研究表明,西准噶尔洋持续活动到晚石炭世,并发生北西—南东向的俯冲,西准噶尔地区晚石炭世是由北东向展布的有限的西准噶尔洋盆、增生杂岩带和链状岛弧带、弧间—弧后盆地等组成,英西凹陷位于弧后盆地区,为自生自储型、古生新储型油气藏的有利勘探区。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田石炭系玄武岩的地球化学特征及构造意义 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
克拉美丽气田位于准噶尔盆地腹部陆梁隆起南侧的滴南凸起上,石炭系火山岩为该气田的主要储层,石炭系的火山岩研究对该地区的储层分布预测与气田开发方案制定,以及盆地基底性质与盆地构造沉积演化研究都具有重要意义。本文对克拉美丽气田滴西17井的石炭系火山岩的岩石学、地球化学与构造环境进行了研究。滴西17井石炭系的玄武岩表现为:岩石的斑晶中出现橄榄石、单斜辉石;基质呈间粒结构;长石多为中基性斜长石。岩石具有较高的Na20含量,介于6.27%～7.35%之间,K2O/Na2O比值(0.01～0.03)却很低,较高的TiO2(3.00%～3.63%)和P2O5(0.83%～1.03%)含量,低程度的轻稀土富集((La/Yb)N=3.36～3.44),高的Nb含量(14.86×10-6～17.47×10-6),原始地幔标准化的La/Nb比值均小于2,Th/Nb比值小于1,不相容元素整体偏高。该玄武岩略显铕(δEu=0.90～0.93)的负异常,未见铈(δCe=0.99～1.01)异常;微量元素MORB标准化表现为大离子亲石元素LILE相对亏损,高场强元素相对富集,并具有Nb、Ta亏损的地球化学特征,构造判别图解显示该套玄武岩形成于板内环境。以上特征表明,该玄武岩为受到弧组分混染的后碰撞伸展环境下的产物,来自于岩石圈断陷作用下的上地幔熔体。准噶尔盆地陆梁隆起在晚石炭世处于后碰撞伸展环境;该区玄武岩带有岛弧火山岩印记,为准噶尔盆地的基底可能为岛弧拼接基底提供了证据,从而认为早石炭世准噶尔盆地可能存在多岛构造格局。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地及其周缘地区晚古生代火山机构分布与发育环境分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文收集了北疆地区已报道的145处晚古生代火山机构信息.其中,准噶尔盆地周缘32处,主要集中分布于博罗科努山、博格达山以及克拉美丽山,包括破火山口、火山穹窿、火山通道(火山颈)等多种火山机构类型;准噶尔盆地盆内火山机构85处,主要分布在西北缘克百断裂带和盆地腹部的四处凹陷(三南凹陷、东道海子凹陷、滴水泉凹陷和五彩湾凹陷)及七处凸起(白家海凸起、石西凸起、夏盐凸起、三个泉凸起、滴北凸起、滴南凸起和北三台凸起).盆内火山机构分布主要受海西期断裂系控制,大致沿着NE、近EW两个方向的断裂展布,并在断裂交汇部位最为发育.由于后期改造,晚古生代火山机构普遍遭受剥蚀,且发生强烈变形和风化、淋滤改造,野外识别主要依靠残留地貌特征、火山岩相变化趋势及引爆角砾岩等特征岩性;地震识别则主要依靠地震切片、属性分析及构造趋势面分析等手段.准噶尔盆地晚古生代火山岩年龄集中于340～320Ma,300～295 Ma,分别对应东、西准噶尔岛弧俯冲时期.自早石炭世至晚石炭世,准噶尔盆地及邻区火山活动具有自水下向水上、深水向浅水、陆缘向陆内转换的变化趋势. 相似文献
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新疆北部地区上古生界火山岩分布及其构造环境 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
新疆北部地区石炭系火山岩主要发育于石炭纪-早二叠世由洋盆向陆内盆地转换阶段,发育碰撞与碰撞后伸展期两类构造环境火山岩; 围绕造山带构成西准噶尔、东准噶尔、准南三大岩区; 石炭系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合,二叠系主要发育玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。下石炭统多表现为碰撞期活动陆缘构造环境海相中基性火山岩,上石炭统表现为被动陆缘海陆过渡相钙碱性系列中酸性火山岩; 下二叠统表现为陆相偏碱性中基性、中酸性火山岩。西准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套海陆交互相中基性火山岩组合,具汇聚岛弧过渡壳特点。东准噶尔石炭系火山岩为一套基性、中酸性岩石组合,具早期岛弧挤压、晚期板内伸展环境特征; 准南博格达山前表现为典型裂谷环境火山岩。二叠系火山岩均为碰撞期后板内伸展构造环境,主要分布于西准噶尔岩区; 表现为东准卡拉麦里残留洋最先闭合隆升,西准达尔布特残留洋随后闭合,最后是北天山洋关闭构造演化次序。新疆北部地区上古生界石炭系-下二叠统火山岩油气成藏多遵循“源控论”,主要围绕石炭系与下二叠统烃源岩发育区、有效生烃中心于构造高部位成藏,晚石炭世伸展裂陷应为有利勘探领域。 相似文献
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晚泥盆世晚期—早石炭世早期,是新疆准噶尔洋盆发育的最后阶段。西准噶尔的太勒古拉组以暗色泥质凝灰岩为主,夹红色放射虫硅质岩,覆于巨厚玄武岩层之上,是该时期洋盆宝贵的地层记录。早石炭世维宪期,东准噶尔卡拉麦里洋盆封闭,准噶尔中西部成为相对闭塞的残余洋盆。太勒古拉组之上的包古图组和希贝库拉斯组,记录了残余洋盆充填消亡的过程。包古图组以灰绿色凝灰质泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩的韵律层为主,属于中下扇的火山浊积岩系,时代为维宪期—巴什基尔早期。希贝库拉斯组以厚层—块状、细—粗粒凝灰质砂岩为主,上部有厚层含中酸性火山岩砾石的砾岩,是具有上扇沉积特征的火山浊积岩系,时代为晚石炭世巴什基尔晚期至莫斯科期或更晚。石炭纪洋盆充填过程中,堆积了很厚的暗色沉积岩系,提供了良好的生烃条件。东准噶尔石炭纪沉积岩相复杂,与西准噶尔有很大差别。盆地周缘的地层对比和岩相古地理研究,有助于解决盆地内部的石炭系地层问题。 相似文献
6.
以东准噶尔双井子地区巴塔玛依内山组和石钱滩组剖面为研究对象,通过岩矿鉴定、地球化学分析、锆石U-Pb定年和牙形刺挑选等方法,对巴塔玛依内山组和石钱滩组的年代学特征进行了研究。结果表明,巴塔玛依内山组火山岩的形成时间始于348. 7±2. 9Ma,318. 7±4. 2Ma之后结束,侵入岩的形成时间为255. 9±3. 5Ma,这些样品中普遍含有捕获锆石,这些锆石具有岩浆锆石的特征,年龄介于早石炭世杜内期和前寒武纪之间(354. 7～971. 2Ma),与盆地周边发育的岛弧火成岩和蛇绿岩年龄相仿,此外在石钱滩组灰岩内得到4颗牙形刺化石,分属于2个属,分别为Idiognathodus和Streptognathodus。以此为基础,通过搜集整理前人数据,得到如下结论:(1)巴塔玛依内山组火山岩地层是穿时的,从早石炭世到晚石炭世连续发育,形成时间介于348. 7±2. 9Ma～300. 4±1. 3Ma之间;(2)巴塔玛依内山组上部的石钱滩组形成于318. 7±4. 2Ma之后的晚石炭世;(3)卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的准噶尔洋盆闭合时间在晚泥盆世法门期和348. 7Ma之间;(4)准噶尔盆地基底可能由岛弧和洋壳组成,且存在前寒武纪基底。本研究旨在确定巴塔玛依内山组和石钱滩组地层时代,并为卡拉麦里洋闭合时限以及盆地基底性质等问题的解决提供依据。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地石炭系中发现自生自储的大型火山岩油气藏,这不仅大大拓宽了油气勘探领域,而且从含油气盆地原型恢复角度为我们提出了一个新的命题。本文对准噶尔盆地东部的石炭纪盆地进行了剖析,在井间地层对比和锆石U-Pb同位素年代学测定基础上,确定了准噶尔盆地石炭系划分方案,建立了准东地区及邻区石炭系的5条联井对比骨干地质剖面,进而把准东地区石炭系盆地的充填过程划分为两个旋回、7个阶段,其中第一旋回为早石炭世,进一步分为4个阶段,第1至第3阶段以各种火山岩发育为特征,第4阶段为火山活动的间歇期,发育了暗色泥质岩。第二旋回为晚石炭世,进一步分为3个阶段,第5和第6两个阶段以发育中基性火山岩为特征,第7阶段以沉火山凝灰岩和与泥质岩、砂岩互层发育为特征。文中归纳了准东地区石炭纪盆地及其中火山岩油气藏烃源岩和储层的发育特点,建立了其盆地原型,指出准东地区石炭系在沉积时的构造古地理以多岛洋为特征,受准噶尔洋的持续向北东方向俯冲的影响,准东地区盆地基底向南西方向倾斜,造成了沉积中心的向南西迁移。考虑到盆地位于增生型造山带内,将其原型盆地称为增生楔盆地。文中特别指出,任何构造位置上形成的盆地都有形成大油气田的潜力,能否形成大油气田的关键在于有没有优质烃源岩、优质储层和有效圈闭。准东增生楔盆地中烃源岩与火山岩储层的空间关系十分密切,二者往往形成互层状或穿插状,这一特征决定了盆地中油气产出具有近源性,而圈闭的形成则因火山岩储层的成层性差而呈形态和类型的多样性。 相似文献
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准噶尔南缘古生代晚期盆山关系:阿尔巴萨依组火山岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年及岩石地球化学限定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
准噶尔盆地南缘沿巴音沟蛇绿岩带北侧发育一套晚古生代(原下二叠统)阿尔巴萨依组中基性、酸性火山岩夹火山碎屑岩.采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年方法,对其中流纹岩进行定年,得到年龄为307.2±1.3Ma(MSWD=1.2),表明原定为早二叠世的阿尔巴萨依组火山岩的确切喷发时间为晚石炭世.地球化学分析表明,阿尔巴萨依组火山岩为钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土(LREE),轻重稀土有一定程度的分馏,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,流纹岩有Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti的异常.阿尔巴萨依组火山岩的εNd (t)值在+4.21～+7.79之间,显示源区富集特征.晚石炭世阿尔巴萨依组火山岩、火山碎屑岩与后碰撞A型花岗岩在岩石学、地球化学特征方面相似,表明两者应有相似的构造背景,都为后碰撞伸展环境.阿尔巴萨依组还发育一套火山沉积地层,表明准噶尔南缘沉积作用在晚石炭世已经开始,开始沉积盆地的类型应为伸展断陷盆地. 相似文献
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笔者通过岩性组合与岩相组合对比研究、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年与化石年代学研究等手段,认为东准噶尔奥依托浪格地区原三塘湖组陆相火山岩应重新厘定为巴塔玛依内山组,并建议将这套准噶尔盆地东北缘广泛分布的陆相火山岩根据地质时代解体为巴塔玛依内山组与三塘湖组,三塘湖组仅代表早二叠纪陆相火山岩。年代学研究表明:奥依托浪格地区巴塔玛依内山组年龄具有穿时性,下段年龄为(335.6±6.5)Ma,上段年龄为(320.5±7.1)Ma,属早石炭世晚期到晚石炭世,解决了巴塔玛依内山组长久以来的下、上石炭统之争。综合研究认为:这套陆相火山岩属于东准噶尔构造带自西向东链式缝合背景下的构造-岩浆活动,残余洋盆消失至陆相火山活动开启,同时受到西侧拉张环境与东侧岛弧环境的影响。奥依托浪格地区巴塔玛依内山组火山机构、构造、喷发间歇期发育,具有石油地质意义。 相似文献
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通过大量地质、地球物理和地球化学资料论证，笔者认为准噶尔盆地西北前陆坳陷与西准噶尔造山带之间在成因上具有耦合关系，即准噶尔盆地西北前陆拗陷的形成、演化与西准噶尔造山带的上隆、推覆之间存在内在成因联系。准噶尔西北地区的基底为早中古生代洋壳物质，准噶尔盆地西北地区的中泥盆世为残余洋盆，晚泥盆世一晚石炭世为弧前残余洋盆，二叠纪为前陆盆地。根据准噶尔盆地西北地区的前陆坳陷与西准噶尔造山带在盆—山转换过程中地质流体的地球化学特征，认为现克拉玛依油区油气的形成演化与盆—山转换过程中各种地质作用，特别是地质流体的作用具有成因相关性。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献