共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 55 毫秒
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利用常规观测和地面自动站资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2E卫星云图,以及武汉和荆州多普勒雷达资料,针对2011年6月17-18日湖北中东部地区一次大暴雨过程进行了天气动力学诊断和中尺度分析,结果表明:(1)暴雨是在有利的大尺度背景条件下,在特定的地域触发产生的,干冷、暖湿空气在江汉平原和鄂东剧烈交汇触发了这次大暴雨过程.(2)中尺度对流云团有3种类型:即单一云团型、合并型和急剧发展型.中尺度对流云团的大小与其生命史相关,尺度越大,生命史越长,在多个α中尺度对流云团之间的新生云团发展最为迅速,降水强度也最大.(3)呈气旋性转动的中尺度回波团和由低层较强的偏北风急流与偏南风急流辐合作用产生的中尺度复合体是此次暴雨过程雷达回波的主要表现形式;(4)地形对暴雨的强度以及落区等起到重要的作用,长江中游地区由于特定地形形成了三支明显的气流,由这三支气流组成的中尺度辐合系统促进了中尺度对流云团的形成和发展,云团F的加强和发展与地形作用密切相关. 相似文献
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一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的 β 中尺度对流系统发展机理的数值研究 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：12
20 0 2年 6月 18～ 19日在湖北省发生的一次中尺度降水过程主要是由一个中尺度对流云团的活动造成的 ,且该中尺度对流云团在不断东移的过程中分裂成两个 β中尺度对流云团。文中使用中尺度非静力模式MM5对该次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟 ,研究它的发生发展机制。模式很好地模拟了造成该次强暴雨的中尺度对流系统的整个发展过程 ,模拟的降水分布与实况比较接近。分析模拟结果发现 ,中尺度对流系统在不断东移的过程中 ,受高层的辐散性流场的抽吸作用和低层的对流不稳定而发展加强 ;受地形的作用而分裂成两个对流单体 ;最后由于中高层水汽凝结降落后造成的水汽不足 ,高层的辐散气流明显减弱变得无组织和下沉气流的影响对流系统开始衰亡。通过以上的分析给出了引起该次梅雨锋暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统的发展演变模型。 相似文献
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广西前汛期冷锋云系中尺度对流云团卫星云图特征分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过对1994—2002年间9次由冷锋云系中尺度对流云团分析，发现广西前汛期冷锋云系中尺度对流云团的源地主要是黔西南和黔中}移动方向是东或东南；当环境云场强度指数≥28有利对流云团的发展，≤26时不利对流云团的发展；初步研究了中尺度对流云团生命史不同阶段的卫星云图形态特征，给出了中尺度对流云团降水的时空分布特征。 相似文献
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1997年8月1～2日,受副高后部中尺度对流云团的影响,辽宁出现1次暴雨天气过程。本文分析了这场暴雨的中尺度雨团和中尺度对流云团的活动特征,揭示了中尺度对流云团的发展和衰弱的大尺度环流背景和环境物理条件。 相似文献
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1997年8月1～2日,受副高后部中尺度对流云团的影响,辽宁出现1次暴雨天气过程。本文分析了这场暴雨的中尺度雨团和中尺度对流云团的活动特征,揭示了中尺度对流云团的发展和衰弱的大尺度环流背景和环境物理条件。1中尺度云团特征这次暴雨由A、B、C3个中尺度雨团（3h大于等于25mm）组成。A雨团生成在8月1日11～14时的葫芦岛和锦州地区,最大3h雨量为30mm,出现短时暴雨。然后就地逐渐减弱,14～17时和17～20时的3h最大雨量分别为20和22mm。B雨团在1日20～23时出现在辽西沿海,然后向东北方向移动,2日05～08时移至辽宁东北部地区,最大中… 相似文献
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1995年6月25日黔东南州出现了7站暴雨,其中镇远为大暴雨。为此,本文作了6个方面的中尺度分析。1 卫星云图分析 从卫星云图可以看出,造成这次暴雨—大暴雨过程的中尺度对流云团是由两个云团合并后发展而成。两个对流单体合并后,云团迅速发展,约经2～3个小时中～β尺度对 相似文献
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用滤波方法进行MαCS云团形态差异的个例分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用GMS－5卫星资料, 研究了2002年6月27～28日一次强降雨过程中尺度暴雨云团的演变特征。分析表明, 整个降雨过程分两个阶段, 第一阶段, 一个近圆形中尺度对流云团从西北向东南移动, 主要造成河南省强降雨; 第二阶段, 南移的中尺度对流云团到达长江流域, 重新发展并形成东西向宽带状α中尺度对流系统 (Meso-α-scale Convective System, 简称MαCS) 云团, 造成长江中下游暴雨。为研究这次暴雨过程中尺度对流云团的组织方式演变和结构特征, 使用滤波方法对NCAR/NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料进行尺度分离, 获得中尺度扰动场, 结果表明: (1) 利用改进的Shuman-Shapiro滤波方法, 可以有效地分离出中尺度扰动。对于近圆形的MCS, 低层高度场低中心和流场辐合中心重合, 位于云顶亮温 (Black Body Temperature, 简称TBB) ≤-52℃冷云盖的西侧边缘, 这里也是新生对流活跃的地方, 而高层高度场高中心和流场辐散中心分离, 但都位于冷云盖区域。对于宽带状MαCS, 低层高度场低中心和流场辐合中心也基本重合, 位于TBB≤-52℃冷云盖的北侧边缘, 高层高度场高中心与低层低中心相对应, 但流场在冷云盖中没有表现出单一中心, 却表现为一致辐散气流。 (2) 滤波结果显示, 不论是前期的近圆形中尺度对流云团, 还是随后发展起来的宽带状MαCS, 二者都具有低空辐合高空辐散扰动结构, 只是扰动的强度后者大于前者。 (3) 这次过程的中尺度对流云团表现出的形态演变, 由近圆形变成宽带状, 是因为其组织差异造成的。两者的组织方式完全不同, 前者主要是低层中尺度气旋, 而后者主要是低层的中尺度切变线。 相似文献
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“0702”山西大暴雨过程的多尺度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用T639L19 1°×1°分析场、FY 2红外云图及红外辐射亮温TBB、多普勒雷达和气柱水汽总量等资料,对2011年7月2 3日发生在山西境内的区域性暴雨进行了多尺度特征分析。结果表明:(1)副热带高压北上,西南暖湿气流加强,东北冷涡后部冷空气南下,山西北中部锋生是这次区域性暴雨发生的大尺度环流特征。(2)山西中部暴雨由2个β中尺度对流云团生成,且在边界层2条中尺度切变线附近触发对流发展,形成2个暴雨中心;山西南部暴雨则由8个中尺度对流云团生成、发展合并,在边界层α中尺度人字形切变线附近触发对流发展,α中尺度人字形切变线云系上4个γ中尺度气旋是导致局地大暴雨和特大暴雨形成的直接原因;≤-53℃的黑体亮温区超前多普勒雷达人字形切变线云系反射率因子≥35 dBz的区域。(3)降水中前期,对流云团合并,导致地闪频次峰值和降水量峰值出现,且地闪频次峰值出现时间较降水量峰值出现时间提前12~18 min。(4)中部暴雨发生在气柱水汽总量水平梯度大值区与边界层切变线相重叠的区域,南部暴雨则发生在气柱水汽总量水平梯度大值区的南部0.5~1.0个经/纬距的高湿区与边界层人字形切变线相重叠的区域;气柱水汽总量水平梯度大值区形成时间和边界层切变线形成时间均比暴雨发生提起12 h以上。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献