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1.
广西春季降水变异成因分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对广西1959－2000年春季2－3月，4月典型降水场的500hPa高度差异场，及突变前后10a尺度500hPa大气环流与海温场进行分析，得到：2－3月与4月降水典型年份高度场存在明显的差异，且中心位置，强度基本一致；10年尺度500hPa高度异常变化是造成广西2－3月份降水发生突变的主要原因。10年尺度500hPa高度场在北太平洋上异常变化对4月降水突变影响明显；北太平洋和NINO海区海温突变前后发生了相反的变化，这种异常变化对春季降水突变影响明显。 相似文献
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分别对5月和6～8月东亚东北冷涡活动典型的多寡年份北半球500 hPa高度距平场进行合成、频次累积和相关分析,结果表明:东亚东北冷涡持续性活动不仅与前期、同期和后期北半球的大气环流异常密切相关,而且也是异常区的重要组成部分;500hPa 5月和6～8月东北冷涡活动多寡年的同期500hPa高度距平合成场差异显著;6～8月东北冷涡典型多寡年的同期距平场均与前冬(12～2月)的主要异常区反位相,存在半年尺度的遥相关,与北太平洋涛动(NPO)类同的500 hPa高度距平场,如前冬呈正位相,预报6～8月东北冷涡持续活动弱,反之,冷涡持续活动强;合成场和相关场通过信度检验的关键区主要位于东亚中高纬度至阿留申群岛及其以南的副热带地区、青藏高原接近巴基斯坦一侧和北非乍得盆地与撒哈拉大沙漠等地区;由此可以认为东亚地区中高纬度5月和6～8月东北冷涡持续性活动是北半球大气环流异常持续或调整的重要表征. 相似文献
4.
春季川渝地区气温与500 hPa高度场的奇异值分解 总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5
应用奇异值分解(SVD)技术研究了北半球500hPa高度场与春季川渝地区气温场的关系。结果表明前期10月和同期春季500hPa高度场与川渝地区气温场具有密切的同步及非同步时空相关,其第一模态代表了两场间的主要耦合特征;当前期10月(150°～180°E,60°～70°N)范围500hPa高度场降低(升高),同期春季青藏高原、川渝地区到我国东部500hPa高度场升高(降低),相应川渝地区春季气温升高(降低);大气环流的异常演变,通过影响区域天气气候,是造成川渝地区春季冷暖异常及气候变冷的重要原因之一;而前期10月500hPa高度场变化可作为川渝地区春季气温变化的一种预测信号。 相似文献
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辽宁春季透雨的环流背景及与海温相关分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961—2008年4—5月辽宁14个站逐日降水资料,分析了春季第一场透雨出现日期与500 hPa的环流背景及海温的相关关系。结果表明：中国辽宁春季透雨出现日期与前一年9—11月500 hPa高度场有较好的相关性,与北半球同年4月500 hPa环流年代际变化有较好的对应关系;透雨出现日期与北太平洋前期海温呈显著的负相关,当北太平洋地区前期海温偏高时,中国辽宁春季透雨出现日期偏早;当北太平洋地区前期海温偏低时,中国辽宁春季透雨出现日期偏迟。 相似文献
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中国西北地区雨季降水与500 hPa高度场的SVD分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用西北地区131个测站(1961~2000年)的逐旬降水量和国家气候中心整编的(1960~2000年)逐月北半球500 hPa 5×10高度场网格资料,分析了西北地区平均雨季起讫时段,并用SVD方法分析雨季降水与500 hPa高度场的关系。结果表明,西北地区多雨期在5~9月,但雨季起讫时间的分布较为复杂,7月上旬至9月上旬可代表主要降水区的雨季。西北地区雨季降水除与同期500hPa环流有关外,还与前期3~5月、12~2月的500 hPa环流有关,但不同时期的影响关键区有很大的不同。 相似文献
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通过分析下半年Nino3区(150o~90oW，5oS~5oN)海表温度(SST)升高引起的次年春季500 hPa高度、850 hPa及200 hPa经向风的异常特征，发现下半年Nino3区显著升温，可导致次年春季热带和西北太平洋副热带地区的500 hPa高度场升高，即西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西、偏北，东亚大槽偏弱、偏东；巴尔喀什湖至贝加尔湖的高度场降低，即该地区经常有低槽维持；亚洲至西太平洋地区盛行纬向环流。我国东部沿海地区及邻近海域的偏南风加强，而我国东北和华北地区的偏北风偏弱。这种高度场与风场的异常恰与山东4月降水偏多年所对应的异常特征相吻合，即下半年Nino3区显著升温通过影响次年春季大气环流异常，进而影响山东春季降水。资料统计表明，下半年Nino3区显著升温，次年山东及我国中纬度东部地区春季尤其4月的降水往往偏多。 相似文献
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北半球月平均环流与长江中下游降水的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用1951—1984年500hPa月平均高空和月总降水资料,着重分析了500hPa距平场对长江中下游夏季降水的影响及其相关关系。针对长江中下游夏季降水这一预报对象,计算了500hPa距平场的信息区,指出在大尺度距平场的演变过程中,不同时间和不同地点距平场的量值对长江中下游这一特定顶报区域降水的影响是不同的。並且指出长江中下游地区冬季降水主要是受欧业型环流的影响,而夏季降水则主要是由于东亚—西太平洋型环流所形成。另外通过对实际距乎场和信息近似距平场的分析表明,信息区的变化在一定程度上反映了实际距平场的大尺度变化特点。 相似文献
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厄尔尼诺发生前的北半球大气环流及我国天气气候异常分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文对1951～1992年期间发生的厄尔尼诺、反厄尔尼诺的前期冬季、秋季的100 hPa、500 hPa北半球环流及我国的气温、降水场进行了合成分析。结果表明，前冬季500 hPa环流差异明显，主要特征是厄尔尼诺发生前中、西太平洋地区高度负异常；阿留申、堪察加500 hPa高度正异常，呈强的正WP遥相关型。同时，前冬期我国降水偏少、气温偏低，盛行强东亚冬季风。指出了具有这些特征的高相关区。所得的结果为早期预测厄尔尼诺事件提供了有价值的信息。 相似文献
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Characteristics of intensity change in tropical cyclones affecting the South China Sea from 1977 to 2007 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The best track data of tropical cyclones (TCs) provided by Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo for the South China Sea (SCS) from 1977 to 2007 are employed to study the spatiotemporal variations (for a period of 12 hours) and the rapid (slow) intensification (RI/SI) of TCs with different intensity. The main results are as follows. (1) Over this period, the tropical storms (TSs) and severe tropical storms (STSs) mostly intensify or are steady while the typhoons (TYs) mostly weaken. The stronger a TC is initially, the more observation of its intensification and the less its variability will be; the more observation of its weakening is, the larger its variability will be. (2) The TC intensifies the fastest at 0000 UTC while weakening the fastest at 1200 UTC. (3) In the intensifying state, TSs, STSs, and TYs are mainly active in the northeastern, central-eastern, and central SCS respectively. The weakening cases mainly distribute over waters east off Hainan Island and Vietnam and west off the Philippines. Some cases of TSs and STSs weaken over the central SCS. (4) The RI cases form farther south in contrast to the SI cases. The RI cases are observed in regions where there are weaker vertical shear and easterly components at 200 hPa. The RI cases also have stronger mid-and lower-level warm-core structure and smaller radii of 15.4 m/s winds. The SI cases have slightly higher SST. 相似文献
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摘要： 基于WRF模式对2005年台风“海棠”登陆降水过程的成功模拟, 本文初步尝试利用修改后的非地转干Q矢量(QN矢量)PG分解, 定量揭示台风结构对台风降水和台风雨强差异形成的影响。结果表明： （1）在台风登陆过程的不同阶段, 对台风降水起主要贡献的台风结构因子是不同的。在台风登陆过程前12 h期间, 对降水贡献最为显著的为QNshdv, 其次是QNalst和QNcrst, 而QNcurv的贡献最小; 在后12 h期间, 对降水贡献最为显著的为QNcrst, 其次是QNcurv, QNshdv的贡献列第三, 而QNalst的贡献最小。（2）各台风结构因子QNalst、 QNcurv、 QNshdv及QNcrst对台风降水发生的贡献都存在明显的时、 空变化。（3）在台风登陆降水过程中, 对每个时刻暴雨雨强形成有贡献的台风结构因子是不同的。相对来讲, QNcurv对暴雨、 大暴雨及特大暴雨之间雨强差异形成的贡献最为显著, QNalst与QNcrst的贡献情况较为接近, 而QNshdv的贡献则相对最小。通过QN矢量PG分解, 可以定量揭示出登陆台风结构对台风降水的影响, 这也是总的QN矢量（即QN矢量）难以揭示的潜在物理机制。 相似文献
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Jiang Shangcheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1993,7(3):367-380
The outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)observed by NOAA satellite series has widely applied in various researchfields since the 1980s in China.In this paper,advances of the applied research of OLR are described in the following re-spects:(1)Studies of the global ITCZ;(2)Climatology of the subtropical high over northern Pacific;(3)Studies of the tropical cyclone over West Pacific;(4)Characteristics of the intraseasonal variation(ISV)of tropical convective activities;(5)Divergence wind and large scale circulation over the tropics;(6)Studies of the air-sea interaction;(7)Estimation of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze River(Changjiang River)basin during therainy season;(8)Analyses of regional climates of China;(9)Studies of prediction of the severe and disastrous weather and climate;(10)Atlas of OLR.The distinctive features of these advances are reviewed and the focal points of the OLR applied research in futureare also suggested. 相似文献
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This study uses rain gauge observations to assess the performance of different radar estimators R(ZH), R(KDP)and R(A) in estimating precipitation based on the observations of an S-band polarimetric radar over southern China during a typical convective storm and an extremely severe typhoon, i. e., Typhoon Manghkut. These radar estimators were derived from observations of a local autonomous particle size and velocity(Parsivel) unit(APU) disdrometer. A key parameter, alpha(α), which is the ratio of specific attenuation A to specific differential phase K_(DP) with three fixed values(α=0.015 dB deg~(-1), α=0.0185 dB deg~(-1) and α=0.03 dB deg~(-1)) was examined to test the sensitivity of the R(A) rain retrievals. The results show that:(1) All radar estimators can capture the spatio-temporal patterns of two precipitation events, R(A) with α =0.0185 dB deg~(-1) is well correlated with gauge measurement via higher Pearson's correlation coefficient(CC) of 0.87, lower relative bias(RB) of 16%, and lower root mean square error(RMSE) of 17.09 mm in the convective storm while it underestimates the typhoon event with RB of 35%;(2) R(A) with α=0.03 dB deg~(-1) shows the best statistical scores with the highest CC(0.92), lowest RB(7%) and RMSE(25.74 mm) corresponding to Typhoon Manghkut;(3) R(A) estimates are more efficient in mitigating the impact of partial beam blockage. The results indicate that α is remarkably influenced by the variation of drop size distribution. Thus, more work is needed to establish an automated and optimized α for the R(A) relation during different rainfall events over different regions. 相似文献
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夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动与中国近海热带气旋活动的关系 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用联合台风警报中心的台风最伟路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动(Asian-Pacif-ic Oscillation,简称APO)与东亚近海-西北太平洋大气环流的关系,并进一步探讨了APO与中国近海热带气旋(tropical cy-clone,简称TC)活动的关系.研究表明:(1)夏季APO强弱与同期西北太平洋及中国东部近海TC活动存在密切关系,即在APO强(弱)年,西北太平洋TC活动偏西(东)和偏北(南),中国东部近海TC明显增多(减少);(2)当APO偏强(弱)时,中国东部近海大气环流有(不)利于TC的维持和发展,表现为低层存在异常气旋性(反气旋性)环流,对流层高低层纬向风垂直切变减小(增大),且对流加强(减弱);(3)APO强弱也影响着TC引导气流的方向:在APO强(弱)年,西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)偏北和偏东(偏南和偏西),副高南侧偏东气流减弱(加强),有利于TC的向西北行或在偏北(南)纬度西行,进入中国东部近海的TC增多(减少);(4)APO强弱也影响着南海-热带西太平洋TC源地上空的大气环流,在APO强(弱)年,南海-热带西太平洋季风槽偏北、偏西(偏南、偏东),热带西太平洋TC活动偏北和偏西(偏南和偏东),有利于进入中国东部近海TC的增多(减少). 相似文献
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The impact of strong (weak) intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over South China Sea (SCS) and South Asia (SA) in summer on the SCS and SA summer monsoon and the summer rainfall in Eastern China are studied by using the NCEP-NCAR analysis data and the rainfall data of 160 stations in China from 1961 to 2010. It is found that the impacts are significantly different in different months of summer. The study shows that in June and July cyclonic (anticyclonic) atmospheric circulation over SCS and SA corresponds to strong (weak) ISO over SCS. In August, however, strong (weak) ISO over SCS still corresponds to cyclonic (anticyclonic) atmospheric circulation over SA. In June and August cyclonic (anticyclonic) atmospheric circulation over South Asia corresponds to strong (weak) ISO over SA while a strong (weak) ISO corresponds to anticyclonic (cyclonic) atmospheric circulation over SA in July. Besides, in June the strong (weak) ISO over SA corresponds to cyclonic (anticyclonic) atmospheric circulation over SCS, while in July and August the atmospheric circulation is in the same phase regardless of whether the ISO over SA is strong or weak. The impacts of the strong（weak）ISO over SCS on the rainfall of eastern China are similar in June and July, which favors less (more) rainfall in Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basin but sufficient (deficient) rainfall in the south of Yangtze River. However, the impacts are not so apparent in August. In South Asia, the strong (weak) ISO in July results in less (more) rainfall in the south of Yangtze River but sufficient (deficient) rainfall in Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basin. The influence on the rainfall in eastern China in June and August is not as significant as in July. 相似文献
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基于1980—2020年秋季江西省83个气象观测站逐月降水数据,利用EOF方法分析了该地区秋季降水的时空分布特征。结果表明,江西省秋季降水场主要有4种类型,分别为全区型、北湿(干)南干(湿)型、西湿(干)东干(湿)型、中心湿(干)南北干(湿)型,累计贡献率为86.7%。1980—2020年,全区型和中心湿(干)南北干(湿)型降水呈增加趋势,而北湿(干)南干(湿)型和西湿(干)东干(湿)型降水呈下降趋势。其中全区型降水分布的年份占比75.6%,主要受大尺度大气环流的影响。北湿（干）南干（湿）型降水分布的年份占比17.1%,这是由于赣北地区受地形抬升作用,降水较多,而中南部在背风坡,降水较少,同时秋季赣北处于副热带高压边缘,且受到台风外围的影响,易发生降水,使得南北降水呈反相位变化。 相似文献
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SUN Jian-Qi 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(3):231-234
This paper reveals that the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) is closely related to the extreme hot event (EHE) variability in China during the period of 1979 2009, with a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO corresponding to less (more) EHEs in northern China. The summer circulation anomalies associated with the SNAO give further confirmation of the above relationship. In a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO year, there is an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over central East Asia, which can increase (decrease) the total cloud cover over this region. Such changes of the total cloud cover can then decrease (increase) the solar radiation reaching the surface, which is consequently unfavorable (favorable) to the formation of EHEs over northern China. 相似文献
19.
POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOUTH CHINA SEA SSTA, SOIL MOISTURE ANOMALIES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA AND SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN EASTERN CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
By using 1958-2001 NOAA extended reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST) data, ERA40 reanalysis soil moisture data and precipitation data of 444 stations in China(east of 100°E), the possible relationships among South China Sea(SCS) SST anomaly(SSTA), soil moisture anomalies(SMA) and summer precipitation in eastern China as well as their possible physical processes are investigated. Results show that the SSTA of SCS bears an evidently negative correlation with spring soil moisture in the east part of Southwest China. More(less) precipitation happens in the Yangtze River basin and less(more) in the Southeast China in summer when the SSTA of SCS is higher(lower) than normal and the soil in the east part of Southwest China is dry(wet) in spring. Further analysis shows that when the SSTA of SCS is high(low), the southwesterly wind at low level is weak(strong), decreasing(increasing) the water vapor transport in South China, resulting in reduced(increased) spring precipitation in the east part of Southwest China and more(less) soil moisture in spring. Through the evaporation feedback mechanism, the dry(wet) soil makes the surface temperature higher(lower) in summer, causing the westward extension(eastward retreat) of the West Pacific Subtropical High, eventually leading to the summer precipitation anomalies. 相似文献
20.
刘春霞 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2004,10(1):79-86
1 INTRODUCTION It is doubtless that TCs making landfalls on Guangdong are one of the important aspects of the research on and prediction of short-term climate changes for the province. With regard to the climate patterns of TCs motion and factors governin… 相似文献