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1.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(1-2):68-92
This paper addresses development and problems of the legislative framework for coastal and coral reef resources management in Indonesia. It describes the background to the legal framework of Indonesian coastal and coral reef legislation and proposes an appropriate legal framework for addressing Indonesian coastal and coral reef management. This paper outlines several major challenges faced by the Indonesian legislators. It reviews some of the justifications of creating an appropriate legal framework for coastal management.It argues that an adequate and appropriate legal framework will promote sustainable development and management of coastal and coral reef resources. It argues that, the complicated and inappropriate legal framework currently place in Indonesia has contributed to serious degradation of coastal and marine resources. It also argues that this degradation has been exacerbated by the lack of a national marine policy, severe weaknesses in law enforcement of natural resource including those of the fisheries laws and regulations in Indonesia. This paper suggests that there is a general malaise or lack of commitment to sustainable management and development of natural resources. This paper also focuses on the political aspects and their impacts on legislation for coastal and coral reef management at the national and selected regional levels. 相似文献
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Most fisheries management studies have concentrated on understanding resource dynamics and have paid less attention to understanding the dynamics of those who use the resources. This situation limits the knowledge about the fisheries system as a whole and specifically about the viability of management schemes. It is vital to understand how the actors within the fishing sector (fishing firm owners/managers, fishers, fisheries managers, and traders) may respond to changes in fishing resources trends, market dynamics, and fisheries policies before they are implemented. These issues are explored in this paper by applying a longitudinal analysis of the Yucatan Mexico's fishing industry. The analysis is presented within the framework of the theory of change and coping strategies. The study primarily involved interviews during 2008 with the main owners of companies in the fishing industry and with fisheries managers and other stakeholders. Time-series catch data on the main fishing resources are also reviewed to evaluate changes across three historical periods and describe how the actors have perceived and responded to those changes. Given conditions of uncertainty in resource availability, changes in market demand and changes in institutional arrangements, the viability of traditional business and resource management practices are discussed. The analysis presents different kind of triggers that have modified the conditions of the fishing sector and had had impacts on the socio-economic–ecological system in which fisheries are embedded. The need for adaptive strategies in the whole chain of the fisheries business and resource management is stressed, given the current changes and conditions of fisheries. The discussion states a series of actions that could improve the relationships between business practices and fisheries management. 相似文献
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大菱鲆养殖是我国海洋鱼类养殖的重要组成部分。为促进我国大菱鲆养殖产业的可持续发展,提高地区产业竞争力,文章采用资源禀赋系数和显示性比较优势指数2种评价方法,通过实地调查和资料查阅获取统计数据,对2016年我国大菱鲆养殖主要产区的产业竞争力进行实证分析,主要包括环渤海地区的多个城市和江苏省赣榆区。研究结果表明:沧州市、唐山市、青岛市、天津市和威海市等地的大菱鲆养殖具有较好的资源禀赋;以鲆鲽类养殖产量、海水养殖产量和水产品总产量为参照标准,葫芦岛市大菱鲆养殖具有很强或较强竞争力,烟台市、日照市、赣榆区和秦皇岛市具有较强或中度竞争力,竞争优势与产量不相关。结合各地区资源和产业竞争优势情况,提出提升大菱鲆育种产业化水平、转变大菱鲆养殖产业发展方式和优化大菱鲆养殖产业布局的建议。 相似文献
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实施软资源整合以提升浙江港口的竞争力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浙江港口群作为上海国际航运中心的重要组成部分,如何根据自身现有条件,加快港口软资源整合,充分发挥港口整体优势以提升港口的竞争力,已成为新时期港口建设的一个重要内容。通过对浙江港口资源现状的分析,从管理体制与经营机制两方面对提升浙江港口竞争力的实施途径进行了论述,提出了浙江港口资源整合和经营机制整合的具体内容以及提升浙江港口竟争力的具体措施。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Current methods in the shipping industry to evaluate performance do not account for differences in fleet profiles of registries such as age, size or ship type and not for bad luck. This can lead to unfair evaluation of enforcement efforts of the international standards. Furthermore, incentives to improve performance are concentrated on decreasing detentions rather than incidents. This article proposes a new method to a longstanding problem to evaluate performance that rectifies shortcomings of the method currently used. The proposed method measures the enforcement effort by means of proxy variables and introduces incentives for improvement that go beyond the currently used 'detention'. The aim is to provide a fair and transparent way. The proposed method is applied and results are compared with methods currently used to demonstrate how the rankings change. The method can be adapted to other areas of the shipping industry such as classification societies or ship management companies. 相似文献
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阐述了海洋资源资产定价的研究方法及工作流程,构建了海洋资源资产分类定级评估指标并进行了实证研究,针对分类定级结果采用收益定价模型对2014年海域资源资产进行定价评估。结果表明海域资源资产定价受到资源资产级别、纯收益和还原利率等多因素影响,海域资源资产在类型上表现出较大差异,并且资源资产价格随级别降低表现出明显的下降趋势。因此海域资源资产在类型和级别等方面的差别性定价亟须通过精细化调控来实现海域资源资产化管理,以进一步丰富海域综合管理手段,保障海洋经济可持续发展。 相似文献
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我国热带生物海岸的现状及生态系统的修复与重建 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
评述了以红树林和珊瑚礁为代表的我国热带生物海岸的分布及其面积、生物群落的破坏、海岸保护与管理、科学研究等各个方面的现状，以及生态系统修复与重建技术研究进展，指出热带生物海岸及其上的红树林、珊瑚礁热带海岸生态系统具有特殊的资源价值和生态效益，对热带海岸社会经济可持续发展的十分重要；另一方面对日益频繁的人类开发活动和自然环境变异十分敏感和脆弱，而且其直接经济价值相对较低而通常易于被忽视，随着我国自然环境变异十分敏感和脆弱，而且其直接经济价值相对较低而通常易于被忽视，随着我国社会经济近20年来的快速发展，导致热带海岸地区人口、资源、环境压力加剧，热带生物海岸红树林和珊瑚礁资源已经受到生态破坏性开发活动的极大破坏而急需保护。尽管政府采取了保护管理的各种措施，包括相关法律、自然保护区、科学研究、生态系统修复与重建的实验、研究和推广，但是总体上衰退的趋势尚未扭转，热带生物海岸在我国河口海岸生态环境变异和资源可持续利用研究中具有特别重要要的意义，应该加强我国热带生物海岸的调查、监测、评估、研究，以适应热带生物海岸和相关生态系统的保护、管理、恢复、重建和可持续发展的紧迫要求。 相似文献
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The Farasan Islands in the southern Red Sea of Saudi Arabia have nationally and internationally significant conservation values, and are important for a range of marine-based resource uses. In preparation for the establishment of a marine protected area around the Farasan Islands and its management, surveys were undertaken to assess the state of the coastal and marine resources, and the issues associated with human activities. Stakeholders were interviewed about issues and their attitudes towards the proposed protected area, and constraints to planning and management were identified. Marine habitats included seagrass beds, mangroves, and extensive areas of fringing reef dominated by a diverse coral community or a mixture of coral and macroalgae. Although used for a diverse range of human activities (fishing, shipping, transport, military purposes, recreation, waste dumping, sand extraction) impacts were minimal and localized. The most immediate threat to the marine resources was over-exploitation by fisheries. The types of management activities appropriate to the MPA, and the scale of management, were constrained by a number of unique and important factors: declines in national financial support for conservation efforts, a lack of trained personnel, difficulties in attracting staff to this remote location, loss of community support, the absence of a tourist base from which economic instruments could be developed, and the lack of local non-governmental organizations. Management recommended for the Farasan Islands Marine-Protected Area included zoning, community participation in management, public awareness, and training as a first step, followed by site-specific management actions, research and monitoring, and infrastructure development. 相似文献
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Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja 《Marine Policy》1991,15(6)
This article examines the role of the concept of sovereignty over national resources in the management of resources. Resource management as opposed to resource exploitation is more desirable both for the protection of the environment and for the sustainable development of resources. It is argued that the national right over resources is an essential element in rational resources management which in turn is indispensable to carrying out a policy of sustainable development. The article first describes the Southeast Asian seas environment. Second, the article examines the regime of archipelagic waters according to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 and its significance for the right of the management of natural resources in the Indonesian marine space. Third, utilization of living resources in the national marine space is reviewed. Fourth, the article deals with the mechanism for a rational management of non-living resources: the Kontrak Karya and production sharing systems for hard minerals and oil and gas respectively. 相似文献
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为推动我国国土空间规划新视角下的海洋空间规划实践,提升我国海洋综合管理水平,文章概述基于生态系统的挪威海海洋环境综合管理计划的主要内容,并重点分析挪威海的海洋环境空间管理措施。研究结果表明:挪威海海洋环境综合管理计划是基于生态系统的海洋空间规划,建立在良好的海洋环境状况和海洋生物多样性与其栖息地的保护基础之上,以可持续利用海洋资源来实现海洋产业的价值创造与生态系统服务供给;该管理计划制定一系列海洋环境保护措施和人类活动空间管理措施,以实现挪威海海洋环境的有效保护和海洋经济产业的有效管理;挪威海海洋空间规划的发展可为我国国土空间规划涉海内容的编制、海洋资源的可持续利用与海洋产业的快速健康发展提供重要参考。 相似文献
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River fisheries in Bangladesh is characterized as “open-access” and the history of administrative and legislative measures bear “contradiction and dilemmas” in resource extraction. The 1950 Fisheries act, the proclamation of 1973 that restricted lease to the registered fisher cooperatives and the experimental New Fisheries Management Policy (NFMP) of 1986 could not contribute to devolve into any participatory institution to introduce sustainable fisheries management. Because of the persistent dilemma in government policy, continued increase in fishing pressure and other anthropogenic reasons, the River resources degraded substantially. Over the past ten years, the Department of Fisheries (DOF) in collaboration with NGOs implemented community based fisheries management (CBFM) approaches with the technical assistance from the WorldFish Center. The principal goal of the approaches was to provide access rights to the fishers through organizing poor fishers and the community to introduce sustainable fisheries management in beels, floodplains and River sections. The CBFM experiences suggest that management and institution building process in river management is complex, and require participation of all concerned stakeholders including local government institutions and administration. CBFM-2 river fisheries management developed a broad-based institutional framework that include community and local government along with the direct beneficiaries and resource users. A positive feature of such institutions is its ability to facilitate flow of information among agents, which is a key to maintain solidarity within and across groups. This paper draws lessons from the CBFM experiences in Bangladesh to manage river fisheries resources in Bangladesh. 相似文献
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The paper investigates the roles and nature of postgraduate education on the professionalization of the shipping industry. The recent growth of postgraduate education is marked by the massive expansion of professional programmes on disciplines which traditionally emphasized non-academic, apprentice-style learning approach, including shipping business and management. The reasons behind such growth of demands, however, have remained scarce and empirically under-researched. Understanding this deficiency, in this study, we have undertaken a questionnaire survey completed by students/graduates who are pursuing/have recently pursued masters' programmes in shipping-related business and management offered by six Asian and European universities. Specifically, we analyze student motivations, considerations, and sources of information before enrolling such programmes, the extent that the shipping industry or other forces act as driving forces towards such enrollment, as well as students' evaluation of the postgraduate programmes that they are pursing/have pursued. Integrated in these discussions are comparative analyses of the data provided by different student groups based on their professional experiences and cultural backgrounds. We believe that this study has provided the lacking empirical inputs essential for achieving the sustainable development of postgraduate education in shipping business and management. 相似文献
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文章借鉴自然资源资产负债表的编制框架和海洋资源的统计核算等相关理论,通过确认海洋资源的产权和最大可持续产量,编制海洋可再生资源权益资产负债表。基于修正模型以及1988—2015年山东省海洋渔业相关数据,计算山东省海洋捕捞年度最大可持续产量,继而编制2015年山东省海洋渔业捕捞权益资产负债表。结果表明:山东省自1996年起出现捕捞资源超采问题,1997—2001年过度捕捞情况最为严重,2002年后在相关规定实施和资源量大减的双重压力下捕捞量有所降低但超采依旧严重。实例证明,编制海洋资源权益资产负债表可为海洋资源权益交易和综合管理提供依据,具有可行性和重要性。 相似文献
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The environmental impacts generated by shipping operations have increasingly become an important research topic, where its pollutants often pose negative externalities to natural habitats and economic losses to coastal areas. While the environmental impact costs generated by shipping disasters, notably large scale accidental oil spills, have been widely studied, hitherto, works dedicated to the assessment of environmental impact costs of pollutants generated by routine shipping operations remain scarce due to their relatively implicit nature and thus delays of consequential risks. Hence, by proposing an economic model and calibrating it to Port of Rotterdam, this paper assesses the environmental impact costs generated by routine shipping operations on ports. By shedding light on this important, but under-researched, issue critical to the well-being of the global shipping industry, this paper provides a decent framework for further research in sustainable shipping and port management for future generations. 相似文献
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人工鱼礁研究现状及未来展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人工鱼礁是建设海洋牧场的重要技术手段,鱼礁投放后有助于改善沿海渔业生态环境、保护增殖渔业资源。近几十年,随着人工鱼礁建设事业规模的不断壮大,各国专家学者对人工鱼礁进行了多方面研究。作者在前人研究的基础上,从鱼礁材料、结构设计、流场效应和数值模拟、鱼礁监测技术、管理体制、生态效益调查评估、经济价值评价等多个角度,对人工鱼礁的研究现状进行详细论述,最后从物理稳定性、监测管理、价值评估等3个方面提出人工鱼礁未来研究与发展的方向,以期为中国大规模人工鱼礁建设的可持续发展提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Particulate matter (PM) emissions from ships in ports are a major contributor to air pollution and smog in port cities. The issue of how to reduce PM emissions has become a critical concern for port city residents and governments. This paper establishes an incentive policy to reduce PM emissions from ships in ports. Using a Panamax bulk carrier as a case study, eight alternative approaches that could be adopted by shipping companies are compared and their operational benefits are estimated. By restricting the analysis to emission control areas (ECAs), the net present value (NPV) model shows that the diesel particulate filter (DPF) is the most advantageous approach with the highest NPV, while the exhaust gas scrubber (EGS) approach is the most economically inefficient. Meanwhile, due to DPF's excellent performance in PM abatement, it is suggested that governments should prioritize the DPF approach when promoting the application of emission reduction technologies. From the perspective of social welfare, a positive social benefit of about US $20,000 will be generated over the life cycle of a ship. However, a low government pricing in China will reduce shipping companies’ operational performance as the emission control zone (ECZ) gradually expands. As a result, an appropriate subsidy scheme is necessary to encourage shipping companies to apply emission reduction technologies. 相似文献
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文章分析了国内外资源价值评估现状及莱州湾湿地自然资源地理经济概况,构建了价值评估体系,运用价值评估方法对该湾湿地资源的直接和非直接使用价值进行评估计算,结果分别为449 640.5万元/a(其中,水产资源价值220 532万元/a,水资源价值73 887万元/a,原盐资源生产价值147 200万元/a,植物资源生产价值8 021.5万元/a)和85 972.6万元/a(其中,气候调节49 976万元/a,涵养水源27 515万元/a,湿地水质净化4 008万元/a,生物多样性维护4 473.6万元/a),发现水产资源、水资源、矿物资源、气候调节与涵养水源为莱州湾资源价值量较高的前5位。综上所述,本研究认为当地政府、企业及公众在发展经济的同时也应充分利用当地资源优势发展渔业与盐化工产业,以达资源可持续利用及生态保护之目的。 相似文献
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Sérgio Rosendo Katrina BrownAlison Joubert Narriman JiddawiMicas Mechisso 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(1):55-65
Many developing countries are expanding their network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to meet ambitious marine conservation targets set globally and to develop tourism nationally. This study explores the human dimensions of MPA planning in Mozambique by engaging local resource users in a series of structured discussions about marine resource use, pressures on marine resources, ways to address such pressures, and the potential positive and negative impacts of MPAs on the management of marine resources and livelihoods, from a community perspective. Findings show that the groups and communities interviewed are at best ambivalent towards MPAs while at the same time supporting increased government regulation, including conventional fisheries management measures. The study suggests that without significant community involvement in the choice of marine conservation tools, the drive to establish MPAs to achieve biodiversity conservation and tourism development goals may be counterproductive, at least in terms of poverty alleviation and sustainable resource use. It argues that a wider range of marine conservation approaches and tools needs to be considered in addition to MPAs, taking into consideration local views and institutional capacities. 相似文献