共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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“多规合一”后，我国海洋空间规划体系正经历重塑，在陆海统筹落实方面仍有所欠缺，存在陆海空间综合管理机制缺失、规划中陆海相互作用考虑不足、陆海生态系统缺乏整体性保护等问题。本文通过梳理国际资源委员会《海岸带资源治理：对可持续蓝色经济的意义》报告中的主要观点，立足我国国土空间规划管理现状和问题，总结出其对我国落实陆海统筹的具体启示，提出陆海统筹落实国家战略、统筹陆海产业健康发展、分层施行陆海一体化保护与利用策略、实施基于生态系统的海岸带管理等建议，旨在服务和完善我国海洋空间规划管理工作。 相似文献
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探讨如何以科学为指导,合理利用海洋资源,保护好海洋环境,实现海洋资源的可持续利用,推进舟山海洋信息的建设。明确两者之间的关系,从各方面提出舟山海洋资源保护与海洋信息建设应采取的主要措施。 相似文献
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为满足新形势下我国海洋空间规划的需求，保障我国海洋生态安全，文章系统总结近年来国际上基于生态系统的海洋空间规划原则、方法和应用进展，并提出展望和启示。研究结果表明：由部门管理上升至空间管理是基于生态系统的海洋空间规划的基本特点，在规划过程中应遵循生态系统管理原则；目前主流的规划工具包括生态系统服务评估和情景分析、权衡取舍分析、博弈论决策以及空间制图和系统规划；将生态系统方法运用于海洋空间规划，可在维持生态系统服务和功能的前提下实现科学的海域空间分配，从而达成多目标的可持续管理，对我国现阶段的海洋空间规划具有重要的启示作用。 相似文献
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基于生态系统的海洋综合管理是海洋管理的新理念和新模式，其颠覆了单一保护对象的传统海洋管理理念，倡导从海洋生态系统角度开展海洋环境资源保护，目标是实现海洋生态系统养护与人类开发活动的协调与可持续发展。中国厦门海岸带综合管理计划和美国佛罗里达大沼泽湿地项目都采用了基于生态系统的海洋综合管理，通过对比两者在基本情况、政策法规、管理模式和管理措施方面的联系和区别，分析中国厦门海岸带综合管理计划和美国佛罗里达大沼泽湿地项目为中美两国其他区域实施基于生态系统的海洋综合管理提供的有益经验，以及实践中存在问题，并据此提出中美两国今后实施基于生态系统的海洋综合管理的具体建议，包括深化管理理念、制定专门立法、设立专职部门、落实公众参与等。 相似文献
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在人类活动向海洋不断扩张和海洋环境面临严重生态危机的现实背景下,欧美等海洋发达国家逐步形成了以生态系
统为基础的海洋空间规划理念。自2006 年联合国教科文组织召开第一届海洋空间规划国际研讨会以来,国外海洋空间规划
比较重视建立系统的空间规划理论与方法体系。一方面,注重构建海洋空间规划的理论基础,包括多类型的空间范畴,多目
标的规划管理,基于生态系统的管理,跨部门的综合管理等;另一方面,注重建立海洋空间规划的实施框架和方法,包括逐
步走向生态系统管理的技术框架,相关利益者的识别,海洋环境影响评价和生态价值评估等;此外,欧美等海洋发达国家从
用海现状、环境影响、海洋生态价值功能等进行区域实践论证,产生了许多对我国有借鉴意义的区域实践经验。 相似文献
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张惠荣 《海洋与海岸带开发》2010,(12):13-19
发展篇：辛勤耕耘结硕果
联合国大会将1998年确定为国际海洋年。这一年，我国政府首次以《中国海洋事业的发展》白皮书的形式，向国际社会阐述了我国海洋可持续发展战略和合理开发海洋资源、保护和保全海洋环境、发展海洋科学技术和教育、实施海洋综合管理、积极参与国际与地区海洋事务的方针政策和措施。 相似文献
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英国、欧洲和澳大利亚的海洋科技计划 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1 英国海洋科学技术发展战略 英国自然环境研究委员会(NERC)海洋科学技术委员会(MSTB)2000年提出今后5年～10年海洋科学技术发展战略,包括海洋资源可持续利用和海洋环境预报两方面的科技计划。 1.1 海洋资源可持续利用 相似文献
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A White Paper on a new integrated management plan for the Norwegian Sea was launched by the Norwegian government in May 2009. Following international guidelines for ecosystem-based management, the plan provides an overall framework for managing all human activities (mainly oil and gas industry, fishing, and shipping) in the area to ensure the continued production and function of the ecosystem. The plan is based on an assessment of the present and projected future impact of human activities and of the interactions between them, taking into account deficits in current knowledge of ecosystem state and dynamics. Areas of particular value in terms of biodiversity or biological production were identified. In each of these valuable areas, any access for substantial human activity is to be carefully managed. To monitor the overall development of the Norwegian Sea, a set of indicators with associated environmental quality objectives have been selected. The approach used builds upon experience gained from the first integrated Norwegian management plan for a marine area, the Barents Sea–Lofoten region, developed in 2002–2006. Work towards a Norwegian management plan for the North Sea, including Skagerrak, was initiated in 2009. 相似文献
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东海区是我国最早开展海洋保护区建设的海区之一,被列为保护对象的生物资源、岛礁资源、景观资源和生态系统丰富多样。文章从数量和面积、典型特征以及保护对象3个方面概述东海区国家级海洋保护区的发展现状,提出目前保护区发展存在管理机构不完善、配套法规不健全、资金保障不稳定和监测能力不足等问题。在此基础上,提出加快管理机构建设,提升建设和管理水平;健全法律法规体系,夯实保护工作法律基础;拓宽资金来源,促进开发和保护协调发展;提高监视监测能力,加强保护对象监测评估的对策措施建议,以期为海洋保护区的建设和管理工作以及海洋生态环境的可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献
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渤海作为我国唯一的内海,自然资源极其丰富,渤海沿海地区有着浑厚的工业基础以及绝佳的地理优势,海洋经济发展速度十分迅猛。但随着经济的迅速发展,生态环境与开发利用之间的矛盾也日益激化,海洋资源开发强度高、利用方式粗放,陆源污染物排放总量久居不下,重点海湾环境质量未见根本好转,环境风险压力有增无减,生态环境整体形势依然严峻。文章介绍了渤海地区的发展现状,分析渤海与濑户内海的相同与不同之处,以便于借鉴日本濑户内海的治理措施以及立法经验,深刻剖析我国海洋环境保护立法的不足,并提出健全制度体系建设、完善海洋环境管理体制、调整渔业发展、提升海洋生态预警能力监测等建议,以期总结出适合我国渤海环境治理的海洋规划方案,从而挽救渤海的生态环境,恢复渤海往日的生机。 相似文献
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The international legal framework for marine spatial planning 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Increasing demand for ocean resources, both living and non-living, have already lead to loss of biodiversity, habitat depletion and irreversible damage to the marine environment. Furthermore, introduction of new kinds of sea uses, spatial extension of ongoing sea uses and the need to better protect and conserve the marine biological diversity will result in increasing conflicts among the various users, as well as between the users and the environment. Marine spatial planning as a process to allocate space for specific uses can help to avoid user conflicts, to improve the management of marine spatial claims, and to sustain an ecosystem-based management of ocean and seas. This article explores the rights and duties towards exploitation and protection of the marine environment under the jurisdiction of coastal states as reflected in two important global conventions, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Both Conventions provide the main legal framework for marine spatial planning that have to be taken into account in planning at the regional and national level. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
This paper provides an overview of the emerging policy landscape for marine spatial planning in the European Union, which consists of four main categories of policy drivers: environmental legislation, legislation on marine renewable energy, fisheries regulations and the Integrated Maritime Policy. The weak links between these categories of policy drivers, underpinned by a lack of clarity regarding the vision for sustainability, pose major challenges for the emergence of ecosystem-based and integrated marine spatial planning in Europe. In addition, there is still uncertainty arising from on-going reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, and discussions on the need for a new marine spatial planning directive. This paper concludes with the view that better integration of environmental concerns into the Common Fisheries Policy is needed to strengthen the link between environmental legislation and fisheries regulations, and that the existing policy landscape, particularly the Marine Strategic Framework Directive, already provides a legal framework for ecosystem-based marine spatial planning. Such a framework is consistent with the recognition that ecosystem conservation underpins other pillars of sustainable development and provides the foundation for cross-sectoral marine planning and management. 相似文献
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文章以江苏省连云港市连云区海域为研究区，提出了兼顾海洋资源开发与生态环境保护的海洋空间规划分区体系，包括工业与城镇建设区、生物资源利用区和生态保护区3个类别；构建了海洋环境生态承载力评价和海洋开发利用适宜性评价指标体系，基于ArcGIS完成了规划区网格划分和相关评价，并据此进行叠置分析，完成连云区海域分区的空间划分，其中工业与城镇建设区总面积占比为23.58%、生物资源利用区占55.52%、生态保护区占20.90%。海洋空间规划分区体系和基于ArcGIS划分方法在连云区的应用实践表明，该方法体系能够较好地协调海洋保护与开发的空间格局划分，可以为我国海洋空间规划分区研究和实践提供借鉴。 相似文献
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The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
During the past 10 years, the evolution of marine spatial planning (MSP) and ocean zoning has become a crucial step in making ecosystem-based, sea use management a reality. The idea was initially stimulated by international and national interest in developing marine protected areas, e.g., the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. More recent attention has been placed on managing the multiple use of marine space, especially in areas where conflicts among users and the environment are already clear, e.g., in the North Sea. Even more recent concern has focused on the need to conserve nature, especially ecologically and biologically sensitive areas, in the context of multi-use planning of ocean space. Despite academic discussions and the fact that some countries already have started implementation, the scope of MSP has not been clearly defined. Terms such as integrated management, marine spatial management, and ocean zoning are all used inconsistently. This is one of the reasons why its importance is not more seriously reflected at the levels of policy and decision-making in most countries. This article attempts to deal with this problem. It describes why MSP is an essential step to achieve ecosystem-based sea use management, how it can be defined and what its core objectives are. The article concludes with an analysis of the use and achievements of MSP worldwide, with particular focus on new approaches in Europe. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
The main objective of recent international legislative measures and policies concerning marine ecosystems is to ensure sustainable environmental management to maintain a good status for marine waters, habitats and resources, with the ultimate target of achieving an integrated ecosystem-based approach to management. Because bioinvasions pose significant threats to marine ecosystems and the goods and services these provide, non-indigenous species (NIS) are included in the more recent legislative documents. A major challenge for the scientific community is to translate the principles of the legislative directives into a realistic, integrated ecosystem-based approach and at the same time provide stakeholders with best practices for managing NIS. The aim of this paper, prepared by members of the Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), is to provide guidance for the application of NIS related management in the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Ten recommendations, including NIS identification, standardization of sampling and data, indicators, propagule pressure and management issues are considered in this paper. While most of these suggestions were developed to improve the implementation of the MSFD, several may be more widely applicable. 相似文献
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主体功能区规划是我国正在施行的一项战略性空间规划制度，陆海统筹是其重要的规划原则，然而在陆域和海洋规划由不同部门主导、分别编制的工作思路下，陆海统筹难以得到切实保障。文章剖析了沿海地区陆域和海洋主体功能分区不协调的现实困境，以山东省主体功能区规划为例，从陆域和海洋主体功能分区不协调、规划保障措施不对接两方面分析了规划单元陆海分区无法衔接的原因，并提出了统筹沿海地区主体功能区划分、发挥海岸带规划的陆海统筹作用和推进陆海统筹的规划保障措施实施等对策建议，以期为我国国土空间规划工作中主体功能分区提供借鉴，促进沿海地区的人口、经济、资源环境与国土空间开发利用保护的充分协调。 相似文献