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利用１８８０—１９９９年中国东部３５站的观测降水资料、英国Ｈａｄｌｅｙ中心的海温和海平面气压资料以及ＩＰＣＣ第４次评估报告（ＡＲ４）中２０世纪气候模拟试验（２０Ｃ３Ｍ）的模式输出结果,对ＩＰＣＣＡＲ４中２２个耦合模式所模拟的我国东部夏季降水的年代际变化情况以及太平洋年代际涛动（ＰＤＯ）和北大西洋涛动（ＮＡＯ）的年代际变化情况进行了分析。结果显示,这些模式对２０世纪我国东部夏季降水年代际变化的模拟结果并不理想,但对降水在２０世纪７０年代中期前后的突变具有一定的模拟能力。其中ＩＡＰ＿ＦＧＯＡＬＳＬ＿０＿Ｇ可以大致模拟出２０世纪７０年代中期前后降水型的突变特征,而ＢＣＣＲ＿ＢＣＭ２＿０和ＵＫＭＯ＿ＨａｄＧＥＭ１则可以模拟出华北地区降水在２０世纪７０年代中期之后减少的现象。对于引起我国东部夏季降水年代际变化的重要因子ＰＤＯ和ＮＡＯ,模式对它们年代际变化的模拟效果略好于降水。多数模式都可以模拟出ＰＤＯ和ＮＡＯ的空间模态,其中ＣＮＲＭ＿ＣＭ３和ＵＫＭＯ＿ＨａｄＧＥＭ１对ＰＤＯ年代际变化（８ａ以上）的模拟与实际情况比较相似,并可以模拟出２０世纪７０年代中期之后ＰＤＯ由负位相转变为正位相的情况,而模式ＵＫＭＯ＿ＨａｄＧＥＭ１也对ＮＡＯ的年代际变化以及１９８０年以来不断加强的趋势模拟较好。 相似文献
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区域气候模式对温室效应引起的中国地区气候变化的数值模拟 总被引：93，自引：9，他引：93
利用基于 ＲｅｇＣＭ２的区域气候模式并单向嵌套澳大利亚 ＣＳＩＲＯ Ｒ２１Ｌ９全球海－气耦合模式，进行了温室气体二氧化碳浓度倍增对中国气候变化影响的数值试验研究。控制试验结果表明：区域模式由于具有较高的分辨率，因而对中国区域地面气温和降水的模拟效果较全球模式有了较大提高；模式对 ２×ＣＯ２敏感性试验结果表明了在 ＣＯ２浓度倍增情况下，由于温室效应，中国区域的地面气温将有明显升高，降水也将呈增加趋势。 相似文献
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《中国气象科学研究院年报》1994,(1)
ＰＥＲＳＰＥＣＴＩＶＥＳＯＦＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＣＹＣＬＯＮＥＵＮＵＳＵＡＬＭＯＴＩＯＮＳ──ＴＨＥＤＩＦＦＩＣＵＬＴＩＥＳＩＮＣＵＲＲＥＮＴＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＣＹＣＬＯＮＥＦＯＲＥＣＡＳＴＩＮＧＣｈｅｎＬｉａｎｓｈｏｕ（陈联寿）ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍ... 相似文献
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热带海洋全球大气计划的海气耦合响应试验（ＣＯＡＲＥ）Ｊ．Ｓ．Ｇｏｄｆｒｅｙ（澳大利亚）１引言１９９２年１１月－１９９３年２月，在巴布亚新几内亚以东地区进行了热带海洋全球大气计划（ＴＯＧＭ）的海气耦合响应试验（ＣＯＡＲＥ），这是人们已进行的阵容最强的海... 相似文献
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利用２０００—２００８年南京夏季晴空天气的ＭＯＤＩＳ地表温度产品（代码为‘ＭＯＤ１１Ａ２’）及同期ＭＯＤＩＳＬ１Ｂ资料,采用劈窗算法反演生成地表温度,对比分析了南京城市热岛时空变化特征、热岛区面积变化情况,同时通过与台站地表温度的对比,评估了ＭＯＤＩＳ资料的反演精度．结果表明：１）ＭＯＤ１１Ａ２资料的精度略高于ＭＯＤＩＳＬ１Ｂ反演资料,ＭＯ ＤＩＳ资料的地温的空间分布型态与实际接近;２）基于ＭＯＤ１１Ａ２数据和基于ＭＯ ＤＩＳＬ１Ｂ数据的地表温度在２０００—２００８年都反映了南京的热岛效应,热岛区主要分布在主城区、大厂区和江宁区,总体呈“摊饼式”扩大趋势,但基于ＭＯＤＩＳＬ１Ｂ数据的热岛范围扩大比基于ＭＯＤ１１Ａ２数据的明显很多;３）南京夏季热岛区面积在２０００—２００８年起伏增加,基于ＭＯＤ１１Ａ２数据和基于ＭＯＤＩＳＬ１Ｂ数据的增长趋势分别为５０２１３ｋｍ２／ａ、９９９３ｋｍ２／ａ 相似文献
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ENSO及其年代际异常对全球及亚洲季风降水影响的数值研究 总被引：22，自引：5，他引：17
根据诊断分析结果,利用ＬＡＧＳ改进的Ｌ９Ｒ１５气候谱模式,设计了３个数值试验,讨论了不同的年代际背景下ＥＮＳＯ异常对全球降水,特别是对亚洲季风降水的影响。试验结果表明,在年代际的冷、暖背景下,当出现ＥＮＳＯ事件时,降水响应的异常场在ＥＮＳＯ的不同发展阶段上,表现显著不同。出现这种差异的物理过程可以用与垂直环流相联系的势函数的变化来表示。暖背景下,当ＥＮＳＯ处于发展时期,比冷背景下更容易出现强烈反Ｗａｌｋｅｒ的环流,但在ＥＮＳＯ处于衰减期更容易产生强烈的Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流,这就意味着暖背景时的ＥＮＳＯ异常对大气影响的幅度更大。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献