共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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林榕光 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(1):1-20
综述精密可控震源与陆上气枪2种主动震源特性及在国内区域尺度上的应用,估算观测介质波速随时间变化的精度,探讨主动震源在构建水库地震观测介质波速随时间变化中的系统应用。 相似文献
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监测地下介质物性动态变化对于研究地震的孕育发生过程具有重要意义. 汶川地震发生后, 在汶川地震主断裂带东北端的陕西省宁强县, 建立了一套主动震源观测系统,利用电动落锤作震源对断裂带开展了近一个月的连续监测实验. 利用主动震源激发波形的高度可重复性, 用谱比法计算了浅层地下介质衰减参数t*随时间的变化, 并与波速和大气压变化进行了对比分析. 结果显示, 由未固结的沉积层和破碎岩石组成的断裂带地震波衰减强,品质因子为10左右;衰减参数t*与大气压的变化有很好的相关性, 并与波速随大气压的变化趋势一致, 可能是由于大气压变化导致浅层介质的裂隙密度变化引起的;强余震引起显著的t*的同震变化及震后各接收台站的不同变化趋势. 野外实验表明, 主动震源是一种监测地下介质物性变化的有效方法. 相似文献
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利用主动震源直达波互相关时延检测技术监测小江断裂带浅层地震波波速变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了监测云南小江断裂带附近地震波波速的连续变化,2006年4月在小江断裂带以西10 km布置了一条长235 m的主动震源浅勘测线,进行为期1个月的连续观测实验。采用前后互相关技术对直达波进行了高精度波速变化测量,分析得到以下结果和结论:(1)实验期间,实验点地下介质存在相对波速变化δv/v≈10-3~10-2;(2)波速变化随震中距增加迅速减小,这可能反映了较浅层波速变化与较深层相比更剧烈;(3)波速变化和大气压变化有很好的相关性,相对波速变化对大气压的敏感系数为10-6Pa-1量级;(4)降雨会显著影响波速与气压的关系,降雨前相对波速变化随气压增加而增加,而降雨后相对波速则与气压呈负相关。 相似文献
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震源到接收台站之间的地层响应函数能够反映地下介质信息。对地震波传播过程中的卷积模型进行推导:记录信号是众多震源子波经过时移加权叠加的结果;通过反卷积方法可去除震源子波信息,提取震源到接收台站之间的地层响应函数;地层响应函数中第一个突跳值对应的时间即为P波走时。在河北赤城—张北地区进行人工震源实验,通过反卷积计算得到该地区地层响应函数剖面图,得出P波波速约6 km/s。利用人工震源系统还可以对地下介质波速变化进行长期动态监测,对地震预测具有一定意义。 相似文献
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<正>1研究背景在地震孕育过程中,随着时间的推移,震源区介质会发生缓慢变化,直至断层错动发生地震。采用基于背景噪声尾波干涉的地壳波速随时间变化的计算方法,可充分利用波形中的噪声信息,研究地震发生背景。背景噪声受信号源影响相对较小,区别于地球物理场等定点监测手段和测项,其对地下介质的连续监测受地震时空分布的限制较小。刘志坤等（2010）选用区域地震台网数据研究2008年汶川地震震源区及周边波速的时空变化, 相似文献
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汶川地震后在龙门山断裂带南段建立了精密可控震源发射台,结合布设的28套流动地震仪的信号记录,尝试监测地下介质的动态应力变化。为了提取记录中的主动源发射的信号,本文采用了匹配滤波方法来实现弱信噪比条件下的信号检测并进行了波形变换。在提取出每个周期的主动源信号后,利用信号叠加,分别获得了1、5、10天时间的波形,有效地提高了记录波形的信噪比。然后通过互相关检测精确得出地震波的走时变化,并分析了计算误差。最后,针对实验期间发生的绵竹M_S5.6地震进行分析,获得了地震前后的走时剖面和信号变化,结果表明,距离较远的龙门山断裂北段地震未能对南段实验区域的地下介质波速产生影响。 相似文献
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利用主动震源检测汶川地震余震引起的浅层波速变化 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
为了监测汶川地震后断裂带附近的波速变化,2008年6月,我们利用快速响应探测系统,在龙门山断裂带北端进行了为期3周的连续观测实验.实验使用电动落锤作为主动震源,GPS连续同步授时的高精度数采作为接收系统.利用记录到的高时间精度观测数据,结合互相关时延检测技术,计算了P波和面波走时的相对变化,来表征地下波速的变化.我们观测到两次面波波速的异常变化,变化幅度最高达到2%,远远大于气压变化所能引起的波速变化.结合该时段内地震活动记录,我们认为面波的波速变化是由在附近发生的两次地震事件的同震效应引起的,该观测结果同理论计算结果相符. 相似文献
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基于Ｂｉｏｔ的饱和孔隙弹性介质的运动方程和利用复变函数方法，本文研究了无限饱水孔隙弹性空间中由常速运动源所产生的位移场。考虑了两种类型源：ａ．沿无限空间水平轴运动的斜向集中力源；ｂ．运动双力偶源。关于力源的运动速度，考虑了４种情形：ａ．力源的运动速度Ｕ小于饱水孔隙弹性介质的三种体波速度一亚音速情形；ｂ．速度Ｕ小于介质的第一纵波过度和横波速度，但大于第二纵波速度─—弱跨音速情形；ｃ．速度Ｕ小于第一纵波速度，但大于横波速度和第二级波速度─—强跨音速情形；ｄ．速度Ｕ大于介质的所有三种体波速度─—超音速情形。结果表明，在跨音达和超音速情形里，解呈现出与力源相联系的平面冲击波特征，位移出现了相应的跳跃。 相似文献
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提出了一种新的偏移速度分析方法——基于控制照明的合成震源记录交互剩余偏移速度分析方法．与其他类似偏移速度分析方法的不同点在于：（1） 叠前深度偏移采用基于波动理论的快速合成震源记录算法;（2）偏移方法采用平面波震源,与速度分析方法一致;（3）应用控制照明技术,避免了因横向变速而导致的平面波震源波场在传播过程中的畸变,从而减小了速度分析的误差;（4）实用的速度谱设计,使交互偏移速度分析可行且易于操作．模型和新疆实际资料的试算表明该方法是一种有效和实用的偏移速度分析方法． 相似文献
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Review paper: Virtual sources and their responses,Part II: data‐driven single‐sided focusing 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kees Wapenaar Jan Thorbecke Joost van der Neut Evert Slob Roel Snieder 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(6):1430-1451
In Part I of this paper, we defined a focusing wave field as the time reversal of an observed point‐source response. We showed that emitting a time‐reversed field from a closed boundary yields a focal spot that acts as an isotropic virtual source. However, when emitting the field from an open boundary, the virtual source is highly directional and significant artefacts occur related to multiple scattering. The aim of this paper is to discuss a focusing wave field, which, when emitted into the medium from an open boundary, yields an isotropic virtual source and does not give rise to artefacts. We start the discussion from a horizontally layered medium and introduce the single‐sided focusing wave field in an intuitive way as an inverse filter. Next, we discuss single‐sided focusing in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional inhomogeneous media and support the discussion with mathematical derivations. The focusing functions needed for single‐sided focusing can be retrieved from the single‐sided reflection response and an estimate of the direct arrivals between the focal point and the accessible boundary. The focal spot, obtained with this single‐sided data‐driven focusing method, acts as an isotropic virtual source, similar to that obtained by emitting a time‐reversed point‐source response from a closed boundary. 相似文献
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Review paper: Virtual sources and their responses,Part I: time‐reversal acoustics and seismic interferometry 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A focusing acoustic wave field, emitted into a medium from its boundary, converges to a focal spot around the designated focal point. Subsequently, the focused field acts as a virtual source that emits a field propagating away from the focal point, mimicking the response to a real source at the position of the focal point. In this first part of a two‐part review paper on virtual sources and their responses, we define the focusing wave field as the time reversal of an observed point‐source response. This approach underlies time‐reversal acoustics and seismic interferometry. We analyse the propagation of a time‐reversed point‐source response through an inhomogeneous medium, paying particular attention to the effect of internal multiples. We investigate the differences between emitting the focusing field from a closed boundary and from an open boundary, and we analyse in detail the properties of the virtual source. Whereas emitting the time‐reversed field from a closed boundary yields an accurate isotropic virtual source, emitting the field from an open boundary leads to a highly directional virtual source and significant artefacts related to multiple scattering. The latter problems are addressed in Part II, where we define the focusing wave field as an inverse filter that accounts for primaries and multiples. 相似文献
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Effect of uneven noise source and/or station distribution on estimating the azimuth anisotropy of surface waves 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 With the development of the dense array, the surface wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy under the array can be directly obtained by beamforming the noise cross-correlation functions (NCFs). However, the retrieval of the Green's function by cross-correlating the seismic noise requires that the noise source has a uniform distribution. For the case with uneven noise source, the azimuthal dependence on the sources in the expression for the spatial coherence function, which corresponds to the NCF in the time domain, has the same form as the azimuthal dependence of the surface wave velocity in weakly anisotropic media. Therefore, the uneven noise source will affect the surface wave anisotropy extraction. In this study, three passive seismic methods, i.e., beamforming, SPAC (spatial autocorrelation), and NCF, are compared to demonstrate that an uneven source distribution and uneven station distribution have equivalent effects on the outcome from each method. A beamforming method is proposed to directly extract the velocity and azimuthal anisotropy of surface waves. The effect of uneven noise source and/or station distribution on estimating the azimuth anisotropy of surface waves was investigated using data from the ChinArray Phase II. A method for correcting the apparent anisotropy in beamforming results caused by an uneven station distribution is suggested. 相似文献
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Source-independent wave-equation based microseismic source location using traveltime inversion 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A new source location method using wave-equation based traveltime inversion is proposed to locate microseismic events accurately. With a sourceindependent strategy, microseismic events can be located independently regardless of the accuracy of the source signature and the origin time. The traveltime-residuals-based misfit function has robust performance when the velocity model is inaccurate. The new Fréchet derivatives of the misfit function with respect to source location are derived directly based on the acoustic wave equation, accounting for the influence of geometrical perturbation and spatial velocity variation. Unlike the mostly used traveltime inversion methods, no traveltime picking or ray tracing is needed.Additionally, the improved scattering-integral method is applied to reduce the computational cost. Numerical tests show the validity of the proposed method. 相似文献
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Well–to-well seismic measurements are adapted to civil engineering problems by use of a sparker as a source of seismic signals and an 80 kHz hydrophone as a receiver. For display a Tektronix 549 oscilloscope is used. Field application shows that the delineation of interfaces between homogeneous strata and the detection and delineation of localized and irregular features is possible from inter-well travel times. In-situ measurement of the compressional wave velocity in a medium is often complicated by refraction and wave guide effects. The degree of fracturing cannot be estimated from travel time measurements alone in a tightly jointed, saturated, rock mass, but it may be possible to correlate variations in pulse shape and length with this parameter. 相似文献