共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
River ecosystems are closely linked to human economic and social development, which are the most ecosystems at risk on earth. The research of ecosystem services can provide important scientific references for the ecosystems utilization,protection and management. On basis of summarizing the basic theories,assessment frameworks,technical methods and application practices related with research findings of river ecosystem services both at home and abroad,the existing shortcomings such as weak research foundation,lack of scientific and reasonable methods in ecosystem service evaluation,narrow application scope of the research results were pointed out. In consideration of the needs of society and the research tendency,the future developing directions of river ecosystems service were described: the solid research foundation should be established by multi-disciplinary and multi-scale integrations, the standardized,normalized and scientific evaluation system for ecosystem services shall be built by innovating assessment framework and technical methodology systems comprehensively, the new research areas including trade-offs and commercialization of ecosystem services will be carried out widely to expand our research perspectives and enhance the application values of the results. 相似文献
2.
Yang Yang Zhonghua Wang Xuelian Wang Changsen Zhao Chunbin Zhang Tianli Pan 《地球科学进展》2020,35(5):513-522
With the socio-economic development, water demand has increased, resulting in river environment flow often not being met. As an important indicator of river ecosystem, environment flow plays a key role in maintaining the sustainability of the ecosystem. This study fully considered the biological needs of river ecosystems, used food web models (Ecopath) to identify key species of fish, determined the ecological flow velocity, combined the river sections, and used the Adapted Ecological Hydraulic Radius Method (AEHRA) to calculate the environment flow. Based on the calculation results of the environment flow, the River2D model was used to simulate the river flow, and the environment flow satisfaction rate of the river was calculated. The calculation results show that the environment flow of each river in the flood season can be satisfied, and the environment flow of most rivers in the non-flood season cannot be satisfied, and the satisfaction rate is extremely low, which causes the ecosystem health to be destroyed. Therefore, ecological regulation of rivers during non-flood seasons should be strengthened to meet river environment flow. The new method for calculating the environment flow of the river provided in this paper can provide a method for aquatic ecological restoration, and the research results can provide important scientific basis for the aquatic ecological restoration and management of rivers in Jinan. 相似文献
3.
河流健康状况评价是河流管理和河流生态系统监控的基础。阐述了河流健康状况的内涵,尝试从理化参数、生物指标、形态结构、水文特征、河岸带状况5个方面表征河流的健康状况;并从预测模型法和多指标评价法角度对河流无脊椎动物预测和分类系统(RIVPACS)、澳大利亚河流评价计划(AUSRIVAS)、生物完整性指数(IBI)、RCE清单、溪流状态指数(ISC)、河流生态环境调查(RHS)、河流健康计划(RHP)等河流健康状况的评价方法进行评述;在探讨美国、英国、澳大利亚、南非等国家河流健康状况评价开展情况的基础上,指出我国迫切需要构建一套适合国情的河流健康状况评价体系,从河流健康角度评价国内主要河流的生态环境质量,并为广泛开展的河流恢复项目提供基础数据和决策依据。 相似文献
4.
The Yangtze, the longest river in Asia, was hypothesized to be assembled through a series of Cenozoic capture events, such as the reversal of Middle Yangtze River and the capture of Upper Yangtze River, but the history remains largely unknown. Here, we present new geomorphic observations in the structural context of the eastern Sichuan Basin, namely the Eastern Sichuan fold belt, and identify an important drainage divide along the “midline” of this arc-shape fold belt. Based on longitudinal profile analysis, we find that the river capture events more likely occurred in the syncline valleys of low-relief landscape. Our results yield a new perspective on Middle Yangtze River reversal, and we propose that the “midline” drainage divide, rather than the Three Gorges, was the starting site of Middle Yangtze River reversal. In this manner, the reversal could have been accomplished by a sequence of river reversal over range-parallel segments in syncline valleys with less impact on the pre-existing drainage system in eastern Sichuan Basin. 相似文献
5.
以典型断陷盆地——小江流域为研究对象,以1982年的TM影像、2003年的Landsat ETM+影像和2016年的Landsat OLI影像为数据源,结合云南省测绘局所提供的150 000的土地利用状况图,采用 Costanza 公式对生态系统服务价值进行评估,精细刻画出云南小江流域“盆—山”共存的地质分异结构下生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征。结果表明:（1）小江流域以农田生态系统为主,研究期内生态系统格局总体稳定,耕地、建设用地、林地和园地都有不同程度的增加,而未利用地面积减少,水域面积基本不变;（2）1982-2016年,研究区生态系统服务总价值呈上升趋势,1982、2003和2016年生态系统服务总价值分别为90.11×108元、105.65×108元和136.81×108元,耕地、林地、园地和水域的生态系统服务价值整体上升,而未利用地的生态系统服务价值减少;（3）整体上,小江流域南部和东部生态系统服务价值增加明显,而中部和西部地区生态系统服务价值呈阶段性变化或持续下降趋势,小江岩溶河谷区的生态系统服务价值最高,而沉积平坝区的生态系统服务价值密度最低,且为唯一一个衰退型生态系统服务功能区;（4）研究期内小江流域各项生态系统服务价值均呈上升趋势,调节服务居主导地位,且以气候调节服务价值最高。小江流域生态系统服务价值缺乏弹性,水域生态系统面积变化对研究区生态系统价值的变化具有放大作用。实施封山育林、退耕还林、小流域治理工程等石漠化综合治理工程可增加生态系统服务价值。 相似文献
6.
东亚东倾地形格局的形成与季风系统演化历史寻踪——综合大洋钻探计划683号航次建议书简介 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
郑洪波 汪品先 刘志飞 杨守业 王家林 李前裕 周祖翼 贾军涛 李上卿 贾健宜 John Chappell Yoshiki Saito Takahiro Inoue 《地球科学进展》2008,23(11):1150-1160
围绕IODP 683号建议书,介绍东亚东倾地形格局与季风系统演化历史的相关研究。新生代全球宏观环境格局发生了一系列重大变化,表现为岩石圈活动强烈,板块漂移导致海陆格局和地貌格局的变化,并引发洋流和大气环流的改组,最终导致全球气候的重大变化。新生代岩石圈运动和气候变化表现最为典型的地区是亚洲,其中最具标志性和全球意义的地质事件是喜马拉雅山和青藏高原的隆升及亚洲季风系统的形成与演化。青藏高原隆升最直接的结果是亚洲地区现代地貌格局的形成,大江大河的发育,并在很大程度上影响了亚洲季风系统的形成与演化。综合大洋钻探计划683号航次建议书,计划在长江中下游盆地和东海陆架盆地实施钻探,以获得长江历史演化和东亚季风演化的地质记录,并为研究青藏高原的演化提供新的证据。 相似文献
7.
《Geoforum》2016
The sustainable management of China’s rivers is very important to the well-being of both the environment and its people. Yet the country’s rivers are now facing imminent threats from river overexploitation. The deteriorating condition serves as a stark reminder that relevant policies must be revised to ensure their wiser stewardship. In this short critical review, we first briefly stated river development history and various impacts arising from river overexploitation. We then elaborated the issues in river management, which connived numerous behaviors neglecting river degradation happened at all institutional levels. Based on the weakness, we proposed some policy recommendations to sustain China’s rivers and balance river development and conservation. The article concludes by proposing the development of a national river protection law to reinforce integrated river management, improve the implementation of environment impact assessments, and fulfill long-term goals for river conservation and sustainable development. 相似文献
8.
Parisa Sarzaeim Omid Bozorg-Haddad Elahe Fallah-Mehdipour Hugo A. Loáiciga 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(14):498
Iran is a developing country with arid and semiarid regions. Poor management of water resources combined with the effects of climate change is leading to the drying of several rivers and wetlands. Several planned water development projects, primarily for agricultural expansion, will be implemented in the coming years which could worsen impacts on vulnerable aquatic ecosystems. Proper water resources management is essential to meet present and future residential, environmental, industrial, and agricultural demands in semiarid regions. This paper presents projections of how the availability of water resources will change in the Karkheh river basin of Iran for the period 2010–2059 employing sustainability criteria in the form of time-based reliability, volumetric reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability. This paper’s results show that consideration of environmental receptors as a stakeholder of water use places limitations on agricultural development within the Karkheh river basin. 相似文献
9.
在冰冻圈地区,受到积雪和冰川融水的影响,径流表现出独特的热状况,形成特有的冷水生态系统.由于大气和河流内部过程之间强烈的耦合和高敏感度,河水温度作为生态系统的重要驱动因素在冰川流域表现得尤为显著.通过对冰川径流温度特征、影响因素和热量机制响应等方面的国内外研究现状进行综述,发现冰川径流温度具有温度低、时空变化显著的特征;冰川径流温度影响因素主要有4个方面:水-气界面的热量传输、水-河道及河岸界面热量传输、径流组成、气候变化及人类活动;冰川径流热量机制的响应在河水物理化学性质方面表现为河流水质参数以及热量水分循环的影响,在河流水生生态系统方面表现为水生生态系统的分布和结构随冰川径流温度的变化而变化,且一旦超过某个阈值后,这种变化不可逆. 相似文献
10.
镇江、扬州间之长江河谷是拟建长江公路大桥桥址比选的优异地段。勘察资料证实 :河谷第四系由上更新统中段、全新统中上段组成、海侵、海退及新构造运动的升降制约了第四系沉积与演变 ,致使第四系呈现侵蚀不整合、半旋回序列。河道经历了山前河流、河口沙坝、三角洲平原的发育阶段 ,河道在自北而南迁移总趋势下 ,曾有多次往复摆动 ,现今仍在向南侧蚀。沿江岸带城镇座落、人口稠密、经济繁荣、素有“金三角”之称 ,不言而喻 ,加强其沉积演变势态的研究具有特殊的社会与经济意义。 相似文献
11.
The ultimate goal of the protection and restoration of water ecosystem is intended to facilitate the healthiness of ecosystems in rivers and lakes, and the basic premise of river healthiness is to ensure the ecological water demand of rivers. Shenyang City is the economic and cultural center of Northeastern China, and most rivers in the territory of Shenyang City are plagued with the ecology and environment problems such as dry-up of river way, wetland shrinkage and groundwater overdraft. In protection and restoration of water ecosystem, Shenyang City should first study the ecological water demand of rivers. In this paper, we first defined the connotation, composition and calculation method of ecological water demand of rivers and selected eight major rivers in Shenyang City for ecological water demand study and calculation according to the characteristics of the rivers and water resources conditions in Shenyang City. We calculated the basic eco-environmental water demand and consumptive water demand for evaporation and seepage of river ways respectively and thus obtained the total eco-environmental water demand for eight rivers. In total eco-environmental water demand of rivers, consumptive water demand for evaporation and seepage of river ways accounts for 51% and the eco-environmental water demand of rivers accounts for 49% 相似文献
12.
生态系统与人类福祉——千年生态系统评估的成就、贡献和展望 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
千年生态系统评估（MA）是由联合国秘书长安南于2001年6月宣布启动的一项为期4年（2001—2005年）的国际合作项目,这是在全球范围内第一个针对生态系统及其服务与人类福祉之间的联系,通过整合各种资源,对各类生态系统进行全面、综合评估的重大项目。依据MA发布的最新成果,主要从3个方面介绍了它的重要成就与贡献：①首次在全球尺度上系统、全面、多尺度地揭示了各类生态系统的现状和变化趋势、未来变化的情景和应采取的对策,其评估结果为改善与生态系统有关的决策制定过程提供了充分的科学依据;②丰富了生态学的内涵,明确提出了生态系统的状况和变化与人类福祉之间的密切联系,将研究“生态系统与人类福祉”作为现阶段生态学研究的核心内容和引领21世纪生态学发展的新方向,从而将生态学的发展推进到了一个新的阶段;③ 阐述了评估生态系统与人类福祉之间相互关系的框架,并建立了多尺度、综合评估它们各个组分之间相互关系的方法。MA的实施虽然取得了巨大成就,但是它所提出的一系列理念、方法和数据仍需不断完善。这些问题的解决,尚需有关学者今后进行长期不懈的努力。 相似文献
13.
笔者首先从地学角度阐明长江流域的特大洪水泛滥在人类出现之前即已有之。所以,单靠维原有自然状态尚不跳以防止咱中及长江中下游洪灾;在上游设置具有足够调洪能力的水利工程也是必要的和紧迫的措施。根据四川盆地及其周转的水资源状况、工程地质条件和对环境工程地质问题的预测,笔者认为,在盆地北部边缘山区的嘉陵江（主要是涪江和渠江）上游修建拦蓄工程,不但可消除川中旱洪灾害,同时将大大地减轻长江中下游的洪灾威胁。为此 相似文献
14.
生态系统变化：工商业面临的机遇和挑战 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
简要介绍了千年生态系统评估（MA）项目编写的《生态系统与人类福祉：工商业面临的机遇和挑战》的核心内容。报告表明：① 工商业与生态系统之间存在着复杂的相互作用,一方面,工商业需要依赖生态系统服务的可持续供给才能得以长期运营,另一方面,工商业的各种活动也会导致生态系统及其服务发生变化;② 在1950—2000年的50年里,全球生态系统已经发生了许多不利于工商业长期持续发展的巨大变化,而且在未来50年内仍会发生一些与工商业密切相关的重要变化;③ 生态系统及其服务的巨大变化已经引起了管理部门的高度重视,今后工商业的发展必然会受到生态系统管理方面的重要影响;④ 工商业的发展要想长期立于不败之地,必须正确、全面地认识生态系统及其服务发生的重大变化,以及它们对业界带来的机遇和挑战,同时对自身的发展战略相应地做出调整。
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15.
基于ArcIMS长江上游土地利用动态管理信息系统的设计与开发 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
ArcIMS是ESRI第二代基于Web的GIS平台，用于Internet及其环境中发布和共享空间数据，并提供丰富的GIS互操作功能。长江上游土地利用动态管理信息系统是基于webGIS技术，利用ArcIMS加以实现的土地资源信息分布式动态管理系统，它为长江上游土地资源信息共享提供了开放的信息空间。这里首先介绍了土地利用动态管理信息系统的设计目标，然后在此基础上阐述了系统的体系结构、开发环境、技术流程。最后对各个系统功能的实现分别作了说明。 相似文献
16.
为探讨河西地区内陆河径流对气候变化的响应, 选取1955-2008年石羊河、黑河和疏勒河的河流流量资料进行计算和分析. 结果表明: 50多年来, 石羊河年径流总体呈明显下降趋势, 黑河呈略有增加趋势, 疏勒河呈明显增加趋势, 地域上呈现愈往西部的河流年径流量增加愈明显. 三大河流进入1990年代后有下降趋势, 进入21世纪均有明显增多趋势. 三大河流径流对气候变化有不同响应, 石羊河流域主要受季风气候影响, 气候变暖, 蒸发加剧, 水分散失量大, 是造成径流减少的主要原因;黑河和疏勒河流域主要受西风带环流影响, 径流增多的重要原因是气候变暖降水明显增多. 为减缓气候变化对流域水资源利用的不利影响, 在分析三大内陆河流量对气候变化响应特征的基础上, 提出了适应性水资源管理的建议. 建议应提高水资源利用效率;改变生产方式, 调整农业种植业结构与布局;加大祁连山自然保护区建设, 搞好水资源可持续利用;积极开发祁连山丰富的空中云水资源、哺育祁连山冰川等流域适应性水资源管理对策, 对流域进行综合治理与开发利用, 这些措施和对策将为流域水资源开发提供科学依据. 相似文献
17.
长江与黄河沉积物REE地球化学及示踪作用 总被引：66，自引：4，他引：62
长江与黄河沉积物的稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）组成特征不同。长江沉积物ＲＥＥ含量较高,元素含量变化也大于黄河样品;球粒陨石标准化模式表明长江沉积物的（Ｌａ／Ｌｕ）Ｎ、（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ、（Ｇｄ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ的值也相应地比黄河沉积物中的高１０％左右,分布曲线均呈明显的石倾状,轻重稀土分馏明显,相对富集ＬＲＥＥ。且长江样品比黄河样品更富集ＬＲＥＥ,但Ｅｕ亏损不及黄河样品;两者的北美页岩标准化曲线均呈平坦稍右倾状,具有 相似文献
18.
山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
面对当前严峻的资源环境与生态压力,习近平总书记提出了山水林田湖草生命共同体的理念,截至2019年底全国共开展了25个山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点。虽然已有工作取得了一定成效,但也存在保护修复目标不明确、整体性与系统性不足、人工干预的工程措施过度、缺乏动态监测评价、难以实现人与自然和谐共生等诸多问题。鉴此,本研究在梳理景观生态学、恢复生态学相关理论,基于自然的解决方案、适应性管理、社会-经济-自然复合生态系统以及生态系统服务等相关理念的基础上,构建了包含有区域(省)、景观、生态系统以及子项目4个层次的山水林田湖草生态保护修复技术框架,并提出了项目实施全程监测管理的技术要求,以期为推进山水林田湖草生命共同体的整体保护、系统修复、综合治理提供理论与技术支撑。 相似文献
19.
在气候变化和人类活动日趋增强的影响下,同一流域往往面临着水资源、水环境、水生态和水沙等多种水问题,且干旱和洪涝等极端事件发生的频率日渐增强;系统治理及减缓极值化,成为流域综合治理关键任务,而提升流域对水循环多过程的调节能力则是其关键。在对中国水问题发展形势进行研判的基础上,系统剖析了传统治水模式中强调“状态改变”、“末端治理”、“过程分离”等的不足;明晰了变化环境下水问题系统治理的总体需求和生态海绵智慧流域建设的总体思路;提出了生态海绵智慧流域建设的总体技术框架和若干关键问题。生态海绵智慧流域建设将充分遵循水循环多过程的演变规律,规范人类水土资源开发活动,实现地表-土壤-地下多过程、水量-水质-泥沙-水生态的联合调控,最大限度实现“去极值化”,建设健全流域的综合服务功能,保育“山水林田湖”生命体功能。 相似文献
20.
Investigation of lake drying attributed to climate change 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
M. Abbaspour A. H. Javid S. A. Mirbagheri F. Ahmadi Givi P. Moghimi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(2):257-266
In recent decades, climate change has been of great concern due to its effect on water level and its impact on aquatic ecosystems. Urmia Lake, the largest inland wetland in Iran, has been shrinking. There is a great concern whether it will dry up like the Aral Sea. Therefore, a hydrodynamic model has been developed to simulate the condition of Urmia Lake. The model has been validated using the known annual data on precipitation, evaporation, run off, river discharges and water level which are available for the last 35?years. Different hydrological conditions regarding lake input and output data were tested and water depth was calculated using bathymetry to predict water-level fluctuations in the future. The results predict that the water level will decrease continuously. The lake will be dried up in about 10?years if very dry conditions continue in the region. The drought speed cannot be reduced and there is no potential to develop a water-usage program. Besides, the lake water depth decrease is more slightly, applying alternate wet and dry-period conditions. In some hydrological conditions there is a good potential to consider water development projects. The sensitivity analysis of different parameters indicates that the lake is highly sensitive to river discharges, which implies that the water development project plans will disturb the lake ecosystem if implemented up to 2021 and integrated watershed management plan for the lake can change the condition by regulating the dam output. 相似文献