共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
气候变化在世界范围内产生重要影响,其中之一即海平面变化。观测记录表明全球平均海平面在21世纪以来呈现加速上升趋势,海平面上升引发一系列的海岸带灾害,影响沿海地区的社会经济发展。本文回顾了海平面变化研究的前沿动态,介绍了海平面观测的不同手段及其特点,分别从全球、区域和中国几个空间尺度阐述了海平面变化事实的最新研究进展及我们的研究成果,给出了中国沿海全海域及各海区海平面的长期变化趋势,并在此基础上对未来海平面的变化幅度进行了预测,给出了全球和中国近海及沿海未来不同时期的海平面上升预测值,对沿海地区科学应对气候变化及海平面上升影响有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
2.
根据目前的研究,未来大气CO_2:和其它温室效应气体的继续增加,势必造成全球气候进一步变暖和海平面较大幅度的上升。海平面的上升将给海岸带工业、农业、渔业、航运及城市建设造成严重影响,因而受到了社会各方面的密切关注。目前我国对未来海面变化的预测尚处于准备阶段,因此有必要介绍一下国外有关未来海面上升预测的方法和成果。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
在中－加地调讨论会上，加拿大的Donald L Forbes博士讲述了“海平面上升和气候变化以及对海岸带的影响”。作者结合讲课内容以及中国东部的一些海平面变化情况写成该文。海平面变化与气候变化密切相关。12000aBP以来，海平面以上升为主，约上升了60m，但近6000年以来，海平面处于高位震荡状态。近百年来，由于二氧化碳等气体的温室效应等原因，海平面以上升为主。海的相对升降，对海岸带的发展演化以及人类的生产活动有重要影响，应引起高度重视，做好预防和减灾工作。 相似文献
6.
基于GIS技术,利用黄河三角洲SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)卫星的DEM数字高程数据,Landsat影像和风险评估模型,制作相应专题图,并进行海平面上升风险评估。随着海平面上升,黄河三角洲的风险值和风险等级都随之增大,黄河口镇和仙河镇是最危险的乡镇。考虑抗灾能力后,黄河三角洲的海平面上升风险度降低,说明海岸防护是十分重要的。最后参考黄河三角洲海平面风险评估结果,提出黄河三角洲海平面上升的防灾对策与措施。 相似文献
7.
海岸带综合管理技术和信息系统研究是改变海岸带传统的管理方式,形成科学的综合管理制度的技术体系。技术主要是针对环境的丧失、水质的下降、水文循环中的变化、海岸带资源的枯竭、海平面上升等长期海岸带管理问题,以海岸带管理科学为基础,借鉴国际先进经验,研究适合本国特色的海岸带综合管理模式,包括理论、方法、机制、法规等。 该课题是“海岸带资源环境利用关键技术研究”项目的重要组成部分,其研究成果将推进我国海岸带综合管理工作的现代化、科学化,实 相似文献
8.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(3)
华南沿海的全新世海岸带碳酸盐胶结岩研究在成因、分类方面一直存有许多争议,并导致了对古海平面、构造升降、古气候等研究意义的诸多争议。本文通过成岩特征研究,将华南沿海的全新世海岸带碳酸盐胶结岩分为四类:海滩岩、砂丘岩、贝壳堤岩和硬壳灰岩,并对深圳西冲海滩岩、汕头广澳砂丘岩、韩江三角洲贝壳堤岩和海山岛硬壳灰岩等4个典型露头进行详细研究。在此基础上对这四类海岸带碳酸盐胶结岩的意义进行讨论,认为海滩岩在古海平面、海岸带演化和古气候方面具有重要研究意义,贝壳堤岩也具有古海平面(在某些条件下)和海岸线变迁的研究意义,而砂丘岩和硬壳灰岩在这些方面的研究意义较弱。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
布容法则及其在中国海岸上的应用 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
布容（Ｂｒｕｕｎ）法则是预测海平面上升引起海岸侵蚀最早的方法也是最简单的方法。根据中国砂质和淤泥质海岸的情况,布容法则可定性地解释海平面上升与海岸侵蚀的关系,在满足它要求条件的海岸地段和发育时期,用它预测海岸侵蚀或许是可能的。但是,若不严格审查海岸环境和条件,把它作为海平面上升情况预测海岸侵蚀的普遍模式,有待更多的研究加以证明。 相似文献
12.
Assessment and management of coastal multi-hazard vulnerability along the Cuddalore-Villupuram, east coast of India using geospatial techniques 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The current study area is coastal zone of Cuddalore, Pondicherry and Villupuram districts of the Tamil Nadu along the southeast coast of India. This area is experiencing threat from many disasters such as storm, cyclone, flood, tsunami and erosion. This was one of the worst affected area during 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and during 2008 Nisha cyclone. The multi-hazard vulnerability maps prepared here are a blended and combined overlay of multiple hazards those affecting the coastal zone. The present study aims to develop a methodology for coastal multi-hazard vulnerability assessment. This study was carried out using parameters probability of maximum storm surge height during the return period (mean recurrence interval), future sea level rise, coastal erosion and high resolution coastal topography with the aid of the Remote Sensing and GIS tools. The assessment results were threatening 3.46 million inhabitants from 129 villages covering a coastal area 360 km2 under the multi-hazard zone. In general river systems act as the flooding corridors which carrying larger and longer hinterland inundation. Multi-hazard Vulnerability maps were further reproduced as risk maps with the land use information. These risk caused due to multi-hazards were assessed up to building levels. The decision-making tools presented here can aid as critical information during a disaster for the evacuation process and to evolve a management strategy. These Multi-hazard vulnerability maps can also be used as a tool in planning a new facility and for insurance purpose. 相似文献
13.
14.
因气候变暖导致的海平面上升是全球面临的海洋问题。为加强海南岛的海洋防灾减灾工作,保障其沿海地区的生态环境和经济社会发展,文章在调查评估的基础上,分析海平面上升对海南岛沿海地区的影响,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:我国沿海海平面总体呈波动上升趋势,海南岛沿海海平面的上升速率居全国之首;海平面上升对海南岛沿海地区的影响主要包括淹没滨海低地和减小旅游区沙滩面积,加重风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵和土壤盐渍化、洪涝的灾害程度以及影响海岸防护设施等方面;在海南岛沿海地区发展中,应充分考虑海平面上升的因素,加强灾害风险抵御能力建设、城市科学规划、海平面观测和监测以及受损岸线整治修复等工作。 相似文献
15.
If the rising sea level due to climate change proceeds in the future with the rate observed in the past four decades, it could inundate some coastal lowlands. The aim of this paper is to assess future risk of sea-level rise (SLR) on the Nile delta of Egypt located along the Mediterranean Sea. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are verified, against ground control points, and used to identify areas susceptible to inundation due to future SLR. Analysis of DEMs maps and cross-shore profiles has identified locations that are vulnerable to SLR including coastal wetlands, agriculture areas, and urban neighborhoods. The results have revealed that about 7% of the Nile delta area is at risk of inundation due to future SLR. This information could be used by coastal zone managers in planning and protection of coastal areas. 相似文献
16.
相对海平面上升对中国沿海地区的可能影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文论述了相对海平面变化研究的重要性,并在IPCC提供的全球海平面变化背景值之上,给出中国未来几十年相对海平面变化的预测值。中国大河三角洲地区未来几十年相对海平面皆呈上升趋势,但幅度不同。因此,充分认识相对海平面上升将导致的危害就显得极为重要和迫切。相对海平面上升将对中国沿海地区产生以下影响：(1)导致海岸侵蚀,扩大侵蚀范围;(2)风暴潮强度与频率增加：(3)沿海低地与湿地被淹没;(4)海水入侵加剧,范围扩大,水资源和水环境遭到破坏;(5)防汛工程功能降低,洪涝灾害加剧。因此,沿海地区政府决策应考虑未来相对海平面变化的影响。 相似文献
17.
海平面上升对中国沿海地区影响初析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近五十年来中国沿岸海平面变化总的呈上升趋势，年变率平均为１．４ｍｍ／ａ，中国沿岸地形复杂，未来海平面上升可能影响的主要脆弱区为黄河、长江和珠江三大三角洲和滨海平原，其可能受害区域估计达３５０００ｋｍ＾２。影响中国沿岸相对海平面上升的主要因素有：近代地壳垂直运动和地面沉降，台风和风暴潮，海岸侵蚀和海咸水入侵等。 相似文献
18.
采用1984年8月28日19时—29日24时黄浦江米市;渡至吴淞口水位和流量资料,根据描述河道中水流非恒定流动的Saini-Venant方程组,建立了模拟黄浦江潮位和潮量特征变化的数值模式。考虑未来海平面上升,预测了黄浦江潮位和潮量的变化及对周围环境的影响。计算结果表明,随着海平面的上升,黄浦江潮位相应增加,高潮位的上升值大于海平面上升值;低潮位的上升值小于海平面上升值,潮差增大。在同一海平面上升值下,潮差增量由下游向上游渐渐增大,随着海平面的上升,涨潮量和落潮量都相应增加。 相似文献
19.
Expansion of economic activities, urbanisation, increased resource use and population growth are continuously increasing the vulnerability of the coastal zone. This vulnerability is now further raised by the threat of climate change and accelerated sea level rise. The potentially severe impacts force policy-makers to also consider long-term planning for climate change and sea level rise. For reasons of efficiency and effectiveness this long-term planning should be integrated with existing short-term plans, thus creating an Integrated Coastal Zone Management programme.As a starting point for coastal zone management, the assessment of a country's or region's vulnerability to accelerated sea level rise is of utmost importance. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has developed a common methodology for this purpose. Studies carried out according to this Common Methodology have been compared and combined, from which general conclusions on local, regional and global vulnerability have been drawn, the latter in the form of a Global Vulnerability Assessment.In order to address the challenge of coping with climate change and accelerated sea level rise, it is essential to foresee the possible impacts, and to take precautionary action. Because of the long lead times needed for creating the required technical and institutional infrastructures, such action should be taken in the short term. Furthermore, it should be part of a broader coastal zone management and planning context. This will require a holistic view, shared by the different institutional levels that exist, along which different needs and interests should be balanced. 相似文献
20.
Visualising coastal zone inundation is crucial for both a quick assessment of coastal vulnerability and a full understanding of possible implications to population, infrastructure and environment. This study presents a simple but effective method of assessing the spatial extent of coastal zone inundation due to predicted sea level rise using commonly available elevation and image data as well as GIS software. The method is based on the geometrical principle of matching the raised sea level with the corresponding elevation contour line on land. Results for a test area along the south-west coast of Western Australia (∼200 km of coast line) show that a sea level rise of less than 0.5 m over the 21st century will have only minor impact but will become important when added to an extreme sea level event (e.g. storm surge). Both century-scale (∼0.5 m) based on tide gauge records and larger (>few metres) longer-term sea level rise predictions based on the melt of ice covered areas show essentially the same areas that are most vulnerable. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by the detection of areas that can be protected by relatively small flood protective structures at river and estuary entrances, thus providing valuable information for policy makers and local councils. 相似文献