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海洋渔业是世界上多数沿海国家的一项既传统又古老的生产活动,但是由于海洋渔业的特点和风险的特殊性,造成海洋渔业保险工作很难开展。海洋渔业在我国国民经济中一直占据重要地位,海水产品产业占渔业总比重60%,但是因海洋渔业自身特点,海洋渔业保险的风险相较于一般渔业保险风险更大。改革开放至今,我国的海洋渔业商业保险从鼎盛期萎缩到部分商业保险公司已经退出当地渔业保险市场的程度。因此,就海洋渔业互助保险发展的实际情况来看,国家政策和政府补给应该是其中坚力量,构建符合我国国情的海洋渔业互助保险制度是有效化解现存矛盾的重要手段。文章通过结合具有代表性的我国舟山市远洋渔业互助保险实施中遇到的渔民群体对部分险种的有效了解不足、海洋渔业互助保险业务因保费补贴缺位的原因导致发展规模受限、巨灾风险分散机制缺失,政策扶持力度亟须加强等实际问题,提出我国政府在完善海洋渔业互助保险方面的优化建议即加强专业人才培养、加强我国政策支持的力度和实施政策性再保险。 相似文献
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为发展我国海洋渔业经济,促进海洋渔业资源的开发利用和渔业产业结构的优化升级,文章基于灰色关联分析,研究我国海洋渔业产业结构,并提出相应建议。研究结果表明:我国海洋渔业产业发展不平衡,第一产业占比较大;产量和产值保持平稳较快增长,海水养殖业和第三产业发展较快;与海洋渔业发展的关联程度由大到小依次为水产品加工业、海洋捕捞业、海水养殖业、休闲渔业;未来我国海洋渔业应大力发展远洋捕捞和海水养殖、科学延伸水产品加工产业链、促进渔业科技进步以及积极推动休闲渔业的发展,促进形成"三、二、一"型的产业结构。 相似文献
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海洋渔业产业是海洋经济的重要组成部分,不仅有效保障全球水产品供给,而且关乎各国国家经济和外交利益。近年来主要海洋国家纷纷加大对海洋渔业产业的投入力度,全球海洋渔业产业面临深刻变化。文章从全球视角总结现阶段海洋渔业发展特点,系统梳理海洋渔业在全球的生产、贸易、消费格局,深入研究海洋渔业领域的全球对外投资趋势;分析得出海洋渔业领域国际投资规模持续增加,发达国家是主要投资国,新兴国家开始加大对外投资力度以及投资领域、投资主体呈现多元化等结论;最后从全球海洋渔业产业发展和投资趋势中总结经验,为我国海洋渔业产业的可持续发展提出对策,以促进我国海洋渔业产业的转型升级。 相似文献
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在我国,因海洋与渔业灾害导致每年损失过百亿元人民币,海洋渔业灾害破坏力强,给整个海洋经济带来巨大的损失,对我国经济社会发展和人民生命财产安全也会造成极大的危害,所以我国急需建立海洋与渔业灾害防范和救助体系。政府在海洋灾害风险防范与救助体系中作用巨大,文章主要从政府机构的视角探讨了构建我国海洋与渔业灾害风险防范体系的问题。分别从法律制度建设、保险体系构建、组织机构保障、约束激励机制和基础建设投入等方面阐述了政府机构应当采取的行动,进一步明确了现阶段我国政府机构在海洋与渔业灾害风险防范体系构建中扮演的角色和重要地位。 相似文献
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水产品出口贸易在我国农产品对外贸易中占有重要地位,然而中美贸易摩擦已经在一定程度上影响到我国水产品的出口。文章以水产品出口额增长率作为警情指标,通过时差相关分析和均数原则分别确定警兆指标和警情区间,构建了我国水产品出口贸易风险预警指标体系。根据各警兆指标的特点采用ARIMA模型、线性回归等方法对警兆指标进行预测,将所得预测值同历史数据相结合,建立双隐层3层BP神经网络。在此基础上对我国水产品未来风险进行了系统预警,并将预测值和实际值对比,得出预测值准确性良好,未来3年我国水产品出口贸易将面临较大的风险,出口额持续下跌,需做重度防范。最后针对预警结果提出了促进水产品出口结构转型和质量标准体系建设,逐步扩大水产品国内销售市场并培育多元化国际新兴市场,政府要积极协助,水产行业和协会要强化自身作用等建议。 相似文献
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为应对海洋渔业发展新挑战,促进渔业经济与生态环境协同发展,践行全面协调可持续发展要求。文章基于2009—2019年我国沿海省(自治区、直辖市)数据,运用包含生态环境的随机前沿生产函数、泰尔指数分别量化我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率及其地区差异与变化程度,并对其影响因素进行回归分析。结果表明：(1)2009—2019年我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率呈现逐年上升的趋势,但整体水平仍不高,随着海洋渔业绿色生产效率水平的逐步提升,其增长率呈下降趋势;(2)泰尔指数逐年降低,表明我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率的区域差异正逐渐缩小;(3)海洋渔业经济总产值占地区GDP比重、海洋捕捞产量占海水产品产量比重、渔业从业人员专业化程度、水产技术推广经费对我国海洋渔业绿色生产效率产生显著的正向影响,水产品因污染造成损失产生负向影响。据此提出加强海洋资源监测、强化海洋渔业科技支撑、转变渔业发展模式等对策建议。 相似文献
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海洋渔业标准化在线信息集成服务与推广平台关键技术分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋信息》2018,(4)
分析了目前海洋渔业标准信息服务平台存在的问题,提出了集标准体系、标准信息、标准验证、标准化示范推广、标准化培训、科技成果的转化和推广、水产品品牌评价与宣传推广、水产品追溯等服务功能于一体的海洋渔业标准化在线信息集成服务与推广平台的整体架构,阐述了平台服务内容之间的关系,讨论了海洋渔业标准体系构建理论、基于自然语言理解的海洋渔业标准内容分析、多模态海洋渔业标准大数据管理、海洋渔业标准大数据分析与可视化、海洋渔业科技成果转化推荐、海洋渔业标准培训效果评价等平台关键支撑技术,为平台的建设和相关领域的技术研究提供了重要的参考。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献