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在充分调查万州区地质环境及滑坡灾害基本特征的基础上,根据资料的有效性和可获得性,选取地表高程、坡度、地层岩性、地质构造、土地利用类型、区域交通建设及河流侵蚀冲刷7个影响滑坡发生的因素作为评价指标,采用AHP法确定各个指标权重并建立滑坡灾害危险性指数模型,通过GIS系统的空间分析功能进行栅格运算,得出研究区滑坡灾害危险性分区。采用上述指标和方法将重庆市万州区的滑坡灾害划分为极高危险区、高危险区、中危险区、低危险区和极低危险区,划分结果符合该区滑坡灾害的实际情况。 相似文献
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为了弥补滑坡灾害危险性区划研究中影响因子和等级划分的不确定性,结合前人研究成果,依据斜坡几何形态、岩性、地质构造、河流侵蚀、土地利用类型、人类工程活动、降水条件等影响因子与研究区实际已发生的滑坡灾害数之间的关系,编制重庆市万州区滑坡灾害危险性评价标准,并基于GIS技术和信息量模型法,计算滑坡评价因子的信息量,就万州区滑坡危险性进行区划,最后基于乡镇行政区对该区滑坡危险性区划进行细化。结果表明：建设用地、坡高为90～200 m的地形、1 024～1 060 mm的年降雨量以及侏罗系中统上沙溪庙组岩层等因素对万州区滑坡发生影响较大;根据滑坡灾害危险性评价标准,万州区滑坡灾害被划分为高、中、低、极低等4个危险区;应用信息量模型法得到的万州区滑坡危险性区划与实际情况比较吻合;高危险区和中危险区面积分别为564.4 km2和848.6 km2,分别占万州区总面积的16.3%和24.5%,主要分布于长江干流及支流两岸的居民相对集中区以及公路干线地段;高危险和中危险乡镇主要分布在万州区经济较为发达的长江干流两岸,尤其是左岸的黄柏乡、太龙镇、天城镇、李河镇等以及万州主城区。 相似文献
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三峡库区重庆市丰都县滑坡灾害危险性评价 总被引：6，自引：10，他引：6
在对三峡库区丰都县滑坡灾害调查和统计分析的基础上,初步概括了滑坡灾害的分布特征和主要影响因素,进而利用综合信息模型评价了丰都县滑坡灾害的危险性,将丰都县滑坡灾害的危险性划分为高危险区、中危险区、低危险区和基本安全区4个等级。其中,高危险区和中危险区分别占全县总面积的2.6%和23.2%,主要分布在长江干流及其支流两岸的居民相对集中区,不同规模的滑坡灾害经常发生,因此潜在危害也很大;低危险区占全县总面积的47.5%,偶有小规模的滑坡灾害发生;基本安全区占全县总面积的25.5%,在人为因素的诱发下可能偶有小规模的滑坡灾害发生,适合于大型工程建设和城镇居民点建设。 相似文献
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危险性评价是滑坡灾害预防与减灾工作首要解决的重要内容.在地理信息系统技术支持下, 以山地灾害频发区——小江流域作为研究对象, 选取坡度、土体粘聚力和内摩擦角这3个评价指标构建滑坡危险性分级评价指标体系, 将投影寻踪技术运用到滑坡危险性等级评价中, 对评价样本的各指标因素进行线性投影, 以最优投影方向所对应的投影特征值作为评价依据, 建立了滑坡危险性等级综合评价模型, 绘制了滑坡危险性等级分布图.结果表明: 研究区极高危险区、高危险区、中等危险区、低危险区和极低危险区的面积比例为14.28∶9.41∶69.12∶7.00∶0.19;根据所建立的5级评价指标体系对研究区60个土质滑坡点资料进行了验证, 在占研究区总面积23.69%的高、极高危险区的小范围内, 实际发生土质滑坡数量45个, 占总土质滑坡数量的75.00%;中等危险性级别以上区域拥有的土质滑坡数量占全部土质滑坡的96.67%;不同危险性级别的滑坡体积方量统计结果表明, 滑坡体积方量密度随危险性级别的提高而迅速增加.对比评价结果及实测结果可知, 投影寻踪分级结果符合实际情况, 证实了该方法的正确性, 为滑坡危险性评价提供了一条新思路. 相似文献
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安康市滑坡崩塌频繁发生,对当地造成了不可估量的损失。以安康市地震小区划为依托,对当地滑坡地质灾害的易发性进行研究。在研究区进行野外踏勘和搜集资料的基础上,借助magis和arcgis平台强大的绘图、分析功能,运用层次分析法对滑坡灾害因子进行加权叠加计算,绘制滑坡灾害危险性区划图。区划结果分为四个等级：无危险区、低危险区、中危险区、高危险区。无危险区、低危险区滑坡灾害易发性较低,为适宜城市规划和项目实施工作地带,中危险区、高危险区则要加以治理以减少滑坡地质灾害对居民生命和财产的威胁。 相似文献
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赵伯驹李宁幸夫诚向晗 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2023,(5):32-42
文章以德格县为研究区,以7 m DEM进行地形分析处理,并结合相关调查数据建立了德格县滑坡灾害数据库,通过选取的地震峰值加速度、断裂带、水系、坡度、坡向、高程、岩性等7个指标,在GIS技术支持下,利用信息量模型(I)、层次分析法模型(AHP)、确定性系数模型(CF)相互耦合对研究区灾害敏感性评价,再分析得到活动频率因素对研究区全县域进行危险性评价,将得到的结果分成4个区域,分别为高危险区、较高危险区、中危险区、低危险区,其中高、较高危险区占总面积2.23%。其中,滑坡灾害占总灾害的42%。评价结果与实际调查结果符合程度较高,能够为该地域未进行实地调查的地方进行相关滑坡灾害的预测预报,并对安全防治提供技术支持,亦可以为其他地区滑坡灾害危险性评价提供理论指导和技术参考。 相似文献
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针对崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等灾种齐全的高山峡谷区,选取四川省阿坝县为研究区,采用多灾种耦合的评价思路,开展地质灾害危险性精细化评价。崩塌、滑坡等斜坡类灾害危险性评价以栅格为评价单元,泥石流灾害危险性评价以流域为评价单元。基于信息量模型和层次分析法,分别开展危险性评价,进而采用取大值的方法,获取研究区综合地质灾害危险性评价结果。研究表明,工作区综合地质灾害极高危险区、高危险区面积明显大于单灾种评价结果,极高危险区、高危险区主要位于崩塌、滑坡较发育的碎裂岩区域和极度易发的泥石流流域。针对高山峡谷区地质灾害危险性评价,多灾种耦合的评价思路能更合理的反映不同类型灾害在形态及空间上的差异,获取更精确的危险性评价结果。 相似文献
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采用层次分析法,选取了地层岩性、地质构造、地形地貌、河流、植被、降雨量和人类活动7个一级指标,以及工程地质岩组、地震密度、地震动峰值加速度、坡度、坡向、河流、植被覆盖度、年降水量和公路9个二级指标,通过构建层次结构、构造判断矩阵、层次单排序和一致性检验,确定各评价指标权重。并利用GIS空间分析功能,对各个评价因子进行综合评价,得到陕西省地震次生地质灾害危险性等级区划图。最后,对评价结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:1)陕西省地震次生地质灾害危险性等级可以划分为不危险区、低危险区、中危险区和高危险区4个等级,其中不危险区面积39766.99km~2,低危险区面积74284.39km~2,中危险区面积63636.89km~2,高危险区面积27652.87km~2,所占比例分别为19.37%,36.18%,30.99%和13.47%;2)危险性等级自北而南逐渐增加,陕北黄土高原地震次生地质灾害以中低危险为主,关中渭河平原整体危险性较小,陕南秦巴山地高危区面积最大,高危险区主要分布在陕南秦巴山地和陕北黄土高原地区,尤其是秦巴山地,需要重点防控;3)危险区空间分布具有相对集中性和局地差异性的特点;4)所选取灾害点样本的分布与危险性等级区划具有一致性,86.62%的灾害点落在危险区内,具有一定的可信度,达到了预期的区划效果。 相似文献
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文章以MAPGIS6.7、MORPAS3.0和Geodas 4.0软件为平台,综合应用信息量法、证据权法和模糊证据权法,采用两级混合的预测方法对玉林—铁山港公路沿线崩塌、滑坡地质灾害进行了危险性区划,共划分为高度危险性区、中高度危险性区、中度危险性区和轻度危险性区4级。预测结果显示:研究区崩塌、滑坡灾害危险性级主要为轻度危险等级。中高度—高度危险区范围较小,且主要分布于研究区中北部AK51、AK60~AK65和AK95~AK105路段;上述区段水系发育,沟谷较多,山坡陡峻,岩土体结构多具中厚层状坚硬、较坚硬砂岩、粉砂岩、砂砾岩夹软质泥岩、页岩岩组特征,断裂构造发育,地表残坡积层厚度大,结构松散,夏季暴雨频发,崩塌、滑坡灾害条件基本具备,易于形成和诱发;因此,应重点加强上述区段的灾害监测和防治工作。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献