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1.
青藏高原龙木错-双湖板块缝合带闭合的年代学证据——来自果干加年山蛇绿岩与流纹岩Ar-Ar和SHRIMP年龄制约 总被引：23，自引：5，他引：23
青藏高原龙木错-双湖板块缝合带从碰撞缝合何时转为羌塘盆地的沉积基底并接受沉积,一直受到地学界密切关注。羌塘中部的果干加年山主脊首次发现未变质的沉积岩以角度不整合覆盖于蛇绿混杂岩岩之上,上覆地层底部流纹岩夹层锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为214±4Ma,为沉积盖层提供了可靠的年龄依据;不整合面之下强烈变形的阳起片岩(变质玄武岩)中阳起石Ar-Ar年龄为219.7±6.5Ma,与羌塘中部龙木错-双湖高压变质带获得的榴辉岩多硅白云母、蓝闪石等Ar-Ar变质年龄一致。Ar-Ar和SHRIMP定年结果表明该角度不整合的时限为220～214Ma之间。角度不整合上下岩石的定年研究,为龙木错-双湖缝合带的闭合提供了确切的时间约束:羌塘地区冈瓦纳与欧亚(扬子)板块在214Ma以前实现了闭合,古特提斯消亡,进入陆表海演化阶段。 相似文献
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藏北羌塘盆地望湖岭组流纹岩地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
羌塘中部果干加年山上三叠统望湖岭组作为龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带闭合最重要的沉积学证据已被广泛认知,但是望湖岭组中流纹岩的岩石成因至今尚未得到很好的解释。全岩地球化学分析表明,该流纹岩高硅、富碱、富铝,属钙碱性过铝质流纹岩;富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,LREE/HREE=6.39~7.72,具明显的Eu负异常,富集Rb、Th、U和K,亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr,强烈亏损P和Ti,具有后碰撞火山岩的特点。综合区域地质资料,龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带于晚三叠世碰撞拼合,初步认为该流纹岩可能是岩石圈碰撞加厚之后减压过程中岩浆活动的产物,形成于后碰撞环境的应力松弛阶段。 相似文献
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羌塘中部高压变质带的形成过程 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
羌塘中部高压变质带由榴辉岩、石榴石白云母片岩和蓝片岩等组成,与蛇绿混杂岩、晚古生代浅变质地层岩片等共同构成了龙木错-双湖板块缝合带这一构造混杂岩带,是伴随古特提斯洋闭合的深俯冲作用及后期构造作用的产物。通过对其野外地质特征、不同岩石类型岩石学、矿物学以及同位素年代学等的研究,确认榴辉岩和石榴石白云母片岩在早期分别经历了各自的形成过程,在榴辉岩形成之后的折返过程中二者共同构成了高压变质带,并且在折返过程中榴辉岩发生蓝片岩相退变质作用,同时导致了带内蓝片岩的形成。同位素年代学研究结果表明,龙木错-双湖板块缝合带闭合过程中的榴辉岩相变质作用发生于240Ma左右,折返过程中的蓝片岩相退变质作用及蓝片岩的形成应在220～200Ma,高压变质带最终在214Ma之前抬升出露地表。 相似文献
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青藏高原龙木错-双湖板块缝合带与羌塘古特提斯洋演化记录 总被引：27，自引：17，他引：27
龙木错-双湖缝合带、西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带和昆仑-秦岭缝合带是青藏高原上3条主要的晚三叠世板块缝合带,目前的研究资料表明后2条缝合带不具备冈瓦纳北界的基本要素。简要介绍了龙木错-双湖缝合带中有关古特提斯洋存在的基本事实,即早古生代洋壳残片、二叠纪蛇绿岩、泥盆纪—二叠纪放射虫硅质岩、各类不同性质的增生岩片、2种类型的构造混杂岩带和蛇绿混杂岩盖层体系的时代与性质等,已有的资料初步确定羌塘古特提斯洋盆演化的时限为晚泥盆世到晚三叠世。认为龙木错-双湖缝合带是青藏高原上古特提斯洋消亡的主要场所,是恢复和反演青藏高原早期形成演化的最重要的窗口,也是地学界几十年关注的冈瓦纳大陆的北界。 相似文献
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那底岗日组主要为一套中酸性火山岩、火山碎屑岩,夹砂砾岩的岩石组合,主要分布在藏北羌塘中部地区,龙木错-双湖缝合带的北侧。对那底岗日组底部安山岩进行锆石SHRIMP测年,时代为219±4Ma,确定那底岗日组火山岩早期喷发时间为晚三叠世而不是早侏罗世,与龙木错-双湖一线的低温高压变质带的时代基本一致。结合区域地质资料,那底岗日组火山岩可能形成于板块消减的火山弧构造环境,为龙木错-双湖缝合带晚三叠世向北俯冲消减的产物。 相似文献
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藏北羌塘中部冈玛错—日湾茶卡地区下石炭统望果山组的建立及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
望果山组是发育在龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带内的一套早石炭世基性—酸性火山岩沉积地层,以火山角砾岩、火山凝灰岩、安山岩及流纹岩为主,夹少量玄武岩,具有多旋回式喷发的特点,被下石炭统日湾茶卡组整合覆盖,总体为一套近火山口相的海相火山岩沉积地层,表现出扬子型地层的亲缘性。在青山梁地区获得的望果山组安山岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为350Ma±1Ma,结合下石炭统日湾茶卡组砂岩碎屑锆石的最年轻年龄峰值(362Ma),认为望果山组应形成于早石炭世杜内阶。望果山组的建立对龙木错—双湖构造地层区地层系统的完善,以及探讨龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋的演化历史等具有重要的地质意义。 相似文献
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藏北双湖鄂柔地区变质岩和玄武岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄及其意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在藏北龙木错—双湖缝合带东段双湖鄂柔地区,获得绿泥阳起石片岩中阳起石矿物的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为(235·9±2·6)Ma和枕状玄武岩中蚀变辉石斑晶的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为(232·5±2·4)Ma,两个年龄具有极好的一致性,记录了中三叠世晚期—晚三叠世早期沿龙木错—双湖缝合带发生俯冲碰撞作用的构造-热事件。羌塘地区中三叠世晚期—晚三叠世早期的俯冲碰撞造山事件使得龙木错—双湖缝合带及其以北的大部分地区(即北羌塘盆地)转变为前陆盆地,区域上三叠统底部不整合面和底砾岩的发育是碰撞造山作用地质记录的重要标志。绿泥阳起石片岩的原岩主要为富含玄武岩的火山-沉积岩系,绿泥阳起石片岩和蚀变枕状玄武岩具有Ti O2、P2O5、MgO含量较高和LREE富集型、无Eu异常,以及“大隆起”微量元素配分模式和富集Nb、Ta、Ti元素等地球化学特征,显示为较典型的洋岛型碱性玄武岩性质。 相似文献
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西藏羌塘增生杂岩带内中—晚三叠世碳酸盐岩地层的发现及大地构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
羌塘中央增生(变质)杂岩带地层的解体有助于厘定龙木错—双湖缝合带和古特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞的时空演化过程。长期以来,该缝合带三叠纪地层研究薄弱,已有认识缺乏与洋陆俯冲古地理格局的联系。蓝岭高压变质带北侧3个露头中新发现一套中—晚三叠世台地相碳酸盐岩夹细碎屑岩、硅质岩沉积组合,它们以断块状叠置于中二叠世蛇绿混杂岩之上,内部层理近水平状,层序并未倒转,但顶底不全。依据岩性组合、相对层厚和化石分布,将层序较完整的西南侧岩块大致划分出三个沉积亚相:局限台地相、开阔台地相和台地边缘礁相。边缘礁相砾屑、生屑灰岩中含丰富的六射珊瑚化石,已鉴定出的珊瑚总计6属1种,分别为Conophyllia sp.,Omphalopylliasp.,Coryphylliasp.,Pamirastraeasp.,Margarophylliacf.capitata,和Craspedophylliasp.,指示地层时代为中三叠世拉丁期—晚三叠世诺利期。通过对羌塘盆地中—上三叠统的对比,发现北羌塘地体、中央增生杂岩带和南羌塘地体分别发育不同的沉积体系。构造接触关系及地层特征综合显示蓝岭北侧的中上三叠统代表北羌塘活动大陆边缘的弧前沉积,具体类型为增生楔上叠盆地。结合区域内中上三叠统的产出背景和生物化石时代,推测古特提斯洋闭合于晚三叠世诺利期中期。 相似文献
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造山带内蛇绿混杂岩带结构与组成的精细研究可为古板块构造格局重建和古洋盆演化提供最直接证据。北山造山带内存在多条蛇绿混杂岩带,记录了古亚洲洋古生代以来的俯冲和闭合过程,然而其大地构造演化长期存在争议。红石山—百合山蛇绿混杂岩带位于北山造山带北部,主要由蛇绿(混杂)岩和增生杂岩组成,具典型的"块体裹夹于基质"的混杂岩结构特征,发育紧闭褶皱、无根褶皱、透入性面理和双重逆冲构造。蛇绿混杂岩带中岩块主要由超镁铁质-镁铁质岩(变质橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、异剥辉石岩、蛇纹岩)、辉长岩、玄武岩、斜长花岗岩、硅质岩等洋壳残块以及奥陶纪火山岩、灰岩等外来岩块组成,基质则主要为蛇纹岩、砂板岩及少量的绿帘绿泥片岩;在蛇绿混杂岩带北侧发育有台地相灰岩与深水浊积岩组成的沉积混杂块体,具滑塌堆积特征。蛇绿混杂岩带内发育三期构造变形,前两期为中深构造层次下形成的透入性变形,第三期为浅表层次的脆性变形,未形成区域性面理。空间上,由增生杂岩和蛇绿(混杂)岩组成的百合山蛇绿混杂岩带共同仰冲于绿条山组浊积岩之上,具有与红石山地区蛇绿混杂岩带相似的岩石组成、构造变形和时空结构特征。百合山蛇绿混杂岩带南侧发育同期的明水岩浆弧,由晚石炭世石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩以及白山组岛弧火山岩组成,其与百合山蛇绿混杂岩带共同构成了北山造山带北部石炭—二叠纪的沟-弧体系,指示了红石山—百合山洋盆向南俯冲的极性。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献