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1.
2010年5月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010年5月大气环流主要特征如下:北半球高纬度地区极涡呈偶极型,强度偏弱。中高纬度地区环流呈现五波型分布,东亚大槽的强度偏弱,位置偏西。西太平洋副热带高压呈东西向带状分布,脊线较常年偏北,副高西脊点西伸至印度洋一带。2010年5月全国平均气温为16.0℃,较常年偏高0.4℃。全国平均降水量为80.1 mm,较常年同期偏多13.4 mm。月内出现三次较强冷空气过程和三次沙尘天气过程。 相似文献
2.
2011年4月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2011年4月大气环流主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈现单极型,且偏向西半球,中高纬度地区环流呈现三波型分布,亚洲中高纬地区为一槽一脊形势。东亚大槽较常年同期偏强,西太平洋副热带高压明显偏弱,南支槽接近常年同期。2011年4月全国平均气温为11.3℃,较常年同期偏高1.0℃,西北地区大部气温明显偏高。4月全国平均降水量为21.4mm,较常年同期偏少22.4mm。月内共出现4次冷空气过程和4次沙尘天气过程,部分省（市、区）遭受强对流天气袭击。 相似文献
3.
2011年1月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2011年1月大气环流主要特征如下:北半球极涡中心位于北美北部,强度比常年同期偏弱.中高纬度地区环流呈现三波型分布,东亚大槽、北美槽强度偏弱,西欧槽接近常年同期,东亚锋区明显南压.南支槽位于90°E附近,强度与常年相当.西北太平洋副热带高压明显偏弱.1月主要气候特点:全国平均气温为-8.3℃,比常年同期(-5.9℃)偏低2.4℃,全国平均降水量为8.2 mm,比常年同期(12.1 mm)偏少3.9 mm.华北、黄淮等地区干旱持续发展,冷空气活动频繁,南方雨雪冰冻灾害严重.月内有3次中等强度冷空气及6次降水过程. 相似文献
4.
2013年4月大气环流特征为:北半球极涡呈绕极分布,强度接近常年;中高纬度呈4波型,东亚大槽较常年明显偏强;中低纬度地区南支槽和副热带高压强度都稍偏弱,不利于西南地区旱情的缓解。4月全国平均气温为11.0℃,与常年同期持平,东北地区气温异常偏低。全国平均降水量为43.2 mm,较常年同期偏少1.5 mm。月内我国共出现了2次冷空气过程,并伴有扬沙、浮尘甚至沙尘暴天气;南方地区共有3次大到暴雨过程,以4月29-30日过程强降雨范围最广、强度最强,其中江南、华南地区还伴随有明显的强对流活动。 相似文献
5.
2012年3月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2012年3月大气环流主要特征是:北半球极涡呈多极型分布,强度较常年同期略偏强;中高纬度环流呈4波型分布,中低纬地区南支槽略偏强,有利西南暖湿空气向我国的输送;西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱。3月全国平均气温为3.5℃,比常年同期(3.8℃)略偏低0.3℃。全国平均降水量为31.4 mm,较常年同期(28.9 mm)偏多8.7%。月内我国出现了3次主要的冷空气过程,北方出现今年首次沙尘天气过程,南方持续低温阴雨天气。 相似文献
6.
2010年4月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2010年4月大气环流主要特征如下:北半球极涡分布成偶极型,中高纬地区大气环流呈四波型分布,四个大槽的强度偏弱,南支槽接近多年平均位置,但强度偏弱。西太平洋副热带高压明显偏弱于常年。4月全国平均气温为9.1℃,较常年同期偏低1.2℃。全国平均降水量为56.1 mm,较常年同期偏多12.3 mm。月内,西南旱区多次出现降水过程,大部地区旱情缓解;此外我国共出现5次沙尘天气过程;部分省(市、区)遭受强对流天气袭击。 相似文献
7.
2010年6月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2010年6月大气环流主要特征如下:极涡呈两个中心分布并偏离极地;北支锋区偏北,冷空气偏北偏弱;欧亚中高纬度位势高度偏高;低纬度地区多波动;副热带高压偏西,强度偏强。2010年6月,全国平均降水量为95.0 mm接近常年同期,全国平均气温为20.5℃,较常年同期偏高1.0℃。月内南方地区出现持续性强降水过程,共有7次暴雨过程。东北、新疆部分地区出现罕见高温天气。河北、辽宁、山东、江苏等地遭受风雹灾害。 相似文献
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9.
2019年3月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2019年3月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈三波型分布,东亚槽偏东偏弱,导致弱冷空气频繁影响我国且路径偏东,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏强,南支槽强度较常年偏弱但短波活跃,与频繁南下的东路冷空气交汇造成江南华南降雨显著偏多。3月全国平均气温为5.6℃,较常年同期（4.1℃）偏高1.5℃;全国平均降水量为30.0 mm,接近常年同期（29.5 mm）。月内我国出现1次全国强冷空气过程;南方地区有7次区域性暴雨天气过程;北方地区有1次沙尘天气过程;3月强对流天气过程频繁,江西、广东、广西、湖南等省(区)多地遭受风雹袭击。 相似文献
10.
2010年10月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010年10月大气环流特征是:北半球高纬度地区存在两个极涡中心,强度偏弱;中高纬呈现4波型,其中乌拉尔山高压脊偏强,对应大片40 gpm的正距平区;副高强度偏弱.全国平均气温为10.1℃,比常年同期(9.6℃)偏高0.5℃.全国平均降水量为42.6 mm,比常年同期(37.0 mm)偏多15.1%.月内我国主要天气事... 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献