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渤海古沙漠沉积特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据世界沙漠的分布特点和沙漠的发育条件,作者认为晚更新世末期渤海气候干冷,雨量稀少,西北风强盛,松散沉积物丰富,具备发育沙漠的条件.文章从以下方面证明渤海古沙漠的存在:(1)渤海约有四分之一区域为残留砂沉积;(2)在全新世盖层下的更新世砂质沉积具有高倾角的前积纹层;(3)渤海东南缘陆地和岛屿有古渤海沙漠衍生黄土分布.综合分析认为末次冰期时,渤海中部和辽东湾古沙漠发育程度好,渤海湾次之,莱州湾未发育沙漠. 相似文献
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通过对准噶尔盆地南缘中段紫泥泉子组紫三段(E1-2Z3)的166件重矿物样品分析,综合古近纪紫泥泉子期的区域构造、气候、沉积物特征等因素,提出古近纪紫三段沉积期的古地理环境为:干燥气候条件下,发育同方向、多河道、间歇性辫状河,水浅、源多、坡缓的古地理环境.多条河流平行发育和迁移,河道垂直岸线伸展、各种沉积相带却平行岸线展布,相带宽度较大. 相似文献
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基于遥感信息和野外实地调查,查明了嘉陵江古河道的分布;共发现古河道13处,主要分布在嘉陵江中游的阆中-南充段.河曲参数统计表明,13处古河道的单个河曲的曲折率C值都在3.00以上,平均值为7.80;4段河曲带的C值在2.20以上;整个中游段的C值为2.75,远远高于弯曲性河型临界值的1.50,表明嘉陵江古河道具有蜿蜒性河型的特征.此外,通过将古今河道参数进行对比发现,古河流的C值要比现代河道的C值大(分析认为较大的C值,可能与较低缓的坡降J有关),即有更大的弯曲度.表明嘉陵江曾发生过一次自然截弯取直过程. 相似文献
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长江流域内的四川盆地和三峡地区分布着大量深切河曲,记录了曲流河的原始形态,通过分析深切河曲的形态可以了解地质历史时期古曲流河的相关信息。本文采用小波分析方法,利用软件MStaT从遥感影像中提取了深切河曲的干支流交汇角、小波功率谱、弯曲度、弧波长和振幅等参数。与现代曲流河进行对比后发现：在深切河曲中,交汇角为钝角的情况较为常见,占比为30.3%;在交汇点附近,干支流交汇作用对小波功率谱的影响较为显著,但是远离交汇点的小波功率谱则基本保持不变;大部分河流的弯曲度、弧波长和振幅等参数呈现出从上游至下游逐渐升高的趋势。从河谷形态分析上也可知：以嘉陵江为代表的深切河曲,其河谷形态以对称河谷为主,这表明河曲在下切形成深切河曲的过程中,河道的形态并没有发生大规模的变化。根据上述现象可推测,河道交汇角为钝角的情况并不能作为古长江流向发生倒转的证据;长江流域宜宾至宜昌段曾经是地形起伏度很低的准平原（或宽阔河谷）,现今的深切河曲是古曲流河发生深切后而形成;长江在四川盆地和三峡地区应当为“叠置河”成因,长江在现今河道上并没有发生过倒流。 相似文献
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《古地理学报》2003,5(2):253-260
20 0 2年 12月 3日到 5日 ,香山科学会议召开了第 197次学术讨论会。与会专家学者以“多信息的古地理重建”为主题 ,就地质历史时期和人类历史时期古地理重建的多信息化、定量化、计算机化 ,各古地理分支学科的相互交叉、渗透和耦合 ,以及更有效地为生产实践和人类生存的地理环境的维护和改善等重大问题进行了交流和探索。会议中心议题为 :( 1)多信息的古地理重建及其耦合问题 ;( 2 )古今地理环境与人类文明 ;( 3)古地理与矿产资源的勘探开发及地理环境的整合问题。石油大学 (北京 )冯增昭教授、中国地质大学刘本培教授和中国科学院地理与资… 相似文献
6.
为了明确嘉陵江曲流型叠置河谷形成原因及其对区域地质环境演化的响应, 在综合分析区域地质地貌背景、水系演化模式等基础上, 认为嘉陵江曲流型叠置河谷的成因可能是三峡贯通这一重大地质事件作用的结果.三峡贯通前, 古分水岭两侧的四川盆地和江汉盆地水系相互独立发育; 由于江汉盆地水系溯源侵蚀速率快, 切穿其与四川盆地的古分水岭, 分水岭西侧水系被袭夺后东流, 两大水系完成统一; 在三峡贯通事件作用下, 嘉陵江古自由河曲快速下切嵌入基岩, 形成了曲流型叠置河谷的壮观地貌景观.基于砾石层中冲积物的电子自旋共振(electron spin resonance dating, ESR)测年结果, 表明三峡贯通的时间大致在早-中更新世之交.第四纪地壳活跃, 三峡的贯通可能与该时期内的"昆仑-黄河运动"密切相关. 相似文献
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位于四川省丹巴县聂呷乡甲居村的甲居古滑坡主要由甲居滑坡(H01)、聂呷坪滑坡(H02)、小巴旺村滑坡(H03)、聂拉村滑坡(H04)和山顶滑坡(H05)等5个次级滑体组成.受区域构造、强降雨、河流侵蚀、地层岩性等因素影响,甲居古滑坡次级滑体持续发生蠕滑变形,对位于滑体上的村庄、道路和前缘大金河等具有较大危害,2020年遭受50年一遇的强降雨后,古滑坡变形速率有进一步增大的趋势.采用SBAS-InSAR技术,结合遥感解译和现场调查,获取了甲居古滑坡2018年6月至2021年8月的地表变形特征,通过二维形变速率转换获取了甲居古滑坡沿斜坡向(slope)和垂直向(vertical)的形变速率.研究认为,甲居古滑坡沿雷达视线方向(VLOS)形变速率最大达-179 mm/a,沿斜坡方向的形变速率(Vs)最大为-211 mm/a,沿垂直方向的变形速率(Vv)最大为-67 mm/a.甲居滑坡的北侧区域、聂拉村滑坡的南侧区域和山顶滑坡后缘变形较大,总体上位于强变形-极强变形区.甲居古滑坡的变形机制具有一定差异,其中甲居滑坡以牵引式变形为主,聂拉村滑坡以推挤式变形为主.由于古滑坡地质构造复杂、新构造活动强烈,在强降雨和河流侵蚀作用下极易导致滑坡蠕滑速率加快并进一步失稳,形成堵江溃坝等灾害.建议加强次级滑体的地表变形监测,为流域性地质安全风险防灾减灾提供技术支撑和科学依据. 相似文献
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白龙江复式背斜是个古泄水区,区内已知热液矿床(点)的分布与古泄水区(带)的展布相一致,呈现出明显的规律性.古构造和古水动力条件控制了地下水的运动,而古水文(热液)地球化学条件则决定了成矿物质的迁移与沉淀积聚.古水文地质条件是区域热液成矿作用中的重要控矿因素. 相似文献
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天然河湾几何形态统计分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然河湾是弯曲河流重要的地貌组成单元,研究河湾的几何形态和演变规律具有较高的理论价值。运用Google Earth卫星图像和AutoCAD软件相结合的方法,选取不同区域的8条河流的136个山区河湾和325个冲积河湾作为统计样本,定义和测量河湾几何形态参数。统计分析表明,山区河湾弯曲度变化区间为[1.7,14.8],冲积河湾弯曲度变化区间为[1.6,38.5]。冲积河湾的弯曲度均值和标准方差都大于山区河湾。山区河湾的弯顶偏向角无明显的趋向性,弯顶向上游发育和向下游发育的机率基本是相同的。冲积河湾的弯顶偏向角大于85°的河湾占65.5%,表明大多数冲积河湾的弯顶是偏向上游发育的。冲积河湾平均河宽与弯顶河宽成较好的线性关系,平均河宽与颈口宽度具有一定程度的正相关关系。天然河湾的横向相对偏移度与弯曲度成较好的线性关系,两者表征河湾平面弯曲形态具有一致性。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
14.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
20.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献