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1.
长江中下游入梅指数及早晚梅年的海气背景特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1957～2001年全国160站逐月降水资料和116站入梅日期资料,定义了一个长江中下游入梅指数,以定量描述长江中下游地区平均入梅的早晚,再结合ERA－40高分辨率再分析资料和ERSST海温资料,利用相关分析和合成分析, 分别研究了早、晚梅年同期（6～7月份）和前期（前一年12月份至当年5月份）的大尺度大气环流及海温的异常特征。结果表明:早梅年同期,200 hPa南亚高压偏北,印度北部、孟加拉湾－印度尼西亚－副热带太平洋地区上空的对流偏强,西太平洋副热带高压和赤道辐合带位置偏北,东亚副热带夏季风偏强,晚梅年则相反。前期1月份北太平洋涛动及4月份西太平洋暖池附近的对流与当年入梅早晚存在显著的相关关系:早梅年,1月份北太平洋涛动偏弱,4月份西太平洋暖池附近的对流活跃;晚梅年,1月份北太平洋涛动偏强,4月份西太平洋暖池附近的对流偏弱。此外, 从前期海温场来看,早梅年,1～4月份北大西洋中高纬地区海温偏低,低纬地区海温偏高,呈南北偶极子分布状态,2月份西太平洋暖池附近海域及北半球冬、春季环澳大利亚海域海温明显偏高,晚梅年情况正好相反。以上这些前期信号为长江中下游地区入梅的短期气候预测提供了参考依据。 相似文献
2.
江淮入梅的年际变化及其与北大西洋涛动和海温异常的联系 总被引：36，自引：4，他引：36
文中首先采用简单相关和合成分析的方法研究了江淮入梅的年际变化与前期冬季环流和前期冬、春全球海温的关系。研究结果表明江淮入梅的早晚与前期冬季北半球大型环流存在显著的相关 :入梅早的年份 ,其前期冬季北大西洋涛动强 ,北半球只有一个强的极涡并位于格陵兰上空 ,东亚大槽弱 ;入梅晚的年份 ,则其前期冬季环流表现为 ,北大西洋涛动弱 ,北半球存在两个极涡 ,其中一个仍然位于格陵兰上空 ,而另一个则位于西伯利亚上空 ,东亚大槽较常年强。江淮入梅的年际变化与前期冬春北大西洋海温的相关分析表明 :入梅早的年份 ,北大西洋海温较常年偏暖 ;入梅晚的年份 ,前期冬春北大西洋海温较常年偏冷。文中还用 CCM3模拟了冬、春季北大西洋海温增暖对后期江淮入梅和梅雨期降水的影响 ,并探讨了其影响的物理机制 相似文献
3.
利用CCM3模式模拟了海温异常对江淮流域人梅的影响。结果表明,西风带的槽脊活动对西太平洋副高的北跳有较大影响,孟加拉湾、菲律宾、四川北部、江淮流域及其北部的潜热释放对副高也有较大影响。当马斯克林高压附近的区域为负海温异常时,江淮流域入梅偏早,正海温异常时入梅偏晚。当南大西洋区域的海温为正或负异常时,江淮流域的入梅均偏早。台湾以东区域的海温为正或负异常时,江淮流域的入梅均偏晚。这些结果表明,影响入梅早晚的主要因子可能是大气环流背景异常,而不是同期海温异常。 相似文献
4.
通过对江淮流域入梅期与海温场的相关分析，以及对海温异常年大气环流的合成分析，研究了海温异常对江淮流域入梅的影响。结果表明，太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的海温异常对江淮流域的入梅期有较大影响，前一年11月至当年6月西太平洋暖池的海温偏高（低）时，江淮流域入梅早（晚）。2~5月中太平洋的海温偏高时，江淮流域入梅偏晚。5~6月，马斯克林高压附近的海温对入梅期有较好的指示意义，高海温对应早入梅，而低海温对应晚入梅。2~4月以及2~5月西太平洋暖池附近的海温对江淮流域的入梅也有较好的指示意义。6月，台湾以东以及南大西洋的海温异常对入梅期有较大影响。 相似文献
5.
使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了东亚高空急流异常与江淮入梅的关系,得出:东亚高空急流对江淮入梅早、晚有一定的短期预测指示意义。当东亚高空急流偏北时,江淮入梅偏早;反之,当东亚高空急流偏南时,江淮入梅偏晚。东亚高空急流偏北年,西北太平洋海区异常冷,亚欧大陆异常暖,东亚大陆和西太平洋的纬向海陆热力差异由冬到夏的季节转变异常偏早,导致东亚地区大气环流发生季节性转变也偏早;同时,中东太平洋地区ITCZ异常活跃,夏季风系统的推进和副热带高压以及南亚高压的北跳都异常偏早,这种环流有利于江淮梅雨季节开始偏早;高空急流偏南年情况正好相反。 相似文献
6.
2005年江淮流域入梅偏晚的成因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
2005年是江淮流域入梅偏晚年。利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料、OLR资料和江苏省气象台提供的2005年逐日降水资料，对2005年江淮流域入梅前的异常环流形势进行分析，探讨了西太平洋副热带高压和低层中高纬冷空气的活动异常与东亚大槽、中西太平洋ITCZ以及东亚副热带高空西风急流等活动异常的关系。结果表明，入梅前，东亚大槽发展强盛，ITCZ偏弱以及东亚副热带高空西风急流强劲少动导致西太平洋副热带高压北抬偏晚。同时，东亚副热带高空西风急流的强劲少动也使南下冷空气势力强劲，中低层副热带锋区偏南，抑制了暖湿的东亚夏季风向江淮流域推进。东亚副热带高空西风急流和西太平洋副热带高压向北突跳偏晚是江淮流域2005年入梅偏晚的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
利用中国气象局2014年发布的《华南汛期监测业务规定》与《梅雨监测业务规定》中华南前汛期开汛和长江中下游入梅日期资料，对1961～2021年我国南方地区雨季进程的年际变化进行了客观划分，划分为4种类型：偏早型（前汛期和入梅均偏早）、偏晚型（前汛期和入梅均偏晚）、前早后晚型（前汛期偏早而入梅偏晚）、前晚后早型（前汛期偏晚而入梅偏早）。不同雨季进程相联系的东亚大气环流异常、我国中东部春季和梅雨期降水异常分布均存在明显的差异。偏早型年，3月底至5月初西风急流强度偏强且第一次北跳偏早，6月副高北跳明显，菲律宾附近维持反气旋性环流异常；偏晚型年与偏早型年环流形势相反。前早后晚型年，西风急流前期偏强后期偏弱，菲律宾附近前期为反气旋性环流异常，后期转为气旋性环流异常且副高位置异常偏南；前晚后早型年与前早后晚型年环流形势相反。南方地区雨季进程与热带海温演变之间的关系并不显著，不同雨季进程与ENSO演变的关系较复杂。 相似文献
8.
基于新监测指标的江南入梅早晚的气候特征及影响系统分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国气象局2014年发布的《梅雨监测业务规定》中的入梅日期资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及NOAA海温资料等,重点研究了1951—2015年江南入梅早、晚的气候特征,及其与同期(5—6月)大气环流及前期海表温度变化的关系。结果表明,近65年来江南入梅日具有显著的年际变化特征,入梅平均日期为6月8日,最早和最晚相差47 d。入梅日主要出现在6月,占80.0%。江南入梅偏早和偏晚年,对流层高层至低层的同期大尺度环流存在明显的差异。入梅偏早年,高层南亚高压和东亚副热带西风急流(西风急流)的建立较早,强度较强,南亚高压北移到青藏高原上空亦偏早,西风急流北跳偏早; 中层中高纬度经向环流较强,而西北太平洋副热带高压(副高)第1次北跳偏早; 低层索马里越赤道气流建立较早,强度较强,西太平洋为反气旋式距平环流; 入梅偏晚年上述环流系统演变特征则基本相反。冬、春季海表温度的异常是影响入梅早、晚的重要的外部强迫因子,也是重要的前期预测信号:当冬季东太平洋海表温度为负距平、澳大利亚东部海表温度偶极子为正位相及春季北大西洋三极子处于正位相时,江南入梅偏早; 上一年12月澳大利亚东侧海表温度偶极子和当年3月北大西洋三极子与江南入梅早、晚关系最为密切,当12月澳大利亚东部海表温度偶极子为正位相时,副高第1次北跳偏早,当3月北大西洋三极子为正位相时,6月西风急流偏强、偏北,有利于江南入梅偏早。 相似文献
9.
江淮入梅的年际变化与前冬环流的联系及其可能成因 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
采用简单相关和合成分析的方法研究了江淮入梅的年际变化与前期冬季环流和前期冬、春全球海温的关系。研究结果表明江淮入梅的早晚与前期冬季北半球大型环流存在显著的相关：入梅早的年份,其前期冬季北太西洋涛动强,北半球只有一个强的极涡并位于格陵兰上空,相应东亚大槽弱;入梅晚的年份,则其前冬环流表现为,北大西洋涛动弱,北半球存在两个极涡,其中一个仍然位于格陵兰上空,而另一个则位于西伯利亚上空,相应东亚大槽较常年 相似文献
10.
入梅时间早晚直接影响梅雨期雨量的多寡,其准确预测对农业、交通和旅游业等气象服务具有重要意义。利用中国气象局2017年发布的《梅雨监测业务规定》中的入梅日期资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究1981—2020年江淮梅雨入梅早晚的气候特征,分析亚洲夏季风对入梅日早晚的影响。结果表明：(1)江淮梅雨入梅日具有显著的年际变化特征,平均入梅日为6月21日,标准差为11 d,最早和最晚入梅日相差39 d。(2)入梅日与南亚夏季风SASM (South Asian Summer Monsoon)呈显著负相关,与东亚夏季风EASM (East Asian Summer Monsoon)呈正相关。强SASM年,南亚高压偏东,中高纬度高空急流偏南,江淮地区为水汽辐合区,有利于江淮区入梅偏早;强EASM年,西太副高偏北偏强,南风气流旺盛,水汽在华南和东北地区辐合,在江淮地区辐散,不利于梅雨的发生。(3)由于亚洲夏季风具有协同爆发的特点,强SASM-弱EASM协同年,平均入梅日较常年平均偏早4 d,与之相反的协同年入梅日偏晚11.6 d。强SASM-弱EASM年,江淮地区位于高空急流出口右侧,伊朗高压位... 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献