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1.
Tectonic types of oceanic abyssal basins and related potentially economic fields of ferromanganese nodules 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yu. M. Pushcharovsky 《Geotectonics》2008,42(4):245-257
Tectonic typification of the abyssal basins of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans is proposed. Six types of basins are recognized: perispreading, pericontinental, central thalassogenic, intermontane abyssal, interfault, and thalassosyneclise. The tectonic diversity of the basins and their systems reflects significant regional tectono-geodynamic features of the oceanic lithosphere. Basins of the first type are inherent to the Atlantic Ocean; of the second and third types, to the Indian Ocean; and of the fourth to sixth types, to the Pacific. In the Atlantic Ocean, the basins are spatially and paragenetically conjugated with the mid-oceanic ridge. Beyond the Atlantic, a similar situation is characteristic of the southern Indian Ocean only. Hence, differentiated energetic models of deep geospheres are required. The relations of potentially economic fields of ferromanganese nodules to tectonic types of abyssal basins are discussed. The largest fields with respect to both dimensions and reserves are confined to interfault and intermontane abyssal basins. The fields localized in central thalassogenic basins are second in importance. The perispreading and pericontinental basins are the least promising in this respect. Along with other criteria, tectonic analysis should be taken into consideration in the future development of these valuable mineral resources. 相似文献
2.
Tectonic types of deepwater basins in the Indian Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yu. M. Pushcharovsky 《Geotectonics》2007,41(5):355-367
Among 16 deepwater basins located in the central Indian Ocean and along its western, eastern, and southern margins, the central, perioceanic, and perispreading tectonic types are recognized. The Central, Cocos, Wharton, and Crozet basins belong to the first type. The second type comprises the Somalia, Mascarene, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Agulhas basins localized along the western margin of the ocean; the Argo, Gascoyne, Cuvier, and Perth basins that are situated along its eastern periphery; and the African-Antarctic Basin in the southern periphery. The South Australian and Australian-Antarctic basins pertain to the third type. Spatially and tectonically, the pericontinental basins are conjugated with continental blocks in the ocean (rises, plateaus, microcontinents). Together, they make up specific tectonic systems that extend parallel to the continents. The formation of such systems is controlled by horizontal movement of continental blocks and tectonic subsidence of the oceanic bottom. 相似文献
3.
北美东部被动大陆边缘是世界上最古老的完整被动大陆边缘之一,是研究被动大陆边缘发育演化的天然实验室。本文在大量国外研究成果的基础上,应用盆地构造解析方法,深入研究了北美东部被动大陆边缘盆地群的地质结构和构造演化特征,并揭示了盆地群的油气地质规律。研究认为,北美东部盆地群沉积充填和不整合面发育具有明显的分段性和差异性。以区域不整合面为界,不同段盆地可划分为不同的构造层:南段盆地可划分为两套构造层;中段南部盆地可划分为3套构造层;中段北部盆地可划分为4套构造层;而北段盆地可划分为5套构造层。盆地群整体经历了陆内裂谷—陆间裂谷—被动大陆边缘的演化过程,但不同段盆地的构造演化具有明显的分段性和迁移性:晚三叠世沉降中心位于南段盆地;早侏罗世初期迁移至中段盆地,南段大陆开始裂解;中侏罗世逐渐迁移至北段盆地,中段大陆开始裂解;早白垩世晚期,北段大陆开始裂解。受持续的抬升剥蚀及大西洋岩浆活动省的联合作用,南段盆地和中段大多数盆地缺乏油气保存条件;斯科舍盆地和大浅滩盆地是主要的含油气盆地,以上侏罗统烃源岩为主,主要发育断层—背斜圈闭和盐体刺穿圈闭,整体表现为“自生自储”和“下生上储”的特征。 相似文献
4.
在《印度洋底大地构造图》的基础上,分析了印度洋盆构造格局和洋盆演化重大事件序列,并从印度洋盆初始裂解机制、扩张中心跃迁与热点作用、洋中脊扩展作用等方面讨论了印度洋盆的张开过程,提出以下几点认识:(1)现今印度洋洋中脊可分为两个系统:东南印度洋中脊-中印度洋中脊-卡斯伯格洋脊系统(东支)和西南印度洋中脊系统(西支),前者是太平洋洋中脊扩展作用的产物,后者是太平洋-东南印度洋中脊与大西洋中脊之间构造调节的产物;(2)印度洋盆最初裂解受地幔柱垂向挤压-水平伸展作用控制,沿前寒武造山带等地壳薄弱带发育;(3)印度洋盆经历两次扩张中心的跃迁,其趋向性跃迁方向与热点相对板块的运动方向具有一致性,显示两者存在内在联系。(4)大西洋和太平洋洋中脊在印度洋交汇,于古近纪连通,末端伴随陆块持续发生碎裂化、裂解化,可称为鱼尾构造模式,表明印度洋盆衔接和调节了三大洋盆的发育和演化过程,具有全球洋盆枢纽的关键意义。 相似文献
5.
A GIS layout of the map of recent volcanism in North Eurasia is used to estimate the geodynamic setting of this volcanism.
The fields of recent volcanic activity surround the Russian and Siberian platforms—the largest ancient tectonic blocks of
Eurasia—from the arctic part of North Eurasia to the Russian Northeast and Far East and then via Central Asia to the Caucasus
and West Europe. Asymmetry in the spatial distribution of recent volcanics of North Eurasia is emphasized by compositional
variations and corresponding geodynamic settings. Recent volcanic rocks in the arctic part of North Eurasia comprise the within-plate
alkaline and subalkaline basic rocks on the islands of the Arctic Ocean and tholeiitic basalts of the mid-ocean Gakkel Ridge.
The southern, eastern, and western volcanic fields are characterized by a combination of within-plate alkaline and subalkaline
basic rocks, including carbonatites in Afghanistan, and island-arc or collision basalt-andesite-rhyolite associations. The
spatial distribution of recent volcanism is controlled by the thermal state of the mantle beneath North Eurasia. The enormous
mass of the oceanic lithosphere was subducted during the formation of the Pangea supercontinent primarily beneath Eurasia
(cold superplume) and cooled its mantle, having retained the North Pangea supercontinent almost unchanged for 200 Ma. Volcanic
activity was related to the development of various shallow-seated geodynamic settings and deep-seated within-plate processes.
Within-plate volcanism in eastern and southern North Eurasia is controlled, as a rule, by upper mantle plumes, which appeared
in zones of convergence of lithospheric plates in connection with ascending hot flows compensating submergence of cold lithospheric
slabs. After the breakdown of Pangea, which affected the northern hemisphere of the Earth insignificantly, marine basins with
oceanic crust started to form in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic in response to the subsequent breakdown of the supercontinent
in the northern hemisphere. In our opinion, the young Arctic Ocean that arose before the growth of the Gakkel Ridge and, probably,
the oceanic portion of the Amerasia Basin should be regarded as a typical intracontinental basin within the supercontinent
[48]. Most likely, this basin was formed under the effect of mantle plumes in the course of their propagation (expansion,
after Yu.M. Pushcharovsky) to the north of the Central Atlantic, including an inferred plume of the North Pole (HALIP). 相似文献
6.
本文将全球洋中脊系统作为研究整体,根据洋中脊的全球分布、运动学特征及其初始形成时与泛大陆的构造几何关系,将全球现今的洋中脊系统划分为内、外支洋中脊。外支洋中脊为探索者洋中脊-太平洋洋隆-东南印度洋中脊-西北印度洋中脊,起源于泛大洋及冈瓦纳大陆内部;内支洋中脊为西南印度洋中脊-大西洋中脊-北冰洋加科尔洋中脊,起源于泛大陆内部。两者之间通过俯冲带、转换断层以及弥散性板块边界实现全球板块构造在运动上的平衡,并保持地球的球形几何形态恒定。外支洋中脊在全球板块构造上造成泛大洋缩减,并持续被太平洋取代,直接推动了环太平洋俯冲带的形成;内支洋中脊造成大西洋盆、印度洋盆中生代以来持续扩张。中生代以来,外支洋中脊和内支洋中脊共同作用引起非洲板块、印度澳大利亚板块向北运动,新特提斯洋盆关闭,形成特提斯(阿尔卑斯山-喀尔巴阡山-扎格罗斯山-喜马拉雅山)碰撞造山带,并通过洋中脊扩张平衡了相关的岩石圈缩短。 相似文献
7.
南海大陆边缘盆地构造演化差异性及其与南海扩张耦合关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南海大陆边缘盆地由于边界条件的差异,不仅形成了不同类型的陆缘盆地,如离散型、走滑伸展型和伸展挠曲复合型,而且这些盆地构造演化存在明显的非同步性。这些陆缘破裂过程与南海扩张作用过程呈现明显不一致性。研究表明,南海扩张时期南海南、北大陆边缘均形成了一系列裂陷盆地,然而,南海南部、北部大陆边缘盆地裂陷作用结束时间不同,北部大陆边缘盆地裂陷作用结束于23 Ma或21 Ma,而南部大陆边缘盆地裂陷作用结束于15.5 Ma,显然北部大陆边缘盆地裂陷结束时间明显早于南部大陆边缘盆地。南海扩张停止后,南海南、北部陆缘仍表现出明显差异,北部陆缘仍以伸展作用为主,晚中新世以来出现快速沉降幕,而南海南部陆缘则以挤压作用为主,且其挤压时间及强度呈现南早北晚的特点,即南部曾母盆地明显早于南薇西盆地和北康盆地。南海南、北大陆边缘盆地形成演化的差异性,特别是构造转型差异变化,为新生代南海扩张的迁移性提供了有力的佐证,可以推断南海不同期次海盆扩张可能存在向南的突然跃迁。因此,本次研究梳理出的南海不同陆缘盆地张裂伸展的非同步性可为南海洋盆扩张演化过程解释提供新的证据。 相似文献
8.
E. P. Dubinin A. V. Kokhan D. E. Teterin A. L. Grokhol’sky E. S. Kurbatova N. M. Sushchevskaya 《Geotectonics》2016,50(1):35-53
Western, central, and eastern provinces are recognized in the Scotia Sea. They are distinguished by their bottom topography, geophysical characteristics, and crustal structure, which record their different origin and evolution. The western province is characterized by the oceanic crust that formed on the West Scotia Ridge, where active spreading may have ceased as a result of a collision between propagating rift and the structural barrier of the thick continental lithosphere of the Falkland Plateau. The central province is a series of blocks mainly composed of continental crust that subsided to various depths depending on the degree of extension in the course of rifting. These blocks are separated by local areas with oceanic crust formed due to the breakup of the continental crust and diffusive spreading. These areas are characterized by deep bottom and high values of Bouguer anomalies. The southern framework of the central province consists of subsided continental blocks and microcontinents divided by small spreading-type basins formed by lithospheric extension complicated by strike-slip faulting. The eastern province is composed of oceanic crust formed on the backarc spreading East Scotia Ridge. The results of density analysis, analog, and numerical simulations allowed us to explain some features of the structure and evolution of these provinces. The insight into tectonic structure of the provinces and their evolution allowed us to recognize several types of riftogenic basins differing in geodynamics, age, and geological and geophysical characteristics. 相似文献
9.
E. V. Shipilov 《Geotectonics》2008,42(2):105-124
Chronological succession in the formation of spreading basins is considered in the context of reconstruction of breakdown of Wegener’s Pangea and the development of the geodynamic system of the Arctic Ocean. This study made it possible to indentify three temporally and spatially isolated generations of spreading basins: Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic, and Cenozoic. The first generation is determined by the formation, evolution, and extinction of the spreading center in the Canada Basin as a tectonic element of the Amerasia Basin. The second generation is connected to the development of the Labrador-Baffin-Makarov spreading branch that ceased to function in the Eocene. The third generation pertains to the formation of the spreading system of interrelated ultraslow Mohna, Knipovich, and Gakkel mid-ocean ridges that has functioned until now in the Norwegian-Greenland and Eurasia basins. The interpretation of the available geological and geophysical data shows that after the formation of the Canada Basin, the Arctic region escaped the geodynamic influence of the Paleopacific, characterized by spreading, subduction, formation of backarc basins, collision-related processes, etc. The origination of the Makarov Basin marks the onset of the oceanic regime characteristic of the North Atlantic (intercontinental rifting, slow and ultraslow spreading, separation of continental blocks (microcontinents), extinction of spreading centers of primary basins, spreading jumps, formation of young spreading ridges and centers, etc., are typical) along with retention of northward propagation of spreading systems both from the Pacific and Atlantic sides. The aforesaid indicates that the Arctic Ocean is in fact a hybrid basin or, in other words, a composite heterogeneous ocean in respect to its architectonics. The Arctic Ocean was formed as a result of spatial juxtaposition of two geodynamic systems different in age and geodynamic style: the Paleopacific system of the Canada Basin that finished its evolution in the Late Cretaceous and the North Atlantic system of the Makarov and Eurasia basins that came to take the place of the Paleopacific system. In contrast to traditional views, it has been suggested that asymmetry of the northern Norwegian-Greenland Basin is explained by two-stage development of this Atlantic segment with formation of primary and secondary spreading centers. The secondary spreading center of the Knipovich Ridge started to evolve approximately at the Oligocene-Miocene transition. This process resulted in the breaking off of the Hovgard continental block from the Barents Sea margin. Thus, the breakdown of Wegener’s Pangea and its Laurasian fragments with the formation of young spreading basins was a staged process that developed nearly from opposite sides. Before the Late Cretaceous (the first stage), the Pangea broke down from the side of Paleopacific to form the Canada Basin, an element of the Amerasia Basin (first phase of ocean formation). Since the Late Cretaceous, destructive pulses came from the side of the North Atlantic and resulted in the separation of Greenland from North America and the development of the Labrador-Baffin-Makarov spreading system (second phase of ocean formation). The Cenozoic was marked by the development of the second spreading branch and the formation of the Norwegian-Greenland and Eurasia oceanic basins (third phase of ocean formation). Spreading centers of this branch are functioning currently but at an extremely low rate. 相似文献
10.
自21世纪以来,被动陆缘盆地已成为全球油气勘探的重点领域。在统计被动陆缘盆地勘探数据,分析被动陆缘盆地历次理论、技术进展带来的勘探领域的不断突破和油气发现规律基础上,认为有三个方面大的持续发展,在勘探理论上已突破过去围绕裂谷找油,近年发展了坳陷型、转换型陆缘盆地油气成藏理论,提出在被动陆缘半封闭—封闭的局限大型坳陷周缘、转换型被动陆缘转换坳陷带、地幔出露带洋壳上覆远洋浊积砂领域找油的观点,在南大西洋西非段、西南非段、地中海东部、中北大西洋两端、东非海上均取得重大勘探突破;在勘探领域上横向呈现由陆上—浅海—深水—超深水,纵向由斜坡水道—斜坡扇—坡底扇—盐下碳酸盐岩—深水扇发展趋势;在工程技术上随着深水钻探、盐下目标地震识别刻画等技术发展,带动了水深3000 m以上目标钻探和勘探突破。全球被动陆缘早期勘探主要在墨西哥湾周缘、南大西洋两岸中段,近年来逐步向中- 北大西洋两岸、东非沿岸、北极等领域转移,未来被动陆缘油气勘探越来越走向远洋超深水、盐下、深层、极地等领域。 相似文献
11.
Chen Xi WANG Chengshan HU Xiumian HUANG Yongjian WANG Pingkang Luba JANSA ZENG Xuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(6):1070-1086
Cretaceous oceanic red beds (CORBs) represented by red shales and marls, were deposited during the Cretaceous and early Paleocene, predominantly in the Tethyan realm, in lower slope and abyssal basin environments. Detailed studies of CORBs are rare; therefore, we compiled CORBs data from deep sea ocean drilling cores and outcrops of Cretaceous rocks subaerially exposed in southern Europe, northwestern Germany, Asia and New Zealand. In the Tethyan realm, CORBs mainly consist of reddish or pink shales, limestones and marlstones. By contrast, marlstones and chalks are rare in deep-ocean drilling cores. Upper Cretaceous marine sediments in cores from the Atlantic Ocean are predominantly various shades of brown, reddish brown, yellowish brown and pale brown in color. A few red, pink, yellow and orange Cretaceous sediments are also present. The commonest age of CORBs is early Campanian to Maastrichtian, with the onset mostly of oxic deposition often after Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs), during the early Aptian, late Albian-early Turonian and Campanian. This suggests an indicated and previously not recognized relationship between OAEs, black shales deposition and CORBs. CORBs even though globally distributed, are most common in the North Atlantic and Tethyan realms, in low to mid latitudes of the northern hemisphere; in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean in the mid to high latitudes of the southern hemisphere; and are less frequent in the central Pacific Ocean. Their widespread occurrence during the late Cretaceous might have been the result of establishing a connection for deep oceanic current circulation between the Pacific and the evolving connection between South and North Atlantic and changes in oceanic basins ventilation. 相似文献
12.
A.V. Lukhnev V.A. San’kov A.I. Miroshnichenko S.V. Ashurkov L.M. Byzov A.V. San’kov Yu.B. Bashkuev M.G. Dembelov E. Calais 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(11):1417-1426
Based on multiyear measurements of present-day motions in the central area of the Baikal rift system, new data on the kinematics of horizontal motions, relative horizontal deformation rates, and rotation velocities in the area of junction of the South Baikal, North Baikal, and Barguzin rift basins have been obtained. This area is an intricate structure with two transfer zones: Ol’khon–Svyatoi Nos and Ust’-Barguzin.It is shown that crustal blocks are moving southeastward, normally to the structures of transfer zones and at an acute angle to the Baikal Rift strike, which corresponds to the right-lateral strike-slip extensional faulting along the major structure. The average horizontal velocities increase from 3.0 mm yr–1 in the northern South Baikal basin to 6.5 mm yr–1 in the Barguzin basin. The elongation axes prevailing in the study region are mainly of NW–SE direction. The areas of intense deformations are confined to structures with high seismic activity in the South Baikal and, partly, Barguzin basins. This confirms the existence of a present-day zone of the Earth’s crust destruction in the Baikal rift system, which is the most likely source of strong earthquakes in the future. Two zones with rotations in opposite directions are recognized in the rotation velocity field. Clockwise rotation is typical of structures of N–NE strike (Maloe More basin, southern North Baikal basin, Barguzin Ridge rise). Counterclockwise rotation is determined for NE-striking structures (northern South Baikal basin, southern Barguzin basin). In general, the obtained data show an intricate pattern of present-day horizontal dislocations and deformations in the area of junction of NE- and N–NE-striking rift structures. This suggests left- and right-lateral strike-slip faults, respectively, within them. 相似文献
13.
The paper reports results of the analysis of the spatial distribution of modern (younger than 2 Ma) volcanism in the Earth’s
northern hemisphere and relations between this volcanism and the evolution of the North Pangaea modern supercontinent and
with the spatial distribution of hotspots of the Earth’s mantle. Products of modern volcanism occur in the Earth’s northern
hemisphere in Eurasia, North America, Greenland, in the Atlantic Ocean, Arctic, Africa, and the Pacific Ocean. As anywhere
worldwide, volcanism in the northern hemisphere of the Earth occurs as (a) volcanism of mid-oceanic ridges (MOR), (b) subduction-related
volcanism in island arcs and active continental margins (IA and ACM), (c) volcanism in continental collision (CC) zones, and
(d) within-plate (WP) volcanism, which is related to mantle hotspots, continental rifts, and intercontinental belts. These
types of volcanic areas are fairly often neighboring, and then mixed volcanic areas occur with the persistent participation
of WP volcanism. Correspondingly, modern volcanism in the Earth’s northern hemisphere is of both oceanic and continental nature.
The latter is obviously related to the evolution of the North Pangaea modern supercontinent, because it results from the Meso-Cenozoic
evolution of Wegener’s Late Paleozoic Pangaea. North Pangaea in the Cenozoic comprises Eurasia, North and South America, India,
and Africa and has, similar to other supercontinents, large sizes and a predominantly continental crust. The geodynamic setting
and modern volcanism of North Pangaea are controlled by two differently acting processes: the subduction of lithospheric slabs
from the Pacific Ocean, India, and the Arabia, a process leading to the consolidation of North Pangaea, and the spreading
of oceanic plates on the side of the Atlantic Ocean, a process that “wedges” the supercontinent, modifies its morphology (compared
to that of Wegener’s Pangaea), and results in the intervention of the Atlantic geodynamic regime into the Arctic. The long-lasting
(for >200 Ma) preservation of tectonic stability and the supercontinental status of North Pangaea are controlled by subduction
processes along its boundaries according to the predominant global compression environment. The long-lasting and stable subduction
of lithospheric slabs beneath Eurasia and North America not only facilitated active IA + ACM volcanism but also resulted in
the accumulation of cold lithospheric material in the deep mantle of the region. The latter replaced the hot mantle and forced
this material toward the margins of the supercontinent; this material then ascended in the form of mantle plumes (which served
as sources of WP basite magmas), which are diverging branches of global mantle convection, and ascending flows of subordinate
convective systems at the convergent boundaries of plates. Subduction processes (compressional environments) likely suppressed
the activity of mantle plumes, which acted in the northern polar region of the Earth (including the Siberian trap magmatism)
starting at the latest Triassic until nowadays and periodically ascended to the Earth’s surface and gave rise to WP volcanism.
Starting at the breakup time of Wegener’s Pangaea, which began with the opening of the central Atlantic and systematically
propagated toward the Arctic, marine basins were formed in the place of the Arctic Ocean. However, the development of the
oceanic crust (Eurasian basin) took place in the latter as late as the Cenozoic. Before the appearance of the Gakkel Ridge
and, perhaps, also the oceanic portion of the Amerasian basin, this young ocean is thought to have been a typical basin developing
in the central part of supercontinents. Wegener’s Pangaea broke up under the effect of mantle plumes that developed during
their systematic propagation to the north and south of the Central Atlantic toward the North Pole. These mantle plumes were
formed in relation with the development of global and local mantle convection systems, when hot deep mantle material was forced
upward by cold subducted slabs, which descended down to the core-mantle boundary. The plume (WP) magmatism of Eurasia and
North America was associated with surface collision- or subduction-related magmatism and, in the Atlantic and Arctic, also
with surface spreading-related magmatism (tholeiite basalts). 相似文献
14.
利用重处理的二维地震测线对南黄海盆地北凹进行了精细的构造解释,揭示了三种不同类型的正反转构造样式,分别是中南部的逆冲型、东部的压扭型和北部的褶皱型,主要受控于其所处的不同构造位置。通过典型地震测线的平衡剖面分析,并结合区域构造动力学背景分析,认为北凹至少发生了三幕构造正反转,主要受控于不同地质时期太平洋板块对欧亚大陆俯冲速度和角度的改变。其中,三垛组沉积之后,太平洋板块俯冲角度逐步由北西向转为南西西向,并且俯冲速度明显增大,使得北凹处于北东南西向挤压环境中,广泛发育正反转构造,这也是最强烈的一幕正反转,表现为强烈的逆断层活动和地层剥蚀。过度的正反转作用可能对北凹油气藏的形成造成了不利的影响。 相似文献
15.
Yu. M. Pushcharovsky 《Geotectonics》2009,43(3):185-193
The tectonic structure of the floor of the Atlantic Ocean beyond the continental margins is insufficiently studied. This is also true of its tectonic demarcation. The segmentation of the floor into regional-scale tectonic provinces of several orders proposed in this paper is primarily based on structural and historical geological features. It is shown that deep oceanic basins and fault tectonics are of particular importance in this respect. Tectonic provinces of two orders are distinguished by a set of attributes. The first-order provinces are the North, Central, South, and Antarctic domains of the Atlantic Ocean. They are separated by wide demarcation fracture zones into Transatlantic (transverse) second-order tectonic provinces. Ten such provinces are recognized (from the north southward): Greenland-Lofoten, Greenland-Scandinavia, Greenland-Ireland, Newfoundland-European, North American-African, Antilles-African, Angola-Brazil, Cape-Argentine, North Antarctic, and South Antarctic. This subdivision demonstrates significant differentiation in the geodynamic state of the oceanic lithosphere that determines nonuniform ocean formation and the tectonic features of the ocean floor. The latitudinal orientation of the second-order provinces inherits the past tectonic pattern, though newly formed structural units cannot be ruled out. The Earth rotation exerts a crucial effect on the crust and the mantle. 相似文献
16.
深入认识盆地的地质结构与构造演化,探讨盆地的油气分布规律,将为揭示中国大陆属性、资源能源分布、环境变化及油气勘探新领域奠立重要基础。本文立足于油气勘探的新资料,应用活动论构造历史观与比较大地构造学方法,分析了中国叠合沉积盆地的构造演化、构造分区、地质结构与油气成藏模式,探索油气分布规律。研究表明,中国叠合沉积盆地经历了中新元古代、寒武纪—泥盆纪(或中泥盆世)、(晚泥盆世—)石炭纪—三叠纪与侏罗纪—第四纪4个构造旋回的演化;据东西向两条构造锋线和南北(或北北东)向的两条改造锋线及西太平洋弧后盆地带,可将中国划分为北疆、内蒙古、松辽、塔里木—阿拉善、鄂尔多斯、渤海湾、青藏、四川、华南与海域等10个沉积盆地区;发育有前陆/克拉通、前陆/坳陷、坳陷/断陷、断陷/坳陷、反转断陷、被动陆缘、走滑叠合和改造残留等8种叠合盆地结构类型;发育安岳裂陷槽型、塔北型、苏里格复合三角洲型、玛湖凹陷型、陆梁隆起型、库车冲断带型、大庆长垣型、古潜山型、中央峡谷水道型、柴东生物气型、四川源内型与沁水向斜煤层气型等12种典型油气成模式;盆地内凹陷/断陷的油气分布具有空间有序性,叠合界面油气富集具优势性,油气叠合分布有强的非均一性,中西部前陆/克拉通叠合型盆地的油、气分区分布,海域被动陆缘/断陷叠合型盆地的油、气分带分布。中国多旋回叠合盆地具有独特的“三环带状”油气分布格局。 相似文献
17.
18.
王宗秀 李春麟 Pak Nikolai Ivleva Elen 余心起 周高 肖伟峰 韩淑琴 Halilov Zailabidin Takenov Nurgazy 鄢犀利 《中国地质》2017,44(4):623-641
西天山造山带位于哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块与卡拉库姆—塔里木板块的结合部,是由一系列前寒武纪微陆块、古生代洋壳残片及陆缘弧相互拼贴而成的多聚合带、多成矿带,其独特的造山-成矿过程受到了国内外的广泛关注。本文通过构造单元划分与编图,建立了古生代西天山造山带的构造格架,认为古生代西天山造山带的构造演化依次经历了:罗迪尼亚大陆裂解与北天山早古生代多岛洋盆形成阶段(Z-O_2),北天山早古生代多岛洋盆闭合与南天山洋盆开始形成阶段(O_3-S),南、北天山洋晚古生代洋盆形成与发展阶段(D-C_1),南、北天山晚古生代洋盆全面闭合与天山碰撞造山带形成阶段(C1-C_2)和碰撞后板内演化阶段(C_2-P)。 相似文献
19.
古亚洲洋不是西伯利亚陆台和华北地台间的一个简单洋盆,而是在不同时间、不同地区打开和封闭的多个大小不一的洋盆复杂活动(包括远距离运移)的综合体.其北部洋盆起始于新元古代末-寒武纪初(573~522Ma)冈瓦纳古陆裂解形成的寒武纪洋盆.寒武纪末-奥陶纪初(510~480Ma),冈瓦纳古陆裂解的碎块、寒武纪洋壳碎块和陆缘过渡壳碎块相互碰撞、联合形成原中亚-蒙古古陆.奥陶纪时,原中亚-蒙古古陆南边形成活动陆缘,志留纪形成稳定大陆.泥盆纪初原中亚-蒙古古陆裂解,裂解的碎块在新形成的泥盆纪洋内沿左旋断裂向北运动,于晚泥盆世末到达西伯利亚陆台南缘,重新联合形成现在的中亚-蒙古古陆.晚古生代时,在现在的中亚-蒙古古陆内发生晚石炭世(318~316Ma)和早二叠世(295~285Ma)裂谷岩浆活动,形成双峰式火山岩和碱性花岗岩类.蒙古-鄂霍次克带是西伯利亚古陆和中亚-蒙古古陆之间的泥盆纪洋盆,向东与古太平洋连通,洋盆发展到中晚侏罗世,与古太平洋同时结束,其洋壳移动到西伯利亚陆台边缘受阻而向陆台下俯冲,在陆台南缘形成广泛的陆缘岩浆岩带,从中泥盆世到晚侏罗世都非常活跃.古亚洲洋的南部洋盆始于晚寒武世.此时,华北古陆从冈瓦纳古陆裂解出来,在其北缘形成晚寒武世-早奥陶世的被动陆缘和中奥陶世-早志留世的沟弧盆系.志留纪腕足类生物群的分布表明,华北地台北缘洋盆与塔里木地台北缘、以及川西、云南、东澳大利亚有联系,而与上述的古亚洲洋北部洋盆没有关连,两洋盆之间有松嫩-图兰地块间隔.晚志留世-早泥盆世,华北地台北部发生弧-陆碰撞运动,泥盆纪时,在松嫩地块南缘形成陆缘火山岩带,晚二叠世-早三叠世华北地台与松嫩地块碰撞,至此古亚洲洋盆封闭.古亚洲洋的南、北洋盆最后的褶皱构造,以及与塔里木地台之间发生的直接关系,很可能是后期的构造运动所造成的. 相似文献
20.
华北克拉通晚三叠世沉积盆地原型与破坏早期构造变形格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华北克拉通破坏的过程在地壳浅层沉积和构造变形中留有相应的建造和改造形迹。本文在前人研究基础上,据钻井、地震剖面和露头资料揭示的地层分布、沉积面貌以及构造变形特征,综合论述了印支期华北克拉通的沉积盆地原型及与克拉通破坏早期构造变形之间的响应关系。晚三叠世,华北克拉通残留地层具有分区分布特点： 克拉通腹地的鄂尔多斯地区上三叠统延长组发育较全,向东延展至晋中、豫西一带; 克拉通北缘的上三叠统杏石口组（及同期老虎沟组、黑山窑组等）沿辽西—京西—冀北一线零星分布; 克拉通南缘上三叠统沿豫南—陕南一线发育在北秦岭一带。南、北两缘晚三叠世地层均已卷入同期和后期构造变形,多被逆冲断层夹持并呈断片状产出。从构造变形角度,晚三叠世华北克拉通两侧均已发现大规模的南北向挤压构造,大致形成“对冲”格局,与内克拉通先存的东西向构造线一致。同生沉积记录了区域构造变形过程和/或由变形等因素控制的抬升剥蚀信息。在内克拉通,西部鄂尔多斯地区构造稳定,变形轻微,残留地层较全;东部地区抬升强烈,上三叠统大多数缺失;在东、西部之间存在一个沉积—构造的“缓冲”过渡区。从盆地原型恢复角度,晚三叠世华北克拉通表现为南北两缘陆内前陆盆地镶边的内克拉通盆地格局。华北克拉通腹地的盆地原型是叠覆在早—中三叠世盆地之上的继承性内克拉通盆地。华北克拉通北缘的陆内前陆盆地系统由阴山—燕山楔顶带、张家口—承德前渊带、清水河—山海关前隆带和京西—柳江隆后坳陷带构成;南缘的陆内前陆盆地系统则为北秦岭楔顶带、平凉—南召前渊带、环县—霍邱前隆带和铜川—济源隆后坳陷带。其中的铜川—济源和京西—柳江两个隆后坳陷带则可归属于华北内克拉通盆地。 相似文献