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1.
新近系保德阶建阶研究新进展 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
根据与古地磁极性年表的对比 ,山西保德冀家沟剖面含保德动物群的保德组上界年龄为 5 .30 Ma,底界年龄不超过 10 Ma,其红黏土的底界为 8Ma,显示该剖面不存在定义的保德阶 11.2 Ma的下界 ,也没有保存保德阶下部的沉积。《国际地层指南》提倡用选择下界的界线层型来确定年代地层单位 ,其上界应该由后续单位的下界来确定。冀家沟剖面显然不具备保德阶的下界 ,但甘肃临夏盆地郭泥沟剖面含三趾马动物群的红黏土之下还有发育的中中新世沉积出露 ,因此 ,后一个地点应存在保德阶的下界 ,并有保德阶最底部的化石和适合于作古地磁分析的沉积物 ,所以临夏盆地是一个有可能建立保德阶下界界线层型的有利地点 相似文献
2.
中国陆相上新统麻则沟阶 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
年代地层单位麻则沟阶是中国上新统的两个阶之一,代表陆相上上新统,1999年由第二届全国地层委员会正式命名,对应于麻则沟期。"麻则沟"一名源自同名岩石地层单位麻则沟组,典型剖面位于山西省榆社县云簇镇赵庄—大马岚。麻则沟阶对应于"国际地层表"中的皮亚琴察阶,其共同的底界定义为古地磁Chron C2An.3n的底,即高斯正极性带的底,绝对年龄为3.6 Ma,这条界线在榆社赵庄剖面位于第6层麻则沟组下部的紫红色黏土层的中部,以张洼沟姬鼠(Apodemus zhangwagouensis)的首现为标志。麻则沟期与欧洲陆生哺乳动物分期的Villa-nyian早期或Villafranchian早期相当,包含1个哺乳动物群单位,即NMU13,可与欧洲的MN16对比。在榆社盆地发现的麻则沟动物群就相当于NMU13。在中国的上新世哺乳动物群中,甘肃灵台的任家沟动物群和雷家河V带动物群、河北阳原泥河湾的稻地动物群、陕西渭南的游河动物群、山西静乐的贺丰动物群、四川德格的汪布顶动物群也相当于NMU13。河北泥河湾的花豹沟剖面是麻则沟阶的辅助层型剖面。 相似文献
3.
中国陆相上新统高庄阶 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
1999年第二届全国地层委员会正式提出将中国新近纪上新世分为早、晚两期,分别命名为高庄期和麻则沟期,年代地层单位高庄阶即对应于高庄期。"高庄"一名源自同名岩石地层单位高庄组,典型剖面位于山西省榆社县云簇镇桃阳—高庄—赵庄。高庄阶对应于"国际地层表"中海相的Zanclean阶,其共同的底界定义为古地磁Chron C3r的顶部,年龄为距今5.3Ma,这条界线在榆社桃阳剖面位于高庄组下部第5层的块状砂岩底部。高庄期与欧洲陆生哺乳动物分期的Ruscinian期相当,包含1个哺乳动物群单位,即NMU12,可与欧洲的MN14—15对比。在榆社盆地发现的高庄动物群相当于NMU12。在中国的上新世哺乳动物群中,甘肃临夏盆地的十里墩动物群、甘肃灵台的雷家河Ⅲ带动物群、内蒙古化德的哈尔鄂博和比例克动物群也相当于NMU12。甘肃广河的十里墩剖面是高庄阶的潜在候选层型剖面。 相似文献
4.
中国陆相中新统谢家阶 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
谢家期一名最初在1984年提出,1999年第二届全国地层委员会正式提出依据谢家期建立对应的年代地层单位——谢家阶,阶名源自同名岩石地层单位谢家组。谢家阶的层型剖面在青海省湟中县田家寨乡谢家村北1km处的车头沟,谢家阶对应于国际地层表中的海相Aquitanian阶,其共同的底界定义为古地磁ChronC6Cn.2n的底界,年龄为23.0Ma。古地磁研究结果显示在谢家剖面谢家阶的底界位于马哈拉沟组上部的棕红色块状泥岩连续沉积中,距上覆的谢家组底48m。生物地层学的综合分析表明谢家阶包含3个哺乳动物群单位,即NMU1—3。谢家剖面上发现的谢家动物群相当于NMU2,新疆准噶尔盆地北缘的索索泉动物群和甘肃兰州盆地的张家坪动物群分别相当于NMU1和NMU3。 相似文献
5.
近十年来,在广东南雄盆地、江西池江盆地、湖南衡阳盆地和内蒙古二连盆地开展的生物地层学、化学地层学和磁性地层学的研究工作,为我国陆相古近系上湖阶、浓山阶和岭茶阶的建立提供了可靠的依据,并为其与海相地层、全球界线层型的对比提供了可能。古新统上湖阶的界线层型剖面选在广东南雄盆地大塘剖面(即鹅颈岭—逆龙坑一线),根据脊椎动物化石和岩石地层学的研究将紧挨南雄群-上湖组界线的一套黄灰色厚层黏土砾岩作为其底界。最新的古地磁和同位素研究表明,上湖组底界处于C29R极性段的上部,接近白垩系-古近系界线,可以作为上湖阶的底界。古新统浓山阶的界线层型在江西池江盆地田心里—狮子口村剖面,该剖面下古新统狮子口组和中、上古新统池江组的哺乳动物群有明显变化。同时,磁性地层学研究表明,狮子口组与池江组界线上、下出现C27n极性段向C26r极性段转换,可与海相地层中的"丹尼最晚期事件"对比。这表明浓山阶的底界位于C27n/C26n转换带,相当于丹尼阶最上部,与塞兰特阶底界接近,与北美哺乳动物分期当中Torrejonian-Tiffanian的界线基本一致。始新统岭茶阶(古新统-始新统)界线层型选在我国湖南衡东盆地成家冲东北的岭茶—霞流公路旁,剖面上发现的古新统-始新统界线碳同位素负向漂移,可与国际古新统-始新统界线层型剖面——埃及Dababiya剖面(GSSP)的碳同位素负向漂移对比,该剖面的碳同位素负向飘移可以作为岭茶阶底界,年龄接近55.8±0.2Ma。 相似文献
6.
我国陆相侏罗-白垩系界线及附近地层研究长期争论较大,亟待建立划分对比标准--层型(也称"金钉子”).按国际地层委员会(1996)的决议,"层型剖面”必须出露完全、沉积连续、化石丰富,具足够的沉积速率,排除构造和变质交代的影响.陆相地层沉积由于受气候、大地构造、火山喷发和盆地演化控制,形成复杂多变的充填序列,长期以来未能找到符合"层型”标准的剖面.
"中国地层标志化石及重点层型剖面”项目陆相层型组经持续2年的艰苦工作,踏勘路线约100余km,测制剖面10余条,累计剖面厚度1 000余m,系统采集大量标本,终于在河北滦平县火斗山乡张家沟找到了较为理想的剖面,使研究取得突破性进展.
冀北滦平盆地陆相侏罗-白垩系发育完全,但前人工作深入的大店子东沟剖面具有明显缺陷,不能作为层型候选剖面:其底界附近堆积了多层巨厚"蜂窝梁砾岩”,有人认为存在沉积间断;底界向上约60 m厚地层内一直没有找到化石;顶界附近见有约20 m厚的玄武安山岩,上覆巨厚的冲积扇砾岩,说明当时构造活动强烈.
张家沟剖面沿山沟东北侧的山梁延伸,岩层完全裸露,岩性以单一的浅湖-半深湖相泥页岩和粉砂岩夹砂岩为主;化石丰富、门类繁多;界线附近没有砾岩和火山岩(层);整个剖面表现为单斜地层,倾向NE,倾角平缓约20°;符合层型标准.
经初步研究,张家沟剖面计有介形虫、叶肢介、昆虫、鱼、双壳类、腹足类和植物等多门类化石:底界发现以Yanshanina为主体的介形虫化石组合,为限定热河动物群和"层型”提供了充分依据.底界之下地层中含Eoparacypris-Luanpingella-Pseudopara-cypridopsis组合和Nestoria-Keratestheria组合,代表大北沟组的前热河动物群;底界之上为Eosestheria-Ephemeropsis-Lycoptera组合,属大店子组的热河动物群.
剖面由若干个完整、连续的湖泊-扇三角洲沉积旋回序列组成.底界附近为水下分流河道-浅湖沉积相序,顶界附近为浅湖-半深湖-深湖沉积相序.顶、底界限同时排除了火山岩和巨厚冲积扇砾岩造成的沉积间断和对建立"层型”的不利因素的影响,保证生物发育演化的连续性与多学科综合研究.
同时经过详细的野外追索研究,初步建立了"层型”顶、底界面间的沉积-地层格架模型,对"层型”顶、底界的确定和"层型”内沉积、地层和盆地发育演化以及区域对比具有极其重要的意义. 相似文献
7.
山东东营凹陷渐新统东营组的天文地层研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
XU Dao-yi ) YAO Yi-min ) ZHANG Hai-feng ) HAN Yan-ben ) YIN Zhi-qiang ) HE Qing-fang ) BIAN Xue-mei ) ) Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing ) Geological Scientific Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Company SINOPEC Dongying ) National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《地层学杂志》2007,(Z2)
选定东营凹陷牛38、郝科1和利1等3口井东营组进行天文地层研究。以牛38井沙河街组一段顶界31.8Ma作为东营组底界年龄,得到3口井各段的年龄平均值为:东二段底28.406Ma,东一段底25.385Ma和顶界24.467Ma。东营组底界(31.829Ma)大致相当于"中国区域地层表"提出的32Ma的渐新统底年龄,但是与"国际地层表"提出的渐新世鲁培尔阶底界(33.9Ma)相差1.9Myr。东三段底界、顶界的平均年龄分别为31.829Ma、28.406Ma大致可与中国的乌兰布拉格阶或国际的鲁培尔阶中上部相当;东二段底界至东一段顶界的平均年龄大致相当于塔本布鲁克阶或夏特阶。根据东营组岩石地层与天文地层研究认为,在三角洲沉积过程中,东营组各段界线是穿时的,如东三与东二段界线的年龄相差可达1.4Myr。根据偏心率理论曲线和小波分析,夏特阶底界(28.4Ma)附近的变化可能与偏心率100ka左右理论周期的特殊变化有关。 相似文献
8.
华南地区三叠系地层发育,安尼阶底界（即下—中三叠统界线）附近广泛发育浅绿色火山凝灰岩或凝灰质碎屑岩,俗称 “绿豆岩”。国际安尼阶底界界线层型候选剖面——位于南盘江盆地内的贵州关刀剖面和广西湾头剖面,已获得可对比的“绿豆岩”锆石U-Pb年龄,但在相邻的上扬子台地上尚缺少对安尼阶底界测年的可对比数据。笔者采集了贵州省盘州市新民镇石门坎剖面三叠系关岭组底部的多层“绿豆岩”,利用LA-ICP-MS获得锆石的U-Pb年龄。结果显示,石门坎剖面关岭组底部的锆石结晶年龄为246. 9±1. 1 Ma,可与南盘江盆地内及上扬子台地区出露安尼阶底界的剖面相对比。其绝对年龄为上扬子台地区内的安尼阶底界年龄对比提供了参照,有助于限定中三叠世海生爬行动物群所代表的海洋生态系统的复苏时间。石门坎剖面地层沉积连续,未来有望继续开展综合地层学的研究。 相似文献
9.
华南地区三叠系地层发育,安尼阶底界（即下—中三叠统界线）附近广泛发育浅绿色火山凝灰岩或凝灰质碎屑岩,俗称 “绿豆岩”。国际安尼阶底界界线层型候选剖面——位于南盘江盆地内的贵州关刀剖面和广西湾头剖面,已获得可对比的“绿豆岩”锆石U-Pb年龄,但在相邻的上扬子台地上尚缺少对安尼阶底界测年的可对比数据。本研究采集了贵州省盘州市新民镇石门坎剖面三叠系关岭组底部的多层“绿豆岩”,利用LA-ICP-MS获得锆石的U-Pb年龄。结果显示,石门坎剖面关岭组底部的锆石结晶年龄为246.9±1.1 Ma,可与南盘江盆地内及上扬子台地区出露安尼阶底界的剖面相对比。其绝对年龄为上扬子台地区内的安尼阶底界年龄对比提供了参照,有助于限定中三叠世海生爬行动物群所代表的海洋生态系统的复苏时间。石门坎剖面地层沉积连续,未来有望继续开展综合地层学的研究。 相似文献
10.
渭河盆地东南缘蓝田-渭南一带发育较连续完整的新生代地层,其中包含丰富的哺乳动物化石,特别是灞河组中产
出典型的三趾马化石,并曾据此建立了灞河期标准生物地层。鉴于灞河组及灞河期沉积地层在中国北方环境变化及古生物
研究中的重要意义,对陕西蓝田灞河南岸厚约246 m的段家坡灞河组典型剖面进行了详细古地磁年代学研究。磁性地层分
析确定的极性序列可与标准古地磁年表（GPTS） 较好对比,结果表明段家坡剖面灞河组年龄为11~7 Ma,属于晚中新世。
本研究支持灞河期单独作为一个地层年代单位,为哺乳动物化石的区域对比提供了相对准确的年代界定,同时结合与其它
盆地同时期沉积的对比探讨了灞河组的沉积环境和古气候,认为当时为半干旱型草原气候,沉积环境和气候与上覆的蓝田
组有很大不同。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献