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2021年5月22日青海玛多MW7.4地震作为发生在巴颜喀拉块体内部的一次强震,再次引起了人们对该地区地震活动性的强烈关注.本文基于震后GNSS流动观测和区域连续GNSS站资料,解算了106个站点的同震形变及其中17个站点的高频形变波形.同震形变场显示玛多地震具有典型的左旋走滑特征,GNSS观测到的最大同震位移达到1.2 m.GNSS与InSAR数据相符度较高,GNSS提供了准确的近场形变信息.基于GNSS同震形变场,本文反演了断层滑动分布,并计算了发震断层上产生的库仑应力变化.结果表明,发震断层的滑动破裂存在多个凹凸体,破裂分段特征明显且出露地表,与野外地表破裂考察和余震分布吻合,主体破裂位于断层面0~10 km的浅部区域,最大滑动量达到4.6 m,地震矩1.63×1020N·m,矩震级为MW7.4;发震断层上静态库仑应力增加区域与余震分布具有一致性,说明余震主要是由静态库仑应力加载而触发的. 相似文献
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2017年8月8日四川省九寨沟县发生M_s7.0地震.本文基于Sentinel-1 SAR影像,利用InSAR技术获取了此次地震的同震形变场,反演获得同震滑动分布,计算了同震位错对余震分布和周边断层的静态库仑应力变化,并对发震构造进行了分析讨论.结果表明:①InSAR同震形变场显示,九寨沟地震造成地表形变最大量级约为20 cm(雷达视线方向),同震形变存在非对称性分布特征.②同震位错以左旋走滑为主,主要发生在4~16 km深度,最大滑动量约为77 cm,位于9 km深处.反演得到的矩震级为Mw6.46.同震错动未破裂到地表.③大部分余震发生在库仑应力增加区.此次地震增加了震中周边地区一些断裂的库仑应力,如东昆仑断裂带东段、龙日坝断裂、虎牙断裂等.④东昆仑断裂东段的未来地震危险性值得关注.⑤九寨沟地震的发震断层为树正断裂,可能是虎牙断裂的北西延伸隐伏部分,此次地震是巴颜喀拉块体南东向运动受到华南块体的强烈阻挡过程中发生的一次典型构造事件. 相似文献
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针对2010年4月14日玉树发生MS7.1地震,本文利用InSAR数据给出同震视线向位移确定出的发震断层空间展布,并以该同震位移为约束反演得到主震和最大余震的同震位错分布.结果表明,主震同震位错发生在东玉树断裂,最大余震同震位错发生在西玉树断裂东端;基于位错分布计算了同震库仑应力变化与西部余震集中区地震活动之间的关系,结果反映玉树主震后最为活跃的余震活动可能受控于近东西向的次级断层(走向约为85°),而非玉树主干断裂;玉树断裂带整体呈现为左旋走滑运动,但其具体断层运动形式表现出主干断裂典型走滑运动、走滑断裂间的拉张和逆冲性质的次级运动、次级断裂与主干断裂相互作用下更为复杂的多方向次级断层活动等等不同变形特征,而主震同震破裂与余震空间分布均与这些不同断层变形方式有着密切关系. 相似文献
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2022年1月8日,在青海省门源县海原断裂带冷龙岭断裂西段和托莱山断裂东端发生了MW6.6地震,发育了明显地震地表破裂带.本文基于欧空局哨兵1号雷达影像,利用InSAR技术获取了门源地震的同震形变场,升降轨InSAR同震视线向位移表现出相反的形变特征,量级达到～60 cm左右,同震形变存在非对称性分布特征,结合高分7号观测解译了近断层地表形变.利用InSAR观测反演获得了发震断层参数及详细滑动分布,计算了同震库仑应力变化,并对发震构造及震中区域未来地震危险性进行了分析讨论.结果表明：门源地震至少有两条断裂发生了破裂,主断层对应冷龙岭断裂西段,InSAR确定的最优断层模型显示主断层东段存在沿走向变化特征,西段则在地质解译断层基础上向西延伸,次断层对应地质解译的托莱山断裂东端,两个断裂组成一个平躺的Y型分布.断层最大滑动量约为～3.7 m,断层浅部存在滑动,表明该地震破裂到了地表,地表破裂长度约19 km.主断层滑动主要集中在0～9 km深度范围;次断层滑动主要集中在0～4 km深度范围,InSAR确定的矩震级为MW6.6.库仑应力变化结果显示民... 相似文献
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2021年MS7.4玛多地震是发生在青藏高原巴颜喀拉块体内部的一次左旋走滑型地震,地表沿发震断层——江错断裂形成了150 km长的破裂带和分叉现象.本研究基于玛多地震主震及余震的三维空间分布特征,依据断层走向与倾角的分段变化构建了江错断层的三维精细模型,并顾及GNSS速度场、采用黏弹性本构关系、依据库仑破裂准则,利用ANSYS有限元计算并分析了江错断层面上的应力演化过程.结果表明：江错断层面西段末端浅部区域(<10 km)、中段深部区域(>10 km)以及东段末端区域的库仑破裂应力积累速率和等效应力要显著大于其他区域,与玛多地震主震及余震序列存在较好的空间对应关系,意味着高水平的应力积累是诱发玛多主震及余震发育的主要原因.同时,地表沿江错断层分布的高应力区与玛多地震地表破裂带位置基本一致,表明玛多地震对地表高应力区产生的扰动是导致地表破裂的原因.而在震源深度(17 km)水平面内,江错断层东段末端应力集中区的空间范围远大于该处已发余震的分布范围,暗示玛多地震序列并不会使得江错断裂东段积累的构造应力全部释放;结合模拟揭示的江错断裂断层面上应力扩展趋势,推... 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海省果洛州玛多县发生MW7.4地震,此次地震产生的地表破裂在空间上表现出明显的分段特征.本文基于不同来源的GNSS连续观测网数据获取了此次地震的精细三维同震形变场,结果显示:观测到的最大水平位移量达到280 mm,最大垂直形变量仅为25 mm,暗示此次地震的逆冲分量较小;此次地震具有较为明显的左旋走滑特征,同震形变基本对称,在NW-SE向的影响范围更广,该方向上水平同震形变大于3 mm的震中距范围超过500 km.进而,本文以余震精定位结果和GNSS观测到的三维同震形变场为约束,构建了地表破裂线为折线、倾角为85°、倾向西南的断层模型,反演了滑动破裂分布.结果显示:滑动破裂分布在震中两侧不均匀,均破裂到地表,破裂深度达到15 km左右,最大滑移量为4.73 m,计算的矩震级为MW7.37.该结果与余震精定位结果具有很好的一致性,破裂的极值区正好位于早期余震空区,推测该余震空区未来的发震风险性较低.最后基于反演结果模拟计算了震中区域形变和应变场,结合应变值在断层地表迹线东南侧呈现挤压特征和已有的研究成果,推测此次地震增强了巴颜喀拉块体在东部地区挤压应力的积累特征,导致东部地区发震危险性增强,值得后续跟踪研究. 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海省果洛藏族自治州玛多县发生MS7.4地震,震中位于青藏高原中部的巴颜喀拉块体,这是近20多年来在巴颜喀拉块体周边发生8次M≥7级强震后,块体内部的一次强震,也是汶川地震以来中国大陆发生的最大一次地震,因此该地震的成因及周边地区未来的地震危险性值得重点关注.本文利用震后及时获取的39个近场流动GNSS观测,联合61个GNSS连续观测、Sentinel-1和ALOS-2 InSAR观测获取了本次地震精细的同震形变场,以此为约束,基于均匀弹性半无限位错模型,反演了发震断层的滑动分布,并计算了同震库仑应力变化.GNSS水平同震形变十分显著,断层南北两侧的GNSS点位,最大水平形变分别达0.7 m和-1.2 m,距震中200 km的测点仍有1 cm左右的同震形变.Sentinel-1和ALOS-2的升降轨InSAR同震形变场显示此次地震造成了约160 km长的地表破裂,最大视线向形变分别达0.9 m和1.2 m.同震滑动分布模型显示,发震断层由主段和次段组成,长度分别为170 km和20 km,主段倾向北,倾角85°,平均滑动角为-4.36°,表明玛多地震是一次典型的走滑型地震.次段倾向南,倾角68°,平均滑动角为-11.84°.地震破裂主要集中在0~15 km深度范围,最大滑动量为4.4 m,对应深度6.97 km.反演给出的矩震量为1.61×1020N·m,对应矩震级MW7.4.主发震断层上存在4个凹凸体,玛多地震是一次不对称双侧破裂事件.结合余震精定位、野外调查及地质资料,我们认为主发震断裂为昆仑山口—江错断裂,东部的次级破裂与主破裂机制不同.同震库仑应力结果显示,东昆仑断裂玛沁段应力有所增加(>0.01 MPa),处于应力加载状态,未来发生强震的危险性较高. 相似文献
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基于InSAR技术,利用欧空局升降轨Sentinel-1A/IW宽幅数据,获取了2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震InSAR同震形变场,并以升降轨InSAR观测结果为约束,反演了断层滑动分布,基于三种不同接收断层计算了同震库仑应力变化.结果表明,同震形变场发生在塔藏断裂、岷江断裂和虎牙断裂交汇的三角地带,升降轨干涉位移均显示本次地震的形变场影响范围约为50 km×50 km,形变场长轴方向为NW向,升降轨观测的形变量相反,反映断层运动性质以走滑运动为主,升降轨数据观测得到的最大LOS （Line of Sight,视线向）形变量分别为~22 cm和~14 cm.非对称形变场反映出断层两侧的运动差异.反演结果显示,最大滑动量约为1 m,平均滑动角为-9°,矩震级为MW6.5,地震破裂主要集中在地下1~15 km深度范围内,但整体而言本次地震破裂较为充分,基本将该区域1973年及1976年4次 > MW6.0地震的破裂空区完全破裂.考虑到塔藏断裂和虎牙断裂的运动性质,可初步判定发震断层为虎牙断裂北侧延伸分支.基于三种不同接收断层模型的同震库仑应力变化计算结果反映出该区域以应力释放为主,进一步触发较大走滑型余震的可能性不大. 相似文献
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2022年9月5日四川泸定县发生M6.8级强震,震中位于鲜水河断裂东南末端,野外地质调查初步结果显示本次地震并未发现明显的地表破裂迹象.本文基于震后科考GNSS流动观测和震中周边连续站观测资料,解算并提取震中90 km范围内31个测站的静态水平向同震位移.结果显示：GNSS同震形变场空间分布呈现明显的左旋走滑特征,观测到的最大水平向同震位移达23 cm,震中距50 km范围内同震位移量普遍大于1 cm.基于GNSS观测资料反演得到的同震滑动分布显示泸定地震地表破裂主要集中在磨西至田湾之间,主破裂深度2～8 km,最大滑动量～1.96 m,地震矩9.25×1018N·m,对应矩震级MW6.6.静态库仑应力结果显示本次地震增强了震源破裂区周边活动断层的库仑应力,并触发了大量余震,余震主要发生在库仑应力增强区域.结合震间闭锁分布、历史地震及库仑应力变化,我们认为未来需要密切关注与磨西断裂交接的安宁河、大凉山断裂以及康定—磨西段的地震危险性. 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献