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1.
采用基于高通量测序平台的SLAF-seq技术开发蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)微卫星标记,从获得的1 450个四至六碱基重复微卫星位点中随机挑选93个位点进行引物合成和多态性检测,最终开发出31个多态性微卫星标记.群体遗传学检测结果表明,31个位点的等位基因数为4~29(均值13.48),观测杂合度(Ho)为0.281~0.875(均值0.650),期望杂合度(He)为0.557~0.958(均值0.838),多态信息含量值(PIC)为0.456~0.939(均值0.803),表明所开发的31个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性.Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,17个位点符合HWE("哈迪-温伯格"平衡),且各位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象.跨物种扩增结果显示,分别有27、20、20、18、9个微卫星标记在颌圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)、长身圆鲹(Decapterus macrosoma)、无斑圆鲹(Decapterus kurroides)、竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)及金带细鲹(Selaroides leptolepis)中具有较好的通用性.本研究开发的多态性长碱基重复微卫星标记可为蓝圆鲹渔业资源的科学管理和保护提供有力的遗传学评估手段,亦可为圆鲹属和鲹科鱼类系统进化研究提供新的分析手段. 相似文献
2.
探究横带髭鲷(Hapalogenysanalis)的种质资源情况以及群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,对于其增养殖实践尤为重要。微卫星分子标记在研究物种种质情况及遗传信息方面有很大优势。采用基因组survey测序方法开发横带髭鲷微卫星位点,结果表明,横带髭鲷基因组大小为543Mb;微卫星位点丰富,共检测到280 378个完美型微卫星位点,相对丰度为415.17个/Mb。二核苷酸重复是最丰富的微卫星类型(56.05%),其次为单核苷酸(29.20%)、三核苷酸(10.28%)、四核苷酸(2.99%)、五核苷酸(1.03%)、六核苷酸(0.45%)重复,短序列重复类型占95.53%。重复单元中A/T, TG/CA为优势重复单元,分别占总微卫星位点数的22.37%和21.98%;10次重复和6次重复的微卫星位点数量最多,占横带髭鲷基因组微卫星总数的14.60%和12.46%。利用筛选出的20对多态性微卫星位点扩增一个供试群体进行群体遗传学检测。结果表明,各位点等位基因数从5到13不等,均值为8.75个;平均观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.808和0.863;多态信息含量(PIC)均... 相似文献
3.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):207-236
The management of abalone stocks worldwide is complicated by factors such as illegal fishing combined with the difficulties of assessing a sedentary (but not immobile) resource that is often patchily distributed. The South African abalone Haliotis midae fishery is faced with an additional problem in the form of a relatively recent movement of rock lobsters Jasus lalandii into much of the range of the abalone. The lobsters have heavily reduced sea urchin Parechinus angulosus populations, thereby indirectly negatively impacting juvenile abalone which rely on the urchins for shelter. A model is developed for abalone that is an extension of more standard age-structured assessment models because it explicitly takes spatial effects into account, incorporates the ecosystem change effect described above and estimates the magnitude of substantial illegal (‘poached’) catches. The model is simultaneously fitted to catch per unit effort and Fishery-Independent Abalone Survey abundance data, as well as to several years of catch-at-age (cohort-sliced from catch-at-size) data for the various components of the fishery and different spatial strata. It constitutes the first quantitative approach applied to the management of this commercially valuable resource in South Africa and has provided a basis for management advice over recent years by projecting abundance trends under alternative future catch levels. 相似文献
4.
黑棘鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)是广泛分布于西北太平洋的暖温性中下层经济鱼类,也是我国沿海重要的海洋捕捞鱼类和增养殖对象。然而,目前有关黑棘鲷的微卫星标记研究报道较少,难以对其种质资源状况作出精确评估。本研究采用SLAF-seq技术测序共获得22489个二至六碱基重复的黑棘鲷微卫星序列,短重复序列(二、三碱基)占总微卫星序列的90.8%,长重复序列(四至六碱基)占有9.2%。经过157对随机合成引物的多态性筛选,开发出49个高多态性的黑棘鲷微卫星标记,其中短重复序列位点有25个,长重复序列位点有24个。每个位点的等位基因数(Na)为2—20(均值为8.3),观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.097—0.938和0.122—0.922(均值分别为0.663和0.701),多态信息含量(PIC)为0.118—0.897(均值为0.655)。经Bonferroni校正后,有47个位点符合哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE),各位点间未检测到连锁不平衡现象,仅2个位点偏离HWE。结果表明,所开发的大部分微卫星标记具有高多态性,蕴含的遗传信息含量较为丰富,能够为黑棘鲷的种群遗传资源评估提供数量充足、类型多样的有效分子标记。跨物种扩增结果显示,有43个黑棘鲷微卫星标记可在9种鲷科鱼类中成功扩增,其中28个标记在太平洋棘鲷(Acanthopagruspacificus)、黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagruslatus)和澳洲棘鲷(Acanthopagrusaustralis)中具有较好的通用性,2个标记在平鲷(Rhabdosargussarba)、蓝点赤鲷(Pagruscaeruleostictus)、真赤鲷(Pagrusmajor)、二长棘犁齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)及黄牙鲷(Dentex hypselosomus)中具有通用性。这些通用性标记可为阐明鲷科属、种间的系统进化关系和棘鲷属鱼类的群体遗传学分析提供新的标记来源和研究角度。 相似文献
5.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):501-504
The extent to which the relationship between juvenile abalone Haliotis midae and sea urchins Parechinus angulosus is induced by their physical habitat along the Namaqualand coast of South Africa was investigated. Correlation analyses between the proportion of abalone utilising sea urchins for refuge and the proportion of habitat defined as exposed were computed from 28 experimental seeding sites in Port Nolloth on the north-west coast of South Africa. A highly significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.72, p < 0.05). It was concluded that, along the Namaqualand coast, under-boulder habitat was the most important factor determining the survival of juvenile abalone (size 12–26mm). Site selection should therefore be based on the suitability of the physical substratum to provide shelter for juvenile abalone along that coast. 相似文献
6.
为充分挖掘绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus modestus)基因组资源,开发可用于群体遗传学研究的分子标记,本研究利用NCBI数据库中公布的绿鳍马面鲀全基因组序列筛查微卫星位点并在野生群体中验证,在85个选取的位点中筛选得到30个新的多态性较高的微卫星标记。每个微卫星标记的等位基因数为4~16,平均为8.5个;观测杂合度范围为0.207~0.916,平均值为0.685;期望杂合度范围为0.315~0.971,平均值为0.756;多态信息含量范围为0.301~0.898,平均值为0.716,其中属于高度多态的位点有26个,占总位点数的86.67%;经过Bonferroni校正后,有7个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。将30个绿鳍马面鲀多态性微卫星标记在丝背细鳞鲀(Stephanolepis cirrhifer)中进行通用性检测,其中13个位点成功扩增,9个位点具有多态性。本研究开发的微卫星标记可用于绿鳍马面鲀及相关物种的遗传多样性分析、QTL定位以及系统进化等研究。 相似文献
7.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):145-156
Previous field observations have suggested an association between the urchin Parechinus angulosus and juveniles of the abalone Haliotis midae. To test the generality and nature of this association, surveys were carried out at five sites between Cape Point and Danger Point in the kelp beds of the South-Western Cape, South Africa. These showed that both species occupy primarily hard substrata, showing preferences for encrusting coralline algae. They also confirmed a strong, positive relationship between urchins and juvenile abalone. Of the juvenile abalone sampled, more than 98% were found beneath sea urchins. All small (3–10 mm) and medium-sized(11–20 mm) juvenile abalone were under urchins, whether on flat or vertical reef, or in crevices. A small proportion (～10%) of larger juveniles(21–35 mm) was not found under urchins, and in these instances they occupied crevices instead. These findings are of particular importance in terms of their implications for the lucrative commercial abalone fishery in South Africa, indicating that urchins are of critical importance to the continued survival of viable abalone populations. There has been a dramatic decrease in natural populations of sea urchins over the past five years in the heart of the abalone fishing grounds, and the present findings suggest that this will lead to recruitment failure of abalone, because juvenile abalone seem dependent on the urchins. The long-term consequences for the industry may be crucial. 相似文献
8.
Pacific whiteleg shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) is an economically relevant shrimp species in many Asian countries. The specific objective of the current research was to assess microsatellite markers in screening the fastgrowth of domesticated L. vannamei stocks to establish a founder population for breeding-selection plans. The postlarvae produced by the reproduction of second generation broodstock were cultured in the same conditions throughout a five months growing period. Ninety juvenile shrimp were selected from the slow-, medium- and the fast-growth groups, and ten microsatellite markers were used to investigate their genetic diversity, and to understand the improvement of a breeding-selection scheme. Ten polymorphic loci(markers)(M1–M10) were produced at ten loci in this sample, among them Primer M8 was the highest polymorphic locus and M7 was the lowest one. A specific locus was found in the fast-growth group using Primer M5. The longest genetic distance(0.481) was determined between the fast- and medium-growth groups and the shortest(0.098) was between the slow- and medium-growth groups; therefore, the largest genetic identity(0.946) was observed between the slowand medium-growth groups and the smallest(0.667) was observed between the medium- and fast-growth groups.The Unweighted Paired Group with Arithmetic Average(UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distances provided two different groups; the first consist of the slow- and medium-growth groups and the second the fastgrowth group. Selection response and realized heritability for growth were 11.55% and 31.26%, respectively.Therefore, this set of microsatellite markers would provide a useful tool in shrimp breeding schemes. 相似文献
9.
对均一化转录组测序获得的47604个曼氏无针乌贼的微卫星序列进行分析,结果表明,乌贼转录组中微卫星位点丰富,每1402nt的EST中就有一段不小于12nt长度的微卫星序列。单碱基重复是EST微卫星序列的主要形式(38.69%),其次依次为三碱基(31.14%)、二碱基(26.35%)、四碱基(3.29%)、五碱基(0.38%)、六碱基(0.14%)重复,短序列类型占微卫星总量的96.18%。同碱基类型的微卫星序列组成又存在差异,AC(54.51%)和AG(31.22%)是最常见的二碱基重复序列;而AGC(16.37%)和AAC(14.06%)是最常见的三碱基重复序列。通过引物设计和体系优化,共筛选到了24对多态性微卫星位点,对来自福建漳州海域的35只野生曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)个体进行群体遗传学检测,结果表明,每个位点检测到的等位基因数3—10个不等(均值5.9个);平均杂合度观测值(Ho)和期望值(H_e)分别为0.518和0.681。除2个位点外所有位点的多态信息含量(PIC)都大于0.5。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,仅4个位点有显著偏离(P0.05),未检测到连锁不平衡现象。这表明转录组高通量测序技术适于乌贼微卫星位点的开发,获得的SSR标记可用于今后乌贼资源遗传评估和科学有效管理过程。 相似文献
10.
为了解许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)微卫星标记与生长性状的相关性,选取26个微卫星标记在海捕许氏平鲉群体中进行微卫星筛选,每个微卫星位点的等位基因数(Na)在3~21,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.1815~15.5676;观测杂合度(Ho)范围为0.0417~0.9999;期望杂合度(He)范围为0.1581~0.9456;多态信息含量(PIC)范围为0.1509~0.9320。利用单标记分析法分析了多态性较高(PIC0.5)的22个标记与体长、体质量、体高的相关性,结果显示3个标记与生长性状显著相关,其中HJ2-32与体长、体质量和体高显著相关(P0.05),并推断等位基因D与C对于体质量、体长、体高分别具有重要的正向与负向影响;HJ7-2与体质量显著相关;HJ7-22与体长显著相关,并推测等位基因F对体长具有正向影响,等位基因B对体长有负面影响。这些标记可为许氏平鲉分子标记辅助育种提供基础。 相似文献
11.
鲍是重要的海珍品,羊鲍(Haliotisovina)是主要生活在热带岩岸潮间带大型经济鲍类底栖动物。为了研究南海岛礁羊鲍资源及其栖息环境,我们在宣德群岛的永兴岛和七连屿,永乐群岛的羚羊礁、甘泉岛和晋卿岛进行了羊鲍资源分布及其栖息水环境研究。按照《海岛调查技术规程》中潮间带岩岸大型底栖生物调查方法,对羊鲍进行取样调查。按照《海洋调查规范第4部分:海水化学要素调查》(GB T 12763.4-2007),对羊鲍栖息地水环境的总无机氮、活性磷酸盐、悬浮物和叶绿素a等海水化学要素进行分析。结果表明,羊鲍在永乐群岛和宣德群岛都有分布,这些岛礁按永兴岛、七连屿、羚羊礁、甘泉岛和晋卿岛的顺序,分布密度依次增加,个头大小依次增大,总体来说羊鲍资源量小,有的岛礁海区几乎绝迹,亟需开展生态增殖和资源养护研究工作。水质调查表明,除永兴岛站位的悬浮物指标因填海作业未达标外,各站位的水质指标均达一类水标准且具有一定稳定性。因此,尽管南海岛礁受人类活动的影响,但该海域仍适合羊鲍栖息,是羊鲍资源养护、底播生态增殖和生态养护的适宜场所,符合建立海洋保护区的国家水质标准和环境条件。 相似文献
12.
随着鲍的人工育苗数量的不断增多,以及幼鲍从室内培养池移入海区的养殖阶段,直到成为种苗的规格(壳长1—1.5厘米),其饵料仍然是养殖成败的关键之一。福建南部海区杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)的种苗培育阶段,正值夏季水温升高,采集天然海藻比较困难,鲍的饵料发生短缺;而且为了进一步弥补和提高鲍的饵料中所含蛋白质等营养成分,以提高幼鲍和种苗鲍存活率,加快生长速度,除积极开发利用天然海藻资源外,必须广开饵料新途径,因而研制种苗鲍用试验配合饵料,适当增加能促 相似文献
13.
为拓展养殖空间,发展开放海区鲍养殖产业,在福建兴化湾新开发海区进行了抗风浪养鲍新技术的研究,对开放海区与传统遮蔽养殖海区、延绳式PVC管养技术与传统筏架式筐养技术进行了分析比较.结果表明,经19个月的养殖,开放海区PVC管养组鲍的日均增质量以及成活率分别为(106.41±5.33)mg/d和82.75％,显著大于处在开放海区和遮蔽海区的2个筐养组(P＜0.05).冬春季为鲍的最佳生长时期,其日均增长表现为PVC管养组大于筐养组(P＜0.05);开放海区大于传统遮蔽养殖海区(P＜0.05).养殖器具的污损生物附着量则表现为所有筐养组均显著大于PVC管养组(P＜0.05).夏秋季采用水下延绳式PVC管养模式还能有效地避免高温、污损生物和台风的侵袭与危害. 相似文献
14.
The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study. 相似文献
15.
基于微卫星标记的洞庭青鲫与三个鲫品系群体遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取12个微卫星标记对洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratus var.Dongtingking)、野生二倍体和三倍体鲫(C.auratus)、彭泽鲫(C.auratus var.pengzesis)4个鲫品系群体进行遗传多样性检测。在12个基因座位中,共检测出78个等位基因,其中14个为共有等位基因;每个座位检测到等位基因4—12个,平均等位基因数6.58个;4个鲫品系群体的平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.633、0.750、0.800、0.717;平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.502、0.713、0.757、0.602;平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.364、0.599、0.637、0.470。上述结果表明,野生二倍体和三倍体鲫的遗传多样性较为丰富,以三倍体鲫的遗传多样性为最高;而洞庭青鲫和彭泽鲫养殖群体存在杂合度降低,遗传多样性下降的现象,以洞庭青鲫的遗传多样性为最低。基于遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树表明,洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫两个养殖群体聚为一支,而二倍体与三倍体野鲫群体聚为另一支,说明洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫之间亲缘关系较近,野生二倍体与三倍体鲫之间的亲缘关系较近。研究不同倍性鲫品系的遗传多样性,对于探讨鲫的多倍体起源演化以及鲫品系的种质资源保护和选育种实践具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
A Nel BI Pletschke CLW Jones J Kemp G Robinson PJ Britz 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(2):183-192
The effect of kelp Ecklonia maxima inclusion in formulated feeds on abalone growth and gut bacterial communities has not been previously investigated in South Africa. An eight-month on-farm growth trial was conducted with sub-adult Haliotis midae (～43 mm shell length) fed graded levels of kelp in formulated feeds. Kelp inclusion (0.44–3.54% of pellet dry mass) promoted faster growth (65.7–74.5% total mass gain), with better feed and protein conversions (apparent feed conversion ratio [FCR] 1.4–1.8, apparent protein efficiency ratio [PER] 2.3–2.7), as compared with the non-supplemented feed (52.3% total mass gain, FCR 2.1, PER 1.9; p < 0.001). Abalone-gut bacterial DNA was sequenced using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and the sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% similarity level. A supplementary 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was employed. The dominant OTUs differed in terms of their relative abundances, with an autochthonous Mycoplasma strain being significantly more abundant (p = 0.03) in the gut of abalone fed a kelp-supplemented feed. The DGGE band patterns displayed higher within-group variability for abalone fed the control diet, suggesting that dietary kelp inclusion promotes gut-bacteria homeostasis. This may contribute to better feed utilisation and growth in abalone fed kelp-supplemented feeds. 相似文献
17.
基于微卫星的泥蚶5个地理群体遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究泥蚶不同地理群体的系统发育关系和遗传多样性,运用微卫星DNA标记,对浙江温州(ZJ)、山东日照(SD)、韩国釜山(KR)、广西企沙(GX)、海南海口(HN)等5个泥蚶地理群体进行了17个基因位点的遗传多样性分析。结果显示,从17对引物中共检测出115个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数(Na)2~12个。有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.192~7.849,平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.430~0.516,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.573~0.656,5个群体的平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.525~0.608。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验表明,51.2%的微卫星位点偏离平衡状态(P0.05)。5个群体间的种群遗传分化系数(FST)为0.012~0.062,呈现出较低的遗传分化。UPMGA聚类分析表明,浙江群体和韩国群体首先聚在一起,亲缘关系最近,然后与海南群体聚合;广西群体和山东群体亲缘关系较近,聚为一支,然后与上面三个群体聚合。 相似文献
18.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):513-516
High levels of infestation by the polychaete Terebrasabella heterouncinata on cultured abalone may be attributed to elevated levels of fecundity in comparison with conspecifics in their natural habitat. It is not, however, known if a high reproductive output is sustained throughout the animal's life. The present study therefore measured the effect of age on various reproductive parameters of T. heterouncinata from cultured abalone Haliotis midae. Age did not have a significant effect on body size, fecundity or rate at which eggs were laid. However, age had an affect on the proportion of the population that was brooding offspring, because a significantly lower percentage of the youngest age-group was brooding eggs or young, in comparison with the older groups. T. heterouncinata are long-lived, surviving for over four years on abalone farms and can therefore spread their reproductive effort over an extended period, instead of restricting it to a limited period during its early life. The ability to maintain a high fecundity irrespective of age may contribute to the success of this pest on abalone farms. 相似文献
19.
2011年秋,福建和广东地区养殖的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)相继暴发死亡。同年12月,我们从广东汕头病区取样分离得到2株弧菌,其中bb3为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus), bb4为哈氏弧菌(V. harveyi)。本研究以bb3、bb4作为供试菌株对1龄皱纹盘鲍进行侵染实验,获得如下结果：20℃条件下,供试菌及其胞外产物粗提液注射处理均可致受试鲍死亡,浓度2.5×107 cfu/mL 的 bb3与2.0×107cfu/mL的bb4悬液注射可分别引发43.33%和78.02%的受试鲍死亡;供试菌株的致死毒性与注射弧菌的总量正相关,与受试幼鲍的壳长、全湿重负相关;注射或浸泡-创伤两种处理方式均可导致受试鲍死亡,并且因注射供试弧菌而死亡的幼鲍软体部组织被健康鲍取食后也可引发取食者死亡;从侵染实验死亡的受试鲍软体部组织中可重新分离得到这2种供试弧菌。上述结果表明,溶藻弧菌 bb3和哈氏弧菌bb4是皱纹盘鲍的病原菌。药敏试验表明, bb3、bb4均已对抗生素具有一定程度的耐药性,在测试的20种抗生素中,仅有头孢曲松和丁胺卡那霉素是这2株弧菌同时高度敏感的抗生素,但bb3和bb4却对8种抗生素同时表现出抗性。 相似文献
20.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):383-394
Abalone feed in South Africa is mainly produced from locally sourced grains and has soy or fishmeal as a protein source. Contamination with fungal species associated with grain-based animal feed is, therefore, a predictable risk. Various Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus species are known to produce mycotoxins when colonising grains. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species in the ingredients of compound abalone feeds as well as in final abalone-feed products. In this study, 248 fungal isolates were obtained from feed ingredients and compound abalone feeds collected from three different South African abalone farms and one feed supplier. Morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the fungi isolated. Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus species were consistently isolated. The presence of these species does not always result in mycotoxin contamination. 相似文献