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对虾养殖水质与饵料的关系研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文报道投喂不同厂家生产的对虾配合饵料致使水质因子变化的比较试验。结果表明：对虾养殖水体的ｐＨ、溶解氧及氨氮含量的变化和饵料的质量有直接关系，且影响到对虾的生存。而养殖水体的盐度、温度的变化和饵料的相关性不甚明显。文中还对配合饵料影响养殖水质因子变化的机理作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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高位池养殖南美白对虾与斑节对虾的对比试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于2001年进行高位池养殖南美白对虾与斑节对虾的对比试验，结果表明，南美白对虾在生长速度，单位面积产量，产值、存活率，饵料系数和抗病能力等方面明显优于斑节对虾，适合于推广养殖。 相似文献
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对虾养殖生产中,饵料是主要的影响因素之一。由于鱼粉涨价,采用豆饼配合饵料养殖对虾已在世界各地广为传用。本文总结了各地投喂豆饼配合饵料对对虾幼虫和稚虫的存活率、生长特性和饵料利用率的影响。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾的遗传育种研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei Boone),由于其生长快,抗环境变化能力强,对饵料的要求低,肉味鲜美、出肉率高,成为世界上公认的优良养殖对虾品种之一.凡纳滨对虾自1998年从美国夏威夷再次引进到中国华南,并相继突破集约化防病养殖和全人工繁育技术以来[1],已成为中国海水养殖动物中发展最快的一个种类,其养殖产量已达到中国养殖对虾产量的80%～90%.然而目前中国凡纳滨对虾亲虾多数直接从虾塘挑选,造成品质参差不齐,抗病力下降,生产周期延长,严重制约了中国凡纳滨对虾养殖业持续健康发展.凡纳滨对虾亟需形成稳定优良的养殖品系. 相似文献
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前言随着对虾养殖生产的迅速发展,对虾所需饵料问题已成为生产单位的重点研究课题。目前对虾所需要的饵料大宗产品为贻贝、小杂鱼、杂虾,其他辅以人工配合饵料。而对一些低值贝类如兰蛤、寻氏肌蛤等虽已引起人们的重视,组织采收投喂对虾,但是经调查证明:一是有些低值贝类每年的自然资源量不够稳定,二是人为因素的影响,酷捕滥采,使资源受到一定的破坏。鉴于上述原因,作者自1982年来对乳山内湾的兰蛤从一定生态学范围内进行了初步的探讨,积累了一定的数据,对今后如何利用和保护该种资源开展其增养殖提供了依据。 相似文献
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白对虾（Penaeus vannamei）对维生素C,E的需求量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｖａｎｎａｍｅｉ）是当今世界公认最有养殖前途的三大优良虾种（中国对虾、斑节对虾和白对虾）之一。其生长快、出肉率高、可全年育苗生产、对水环境抗逆性和抗病能力强、离水存活时间长便于活虾出售，而且是广盐性对虾、食性杂、饵料要求不严格、肉质鲜美，深受消费者的青睐。而饵料中维生素Ｃ和Ｅ的含量对养殖好白对虾却是十分重要的。过去有过维生素Ｃ和Ｅ对日本对虾和鱼所需要的研究（１，２，３）。今 相似文献
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在对虾配合饵料研究中，首先要了解对虾对各种饵料成分的消化利用能力，才能配成成本低、生长效果好的饵料。评价消化利用能力的标准之一就是对虾消化酶的种类及其比活力的大小。
近年来，随着甲壳动物养殖事业的发展，已有不少学者在甲壳动物中做过消化酶的研究。但从目前的研究来看，由于每一种甲壳动物各占有不同的小生境，消化酶的种类和比活力的大小存在着差别，因而很难利用这些研究结果来评价中国对虾Penaeus orientalis 对各种饵料成分的消化利用能力。为此本文对中国对虾消化酶进行探讨。 相似文献
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投喂频率对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)生长、饲料利用及虾体组成影响的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本实验选用商品饲料饲养平均初体重为0．09g的南美白对虾，经过30d的生长实验，研究不同投喂频率对南美白对虾生长、成活以及饲料利用的影响。结果表明，随着投喂频率由3次／天增加到5次／天，南美白对虾的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著提高，而饲料系数则显著降低，但当投喂频率由5次／天增加到7次／天时，南美白对虾增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率并无显著提高。对对虾全虾体主要组成成分的分析表明南美白对虾体主要组成成分并不受投喂频率增加的影响。 相似文献
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At a temperature of 23.0~24.8℃,the mixed feeding of Japanese anchovy larvae was initiated 24 h before the yolk-sac was exhausted.The point of no return(PNR) was reached on the 6th day after hatching.On the 4th day after hatching,the pectoral angle appeared in both fed and unfed anchovy larvae although it was more evident and sharper in the starved and the PNR stage larvae than in the fed ones.According to observations of larvae collected in the sea,the pectoral angles were evident not only in the larvae of 3.62~7.44 mm in standard length,but also in the larvae of 2.70 mm in standard length with remnants of yolk.The pectoral angles became diffuse when the larvae reached 7.84 mm and vanished at 9.86 mm.The pectoral angle cannot be used as a criterion to distinguish healthy from starving larvae. 相似文献
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不同池塘养殖模式的环境氮磷负荷及其水质特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008年3月至2009年1月研究了广东海丰县东关联安围湿地两种投饵养殖模式——对虾主养(半集约化养殖)和虾蟹混养(半集约化养殖)海水池塘的环境氮磷负荷和养殖水体氮磷含量的周年变化情况,并以不投饵的塭围虾贝混养(粗放式养殖)模式为对照。3种模式中,池塘单位面积环境氮、磷负荷以对虾主养模式最高,分别为36.52 kg/hm2和7.39 kg/hm2;虾蟹混养模式次之,分别为1.49 kg/hm2和0.52kg/hm2;而塭围虾贝混养模式最低,分别为–2.47 kg/hm2和–0.34 kg/hm2。每月1次对3种模式养殖过程中水体的总氮、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮和总磷及磷酸盐含量进行监测,结果表明,与养殖环境氮磷负荷大小相对应,塭围虾贝混养池塘水质最好,虾蟹混养池塘次之,而对虾主养池塘水质最差,这种现象尤其在养殖后期更为明显。 相似文献
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2005年4月以三疣梭子蟹各期幼体为实验动物,开展了短期停食对三疣梭子蟹幼体存活与变态影响试验.结果表明:完全停食处理条件下三疣梭子蟹各期幼体的平均全致死时间按发育先后次序(Z1,Z2,Z2,Z4,M)依次为81,120,141,162和200 h,平均半致死时间为39,66,90,64和174h;短期停食后恢复正常给饵条件下三疣梭子蟹各期幼体停食处理后的变态临界点按发育先后次序依次为停食处理后的33,57,69,54和150 h;单次停食时间在变态临界点内,先停食后正常给饵与"给饵+停食"循环两处理模式中各期幼体的存活率和变态率均随着停食时间的延长而下降,幼体变态所需时间和变态后个体死亡率也分别随之延长和增加,其中Z1停食3 h组与"给饵3 h+停食3 h"循环组、Z2停食4 h组与"给饵4 h+停食4 h"循环组、Z3停食4.5 h组与"给饵4.5 h+停食4.5 h"循环组,Z4停食6 h组与"给饵6 h+停食6 h"循环组、M停食7.5 h组、停食15 h组以及"给饵7.5 h+停食7.5 h"循环组均与对照组无差异.最后,还分别就三疣梭子蟹各期幼体停食处理极限值和限食处理总实验时间的确定、短期停食胁迫对三疣梭子蟹幼体的存活与变态特征以及三疣梭子蟹各期幼体的补偿生长水平及其应用等进行了分析与探讨. 相似文献
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Sung-Yong Oh Min-Suk Kim Joon Yeong Kwon B. A. Venmathi Maran 《Ocean Science Journal》2013,48(3):263-268
The feed intake, growth and body composition of juvenile blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegelii (Sparidae) (5.6 g fish?1) were investigated for 16 weeks in sea cages under seven repetitive feeding cycles: every day feeding (control), 6-day feeding and 1-day fasting (F6.1), 5-day feeding and 1-day fasting (F5.1), 4-day feeding and 1-day fasting (F4.1), 3-day feeding and 1-day fasting (F3.1), 2-day feeding and 1-day fasting (F2.1), and 1-day feeding and 1-day fasting (F1.1). The survival of the fish during the experimental period was not different among the feeding cycles. The greatest weight gain of fish was observed in the control, but not significantly different from that of the F6.1 and F5.1 groups (p > 0.05). Total feed intake and daily feed intake decreased with the increase of fasting frequency, however, actual feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio increased with the increase of the fasting frequency. Proximate composition of the whole body of fish was not affected by different feeding cycles. These results suggest that juvenile blackhead seabreams subjected to repetitive feeding cycles of 6- or 5-days feeding and 1 day fasting for 16 weeks could achieve compensatory growth, and that such mild feeding deprivation could save significant amounts of feed without causing any profit reduction that might result from a decrease in fish size or quality. 相似文献
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鲸具胎生、哺乳、用肺呼吸、体温恒定等典型哺乳动物的特征,由于终生生活在水中,体型庞大。要保持正常的体温和代谢活动。必须消耗大量食物来补充能量。因此,了解鲸的食性、摄食方式及其与渔业的关系就显得十分重要。按摄食方式的不同将须鲸划为过滤型,齿鲸为捕食型;按食物组成和摄食方法的不同,将齿鲸又分成三大类型：食乌贼型、食肉型和食鱼型;须鲸则为食浮游生物型。同时探讨了鲸类造成渔业的损失：直接摄食、毁坏渔具、妨碍作业、争食渔网内的渔获物、驱散鱼群造成鱼捕捞量降低等。渔业对鲸类的主要影响表现为：误捕、食物短缺和噪音等． 相似文献
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Many tropical cnidarians, including anemones and corals, contain symbiotic dinoflagellates known as zooxanthellae. Photosynthesis by symbiotic dinoflagellates benefits the animal host and the proficiency of host metabolism also plays an important role in the nutrient status of the photosynthetic dinoflagellates. We aimed to determine the responses of symbiotic dinoflagellates to host starvation. The ultrastructure and some physiological indicators of symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium sp., zooxanthellae) were examined in starved sea anemones (Stichodactyla mertensii; 3‐, 45‐ and 280‐day starvation). The cell size of zooxanthellae was not affected by starving the host; however, the ultrastructure and other physiological indicators of the zooxanthellae were affected. The photochemical efficiency of symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones after 280 days of starvation was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones after 3‐ and 45‐day starvation. The number of symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones decreased with increasing starvation duration. Generally, the chlorophyll a and c content of symbiotic dinoflagellates decreased significantly with longer anemone starvation. The tentacles of 3‐day starved anemones contained the most zooxanthellae, some of which were dividing and still enclosed within one periplast, and some had split entirely within one host vacuole. Moreover, each cell from 3‐day starved anemone contained up to five or six more mitochondria than those from 45‐ to 280‐day starved anemones. More lipid granules appeared in the zooxanthellae from 45‐ to 280‐day starved anemones. Pyrenoids, lobed accumulation bodies and calcium oxalate crystals existed in the symbiotic dinoflagellates from anemones at different starvation stages, which suggested that their existence had no correlation with host starvation. These findings contribute to an improved mechanistic understanding of the symbiotic relationship between zooxanthellae and anemones. 相似文献