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1.
甘肃西秦岭地区存在钾霞橄黄长岩和钾质粗面玄武岩(钾玄岩)两类钾质火山岩,出露在甘肃西秦岭礼县、宕昌县等,地理坐标大致相当于104°20′～104°50′E,33°30′～34°10′N。钾霞橄黄长岩是一种不含斜长石,但普遍含有高钛金云母、黄长石、白榴石、霞石的岩石,全岩化学成分具低SiO2和Al2O3,富TiO2、CaO、MgO和高K/Na、高Mg#值的特征;钾质粗面玄武岩(钾玄岩)含有大量斜长石但是缺乏高钛金云母、黄长石、白榴石和霞石,全岩化学中SiO2、Al2O3明显高于前者,而TiO2、CaO、MgO、K/Na和Mg#值要比钾霞橄黄长岩低。钾霞橄黄长岩的全岩K/Ar和金云母单矿物的39Ar/40Ar同位素定年落在7.1～23Ma,而钾玄岩的全岩39Ar/40Ar同位素定年落在9Ma左右,因此它们同为中新世产物。两类钾质火山岩具有相似的富集不相容元素和轻稀土的特征。两类钾质火山岩的初始87Sr/86Sr分别在0.70403～0.70749和0.70412～0.70522;143Nd/144Nd分别在0.51274～0.51294和0.51265～0.51276;εNd分别在1.12～5.95和0.3～2.3。206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别落到18.3746～18.9986、15.529～15.6693和38.4971～39.4144。在火山岩源区示踪的143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr,207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb,143Nd/144Nd-206Pb/204Pb,87Sr/86Sr-206Pb/204Pb和Ba/Nb-La/Nb图解中,一致显示两类钾质火山岩具有与OIB相似的地球化学特征,源区可能与地幔柱有关,并具有EM1、DMM和HIMU端员混合特征。结合前人对该区深部地球物理和断裂构造的研究,论证了火山岩的起源与成因,指出作为对印度—欧亚大陆强烈碰撞的吸收与调节,高原下软流圈地幔流沿400km界面向北东方向的侧向流动以及西秦岭周边克拉通块体的阻挡,是形成西秦岭断裂系左行走滑特征和巨大拉分盆地的主要原因,也是导致西秦岭新生代两类钾质火山岩和碳酸岩起源与成因的动力学机制,较好地解释了西秦岭新生代岩浆作用起源深度大,具有地幔柱源的地球化学特征,岩石组合与地球化学有别于高原内部及其周边地区新生代钾质火山岩的原因。 相似文献
2.
甘肃西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩火山作用及其构造含义 总被引：27，自引：6，他引：27
钾霞橄黄长岩是一种产于大洋和/或大陆环境,尤以大陆裂谷最为多见的超钾质火山岩,也是世界上出露最少的火成岩之一,目前世界只有少数几个国家和地区有这类岩石的报道.甘肃西秦岭新生代火山岩是我国目前唯一有报道的钾霞橄黄长岩产区.本文详细介绍了西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩及深源包体的岩石学特征,提供了该区13个岩体30个具代表性的全岩化学和主要矿物的化学成分分析结果,6个具代表性的Sr,Nd,Pb同位素分析结果,以及2个火山岩全岩Ar/Ar同位素定年结果.研究表明西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩主要是中新世火山作用的产物.火山岩的化学成分贫SiO2和Al2O3,富MgO,CaO,TiO2和(K2O+Na2O),以及具有高的[MgO]值(平均大于68)和NNiO
含量(平均在0.3%以上).火山岩中含有丰富的深源包体,岩石的结晶程度很差.所有这些表明西秦岭存在原生钾霞橄黄长岩浆.而且本区钾霞橄黄长岩与碳酸岩密切共生,显示了典型的大陆区钾霞橄黄长岩的特征.火山岩的∑REE在365×10-6～649×10-6之间,其中轻稀土总量(∑LREE)达319×10-6～569×10,尤以强烈富集大离子轻石元素(K、Rb、Sr、Ba)和相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta等)为特征.火山岩具有相对高的143Nd/144Nd值(0.512768～0.512911),相对低的87Sr/86Sr值(0.70412～0.70525)和206Pb/204Pb(18.418～18.625).εNd介于+1.
8209～+2.1002之间,207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为15.476～15.551和38.618～38.792.本区火山岩的Sr,Nd和Pb同位素与东非裂谷,意大利,德国等地的钾霞橄黄长岩不同,也与青藏高原周边其它地区的钾质火山岩不同.结合火山岩中深源包体温压计算结果,以及火山岩的形成时代,大地构造背景及地球物理资料的分析,对火山岩产出的构造环境及起源和成因进行了初步讨论.提出本区钾霞橄黄长岩火山作用是印度-欧亚板块碰撞后青藏高原强烈隆升在周边地区的反映,本区原生钾霞橄黄长岩岩浆直接起源于地幔,其成因与岩石圈伸展的条件下,岩石圈底部热边界层(TBL)的低度部分熔融有关.这种热边界层(TBL)在发生岩浆作用之前是被来自软流圈深部的流体和/或熔体交代富集过的地幔. 相似文献
3.
牙克石地区出露一套早白垩世玄武质火山岩,其SiO2含量为52．81%-53．39％,K2O含量为1．86％-2．87％,岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩。富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,高场强元素Nb和Ta亏损明显,Zr和H阮明显异常,8Eu为0．77-0．82。从同住素的特点看,（^87Sr／^86Sr）,变化于0．704762-0．704941之间,εNd（t）为2．00～2．54;在εNd（t）-（^87Sr／^86Sr）闺解上,样品投影点落入洋岛玄武岩（OIB）和美国盆岭省范围内。^206Pb／^204pb为18．3288-18．4225,^207b／^204Pb为15、4566-15．4893,^208Pb／^204Pb为37．9401-38．0523：在。^207Pb/^24Pb-^206Pb.^204pb和,^208b／^304pb-^306Pb／^204pb图解上．样品投影点都落在亏损洋中脊玄武岩地幔附近。综合考虑本区火山岩的地质、地球化学特点,认为其来源于被俯冲洋壳交代的岩石圈地幔。 相似文献
4.
大兴安岭北段牙克石地区玄武质火山岩的元素、
同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
牙克石地区出露一套早白垩世玄武质火山岩,其SiO2含量为52．81%-53．39％,K2O含量为1．86％-2．87％,岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩。富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,高场强元素Nb和Ta亏损明显,Zr和H阮明显异常,8Eu为0．77-0．82。从同住素的特点看,（^87Sr／^86Sr）,变化于0．704762-0．704941之间,εNd（t）为2．00～2．54;在εNd（t）-（^87Sr／^86Sr）闺解上,样品投影点落入洋岛玄武岩（OIB）和美国盆岭省范围内。^206Pb／^204pb为18．3288-18．4225,^207b／^204Pb为15、4566-15．4893,^208Pb／^204Pb为37．9401-38．0523：在。^207Pb/^24Pb-^206Pb.^204pb和,^208b／^304pb-^306Pb／^204pb图解上．样品投影点都落在亏损洋中脊玄武岩地幔附近。综合考虑本区火山岩的地质、地球化学特点,认为其来源于被俯冲洋壳交代的岩石圈地幔。 相似文献
5.
大陆亚碱性火山岩的成因多样性：以敦化—密山和东宁火山岩带为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对东北牡丹江海浪、鸡西鸡林、东宁老黑山三处亚碱性玄武岩类进行了柏A卜”Ar定年和元素与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,结果显示,始新世海浪（玄武）安山岩属钙碱性系列,相对富硅碱,贫铁钙,高度富集Rb、Ba、Sr,亏损Th、U、Nb、Ta,富集LREE及极低的HREE含量,与五大连池钾质火山岩相近的同位素组成（^206Pb／^204Pb=16．56～16．66,^207Pb／^204Pb=15．44—15．47,^208Pb／^204Pb=36．80—36．95;ISr=0．704882～0．705564;εNd=-4．05～2．29）,表明来源于较厚的、受交代作用影响的含石榴石富集（LoMu）岩石圈地幔;中中新世鸡林拉斑玄武岩分布极为局限,辉石斑晶发育骸晶结构,富铁、钙、钛,不亏损Nb、Ta,富集Ba、Sr,REE相对平坦,HREE高于OIB,Sr、Nd同位素组成相似于Samoa岛玄武岩,显示源区除软流圈成分外,还有EMII富集组分的加入;晚中新世老黑山拉斑玄武岩,低碱低钾,LREE轻度富集,Nb、Ta不明显亏损,同位素比值与镜泊湖一带中新世碱性玄武岩范围一致,主要来源于软流圈并与富集岩石圈（EMI）发生过相互作用。地幔源区经历了古近纪富集地幔源到中新世软流圈组分增多的演化。东北新生代拉斑玄武岩不同的地球化学特征为认识大陆拉斑玄武岩成因的多样性提供了有益启示。 相似文献
6.
西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩的地球化学及其岩浆源区性质 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
西秦岭礼县地区新生代钾霞橄黄长岩具有贫SiO_2和Al_2O_3,富CaO、Mgo、TiO_2及K_2O Na_2O的特征,矿物组合中除橄榄石、辉石外,普遍含有霞石、黄长石、白榴石和磁铁矿等矿物。火山岩的∑REE为97.82×10~(-6)～639.1×10~(-6)。岩石以强烈富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、K、Sr)和高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Th、Ta、P、Zr、Hf等)为特征具有Pb和Ti的负异常。火山岩具有相对高的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值(0.512007～0.512130,ε~(Nd)= 3.4～ 5.8)和相对低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值(0.703374～0.704726)。~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Ph/~(204)Ph的比值范围分别为18.088～19.112,15.476～15.626和38.071～39.680。岩石的微量元素和Sr、Nd和Pb同位素特征显示其与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征相似。源区组成显示了亏损地幔端元DM、HIMU端元和富集地幔端元EMII这三种地球化学端元混合的特征。 相似文献
7.
位于青藏高原东北缘的多福屯第三纪火山岩，为钠质基性火山岩系。该火山岩（La／Yb）N值在6—11，∑REE平均为117，样品普遍具有不相容元素富集、Pb亏损以及弱的Nb、Ta正异常，Nb／U和Ce／Pb平均值分别为30和17；样品的87^Sr／^86Sr值为0．7041～O．7069，Nd初始值为0．5129（εNd（t）=6），△^207Pb／^240Pb和△^208Pb／^204Pb分别在11～19和73-84之间，结合高的Sr初始值，表现了特征的Dupal（高放射成因铅）异常。地球化学特征表明，该火山岩属于似OIB性质的陆内火山岩，源区具有DM与EMⅡ混合特点。个别岩石表现出明显陆壳混染的迹象。火山岩源区特征反映了OIB类岩石的复杂性，可能由区域原、古特提斯地幔继承而来，因而是原地的和固有的，并非与青藏高原物质向东挤出有关。通过与邻区同时代火山岩的对比推断，整个高原东北缘新生代火山岩幔源区具有小尺度的不均一性。高原东北缘新生代火山岩的发育可能与较大规模的贺兰-川滇南北复合构造有关。 相似文献
8.
牦牛坪稀土矿床碳酸岩Pb同位素地球化学 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
四川牦牛坪稀土矿床与稀土矿化时空密切共生的碳酸岩一正长岩碱性杂岩体的成岩时代为喜山期，碳酸岩呈脉状沿正长岩岩体中心侵入。两者具有相似的^206Pb／^204Pb和^208Pb／^204Pb比值，但碳酸岩^207Ph／^204Ph比值变化较大，且低于正长岩。这种差异并不能归因于地壳物质的混染作用，而是反映了地幔源区的特征。在Ph、Sr和Nd同位素图解中，矿区碳酸岩和正长岩显示低Ph，高Sr同位素的特征，部份碳酸岩Ph同位素落在MORB内，而Sr和Nd同位素明显不同于MORB，相对接近洋岛玄武岩的Ⅰ型富集地幔(EM1)。喜山期扬子板块呈楔形体插入龙门山地壳之中，受挤压的中下部地壳向前陆深处发生俯冲，并延伸至攀西裂谷顶部富集地幔体中，被交代的富集地幔经不同程度的和不连续的部份熔融作用形成碱性岩浆，整个演化过程导致了源区成份的不均一性。 相似文献
9.
冈底斯基性次火山岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素：碰撞后火山作用亏损地幔源区的约束 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15
青藏高原隆升与伸展构造模式（地幔对流减薄、板片断离和大陆俯冲）认为地幔软流圈上涌为藏南碰撞后火山作用提供了热源,而已有研究成果没有包括碰撞后火山作用软流圈地幔源区的岩石学、地球化学证据,而是集中在富集岩石圈地幔.出露于冈底斯东段达孜-甲马地区的基性次火山岩的^40Ar/^39Ar坪年龄为38.07～42Ma.次火山岩具有高Mg#值和相容微量元素含量（Cr、Ni、V、Sc）,低LILE、和LREE,低LREE/HREE分离.原生样品呈现平坦的稀土配分曲线和LILE亏损的原始地幔标准化曲线,显示出OIB地球化学亲和性.岩石具有低Sr、低Pb和高Nd同位素组成[（^87Sr/^86Sr）i=0.7048～0.7064;（^144Nd/^143Nd） i = 0.5126～0.51286 ;^206Pb/^204Pb = 18.3722～18.5288; ^207Pb/^204Pb = 15.5686～15.6214; ^208 Pb/^204Pb = 38.5203～38.7298],显示出与富集OIB非常相似的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成及变化范围.应用我们的分析数据并结合已有研究成果,达孜-甲马基性次火山与adakite、林子宗火山岩、钾质岩-超钾质岩构成了藏南碰撞后火山岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成演化带,基性次火山岩分布于演化带的原生端元,揭示出其岩浆源区与富集岩石圈地幔存在明显的差异.研究结果证明,具有与OIB相似地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成的基性次火山岩的源区是软流圈地幔.由冈底斯带新近纪基性火山作用厘定的软流圈上涌深部过程对洋壳断离模式、基性岩浆底侵作用和西藏高原地壳加厚时限提供了有效的约束. 相似文献
10.
中国东南沿海中—新生代玄武岩微量元素和Nd—Sr—Pb同位素研究 总被引：18，自引：8，他引：18
本文对中国东南沿海不含幔源包体的中生代玄武岩和含幔源包体的新生代玄武岩进行了微量元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素对比研究。中生代玄武岩呈Ta,Nb和Hf负异常，低Ce/Pb,Nb/U比值和高La/Nb比值，与岛弧火山岩和陆壳岩石的微量元素特征相类似，说明在岩浆生成和上升过程中，幔源组分受到了陆壳组分的混染。新生代玄武岩呈Ta,Nb正异常和Pb负异常，高Ce/Pb,Nb/U比值和低La/Nb比值，与海岛玄武岩（OIB）相类似，Nd-Sr同位素成分与夏威夷玄武岩类似，因而它们未受明显的陆壳混染。^143Nd/^144Nd与^206Pb/^204Pb之间的负相关关系和^87Sr/^86Sr与^206Pb/^204Pb之间的正相关关系说明本区新生代玄武岩起源于中等亏损程度的软流圈地幔，并与EMII富集地幔组分发生了混合。 相似文献
11.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
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针对兖州煤田下组煤深部开采受奥灰高承压水威胁以及当地大型煤化工企业生产用水量大的现状,在已进行的水文地质勘探及放水试验基础上,评价奥灰富水性,并采用有限差分法进行奥灰疏水降压数值模拟研究,提出水煤共采观点。研究结果表明:兖州煤田深部奥灰水压高,合理布置水煤共采孔,可以实现奥灰水位的有效疏降,疏降中心区水位最大降深可达110 m,突水系数显著下降,提高了下组煤开采的安全性;同时可提供煤化工43200 m3/d的供水量,能达到可持续的、水资源保护性的供水效果,实现下组煤的水煤共采。 相似文献
13.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
14.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
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17.
The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements. 相似文献
18.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
19.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献
20.
Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Harvey E. Belkin Susan J. Tewalt James C. Hower J.D. Stucker J.M.K. O'Keefe 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):260-268
Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally < 10 and < 1 wt.%, respectively). Active tectonic and igneous activity has resulted in significant rank increase in some coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential. 相似文献