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1.
本文采用ADI方法模拟了海西湾的潮流、水位场和COD扩散运动，所得结果与观测值符合较好。计算结果表明：海西湾自净稀释能力良好；扩建后的薛家岛码头，若以0．5t/d的COD负荷量排放，整个海湾水均属一类水质；如果以二类水质标准来评价距离码头500m以外的海域，薛家岛码头的最大COD负荷量可达2．3t/d。 相似文献
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哈素海作为干旱半干旱地区的湖泊,对维持区域环境生态的协调可持续发展尤为关键,本文应用水量平衡法动态分析了哈素海的水量变化过程,明确了入湖污染负荷。结果表明:哈素海多年平均接纳的大气降水约为658.18万m~3,湖面蒸发水量约为3095.45万m~3,河渠入湖水量约为3722.36万m~3,湖泊多年平均库容约为3456.67万m~3。通过沟渠进入哈素海的污染物中COD负荷量最高,约889.35t/a,其次为TN约110.47t/a、BOD_5约83.01t/a、NH_3-N约30.38t/a,TP负荷量最少约5.46t/a,所有渠道中民生渠污染物排放量最高,约占总量的87%左右,其他沟渠共约占13%,所以哈素海主要外源污染负荷来自于黄河。研究结果可为哈素海的保护提供依据。 相似文献
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本文以江苏滨海沿海工业园尾水离岸排放区为例,在参考和借鉴国内外海洋水环境容量研究成果和实践的基础上,综合分析离岸排放的特点,建立了基于物理扩散的离岸排放区COD三维对流-扩散运输模型。根据海洋水环境现状,按半径2 km设定排污区,排污区外边界按照二类水质标准确定水质标准控制点,计算出该海域COD在一级排放标准80 mg/dm3的条件下,允许的尾水最大排放量为不超过12×104t/d,由此确定出该离岸排放区COD基准剩余环境容量为不超过9.6 t/d。 相似文献
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基于2014—2020年茅岭江入海口断面径流量及化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)数据,通过LOADEST模型优化计算了COD、TN和TP的入海通量。结果表明：(1)LOADEST模型建立的茅岭江COD、TN和TP的入海通量回归方程,模拟计算的入海通量与实测值具有很好的一致性。(2)模拟计算的COD、TN和TP多年平均入海通量分别为34 537 t/a、3 302 t/a和235 t/a,月平均入海通量分别为2 878 t/月、275 t/月和19.58 t/月;雨季COD、TN和TP的入海通量分别占年入海通量的77%、80%和71%;COD、TN和TP的年入海通量中分别有21 059～25 271 t/a、1 775～2 130 t/a和70～84 t/a来自于非点源,COD和TN主要受非点源控制,TP不仅受非点源控制,也受点源控制。(3)对比分析钦江和茅岭江COD、TN和TP的多年平均入海通量可知,钦江COD、TN和TP的多年平均入海通量分别约为茅岭江的1.16、2.15和2.37倍,入海通量不同主要受沿岸居住的人口数量影响。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(4)
海水养殖的污染物排放问题是局部海域环境污染的重要诱因之一,其中网箱养殖和池塘养殖产生的污染负荷量最大。本文利用污染系数和养殖产量对2003—2018年16 a以来广东省海水养殖中网箱养殖和池塘养殖的污染物排放量进行了初步评估。结果表明,2003—2018年广东省网箱养殖和池塘养殖的污染物排放量呈逐年上升趋势,其中网箱养殖排放N、P和COD的年均增长量分别为366.0 t、61.2 t和585.1 t,增长率均为6.6%,池塘养殖排放N、P和COD的年均增长量分别为90.5 t、9.1 t和636.1 t,增长率分别为14.2%,12.2%和13.1%。不同养殖模式、养殖种类和养殖区域的海水养殖排放的N、P和COD总量不同,网箱养殖高于池塘养殖;鱼类高于虾蟹类;粤西高于粤东和珠三角。网箱养殖和池塘养殖排放的N、P和COD分别占陆源污染物入海总量的1.3%、3.7%和0.7%,是近岸海域海洋环境污染不可忽略的因素。因此,分析海水养殖排污变化趋势及地域特点,可为近海海水养殖的可持续发展和海洋生态保护修复提供一定的参考和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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渤海COD与石油烃环境容量计算 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
总结评述海洋环境容量计算的3类方法,分析了它们的适用条件和不足之处,并对最优化法加以改进计算了渤海的环境容量。然后用HAMSOM模式模拟了渤海的流场,用SPM模式模拟了渤海的浓度场,计算了渤海的COD和石油烃环境容量。渤海在Ⅰ~Ⅳ类海水水质标准下的COD环境容量分别为36.59×104t/a,54.88×104t/a,73.13×104t/a和91.45×104t/a;在Ⅰ~Ⅳ类海水水质标准下的石油烃环境容量分别为2.82×104t/a,16.86×104t/a和28.17×104t/a。 相似文献
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文章采用国产GF-1卫星遥感影像,通过对港口内部空间格局以及各组成单元特征进行分析,建立了面向对象的港口空间格局遥感监测方法与步骤,探索构建了码头岸线指数、码头岸线利用指数、码头指数、堆场指数和港池指数等港口空间格局集约利用评估指标,并以营口鲅鱼圈港区为例进行实证研究。结果显示:营口鲅鱼圈港区的码头岸线指数为0.51,码头岸线利用指数为1 498.16万t/km,码头指数为12.23hm~2/km,港池指数为242.76hm~2/km,堆场指数为108.46hm~2/km。码头岸线与码头面积、堆场面积、港池面积的基本比例为1.00∶12.00∶108.00∶250.00。营口鲅鱼圈港区仍有8 821.17万t/a的吞吐量提升空间。 相似文献
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采用闭合循环实验方法,观测了厦门西港底质耗氧过程。结果显示底质耗氧随时间变化呈非线性,可用指数方程SOD=ρ·exp(—k/t)表示.计算得厦门西港底质耗氧速率均值为405.8mg/(m~2·d)。在底质耗氧过程中,底质释放出有机物质,底质释放COD 速率为93.6mg/(m~2·d),底质耗氧作用与底质有机物质的释放有关. 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
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The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献