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阿尔金山脉新生代隆升-剥露过程 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
阿尔金山脉位于青藏高原北缘。文中主要是利用磷灰石裂变径迹测年分析,探讨阿尔金山脉的隆升和剥露过程。来自阿尔金山脉34个花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和片麻岩样品中磷灰石的裂变径迹测试结果表明,阿尔金山脉存在至少5个阶段的剥露作用,反演出阿尔金山脉具有多期次、阶段性的隆升特征,并存在差异性:EW向的阿尔金北缘拉配泉—红柳沟山体隆升-剥露时间早(61~34Ma);NE向且末—茫崖山脉的主要隆升时间位于始新世晚期—中新世(42~11Ma);沿阿尔金(主)断裂山体的隆升-剥露最为年轻,存在三期主要的剥露作用:10·2~7·3、5·5~4·5和2·1~1·8Ma。结合区域磷灰石测年数据、区域变形事件及其阿尔金断裂走滑历史分析,推测阿尔金山脉在晚白垩世曾有过初期隆升和剥露,古近纪的剥露局限于阿尔金山脉北缘EW向的山脉,始新世晚期—中新世、上新世晚期和早更新世的山脉剥露作用遍及了青藏高原北缘山脉,8Ma是青藏高原抬升和变形的一期重要构造事件发生时间;前陆盆地和阿尔金山间盆地的沉积作用研究也显示了阿尔金山脉的隆升剥露过程与阿尔金断裂的走滑及其相关盆地沉积构造-演化具有很好的耦合关系。 相似文献
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阿尔金断裂带是青藏高原自印度与欧亚大陆碰撞后向北扩展的前缘断裂,其新生代活动性对于研究青藏高原隆升与扩展过程和机制具有重要意义。近些年,运用热年代学、断裂几何学和运动学、沉积学、磁性地层学和地震学等方法对阿尔金断裂带的性质、组成结构、断裂活动时代、走滑断裂运动特征、走滑位移量和走滑速率等进行了细致的研究,而对阿尔金断裂带沿线受其控制的新生代沉积盆地的地层年代、沉积演化特征虽然也有一定研究,但往往仅限于单个盆地,缺乏对沿线盆地整体的对比认识,造成对阿尔金断裂带走滑起始时间及阿尔金山的隆升历史存在不同的认识。本文对近二十年来阿尔金断裂带沿线新生代沉积盆地的磁性地层年代与沉积相演化的研究进展进行综述,建立阿尔金断裂带沿线盆地新生代沉积序列和年代框架;辅助热年代学等资料,提出阿尔金断裂带的三阶段演化模型:始新世-中中新世,阿尔金断裂带以大幅度的走滑运动为主,同时伴随着阿尔金山小范围的隆升;中中新世开始,阿尔金山开始大规模的隆升,伴随着较少量的走滑运动;晚中新世以来,阿尔金断裂带构造活动加强。 相似文献
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沉积物粒度分析在阿尔金山隆升研究中的应用 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
山体隆升必然制约两侧盆地的沉积,这种约束体现在盆地的沉积响应上.柴达木盆地西北缘的阿尔金山,位于青藏高原的西北边界,自第三纪以来发生了多次隆升事件,其中以早更新世末的一次最为强烈.本次研究在阿尔金山山前红三旱一号剖面干柴沟组自下而上不同层位选取典型的沉积岩样品,进行了系统的薄片矿物鉴定和粒度分析,发现沉积区柴达木盆地的沉积环境和气候条件因受阿尔金山多期次隆升的影响而发生变化,其各方面的沉积特点受到物源区的控制.研究表明,始新世时(下干柴沟组)物源区阿尔金山相对于柴达木盆地没有发生明显的快速隆升,到渐新世(上干柴沟组)阿尔金山相对于柴达木盆地开始发生强烈的快速隆升,沉积区气候变得明显干旱.中新世到上新世(下、上油砂山和狮子沟组)红三旱地区整体处于抬升阶段,可能阿尔金山相对于沉积盆地区不具有明显的地形高差,到早更新世(七个泉组)阿尔金山开始发生急剧隆升,相对于柴达木盆地沉积区在地形上出现巨大的相对高差,这一隆升事件目前仍在持续.该研究也为青藏高原的多次隆升和气候环境变化提供了佐证. 相似文献
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青藏高原晚新生代的扩展和隆升对周边环境演变产生重大影响,确定扩展和隆升的起始年代是一个重要的科学问题。近年来在六盘山、积石山和祁连山及其相邻盆地的研究表明,青藏高原东北缘晚新生代(5~10MaB.P. 或约8MaB.P. )发生了准同期、影响深远的构造变形,导致了沉积盆地的消亡和山脉的隆起。青藏高原北缘的阿尔金山和东缘的岷山、龙门山及川滇高原也在该时段发生了构造活动的加速和构造隆升。所有这些准同期的事件反映了约8MaB.P. 前后青藏高原向周边的扩展,扩展的方式是通过一系列逆冲断裂、褶皱变形、左旋走滑及其伴随的山脉隆起和盆地消亡而实现的。该时期青藏高原的扩展导致了周边的环境变化,奠定了今日环境的格局。 相似文献
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柴西北地区碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄记录的阿尔金山早新生代隆升事件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阿尔金山新生代隆升历史一直倍受关注,大量热年代学数据显示,渐新世(40~30 Ma)以来发生阶段性隆升,而新生代初期隆升的热年代学记录极少。柴达木盆地西北地区(柴西北地区)新生界碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄研究表明,其物源区单一且在新生代早期古新世中晚始新世(65~50 Ma)发生快速隆升剥露,为该区提供陆源碎屑。前人通过物源分析发现,柴西北时期的碎屑物主要来源于阿尔金山。同时,该区路乐河组下干柴沟组沉积地层残余厚度及沉积相特征表明,此时(65~50 Ma)阿尔金山存在一次短暂抬升,但幅度较小,与盆地高差不大,使柴西地区地形东高西低、北高南低。结合前人研究成果,本研究锆石裂变径迹热年代学数据以及沉积学指标所记录的阿尔金山东段65~50 Ma构造隆升事件,是对新生代印度欧亚板块碰撞的最初响应,也为青藏高原新生代隆升具有南北同步性提供了新的证据。 相似文献
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通过对西秦岭北缘漳县地区渐新统—中新统含盐红层地层与下伏造山带地层之间的角度不整合及其之上的砾岩、地层序列、沉积旋回等特征研究,提出了该角度不整合为伸展型角度不整合的认识。该伸展型角度不整合的存在指示了西秦岭北缘漳县渐新统—中新统含盐红层盆地具有伸展断陷盆地的属性,意味着在渐新世—中新世漳县含盐盆地形成和沉积充填时期,青藏高原东北缘(至少西秦岭北缘)一直处于伸展构造环境。这与印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞汇聚动力学作用向东北缘扩展形成的以挤压缩短和隆升为主的构造环境不协调,也就是说,青藏高原东北缘在渐新世—中新世可能尚未卷入现今青藏高原构造系统。 相似文献
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临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物群演替与青藏高原隆升背景 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
临夏盆地的晚新生代沉积中富含哺乳动物化石,以晚渐新世巨犀动物群、中中新世铲齿象动物群、晚中新世三趾马动物群和早更新世真马动物群的化石最为丰富。晚新生代是青藏高原快速隆升的时期,临夏盆地的4个主要哺乳动物群在构造剧烈变化的背景下发生了显著的更替。通过对不同动物群所代表的生态特征的分析,恢复了临夏盆地晚新生代以来的气候环境演变过程:晚渐新世以温暖湿润的森林环境为主,间杂有一些开阔地带;中中新世的森林更加茂密,水体更加丰富;晚中新世演变为炎热半干旱的稀树草原环境,季节性变化加强;早更新世气候寒冷而干燥,并伴有显著的海拔升高。青藏高原在晚渐新世的隆升幅度还不足以阻挡大型哺乳动物在高原南北的交流,但到中中新世已成为明显的障碍,至晚中新世对动物迁徙的阻碍作用更加突出,而临夏盆地在早更新世已经达到相当大的高度,产生了一个高原或高山的动物群 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献