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1.
Biomarker responses to pollution in two invertebrate species: Scrobicularia plana and Nereis diversicolor from the Cádiz bay (SW Spain) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The clam Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor were collected in several sites from a littoral enclosure in SW Spain. The aim of our study was to relate various biomarker responses in these species to a pollution gradient caused by untreated domestic discharges and to verify the adequacy of the selected species as sentinels in this habitat. The biomarkers selected were the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and DT-diaphorase (DT-D). In addition, the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the neurotoxicity marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. Metallothionein levels were selected as biomarkers of heavy metals exposure in both species. The results suggest a different response in the water filtering organism (clam) and the sediment eater (polychaete), probably as a consequent of different pollution exposure and that samples from the "Ca?o Sancti-Petri" were exposed to biologically active compounds that altered some of their biochemical responses. AChE was the most sensitive biomarker in both species and N. diversicolor proved to be a more robust sentinel in this ecosystem. 相似文献
2.
Biological effects of environmental pollution, mainly related to presence of PAHs, were assessed in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis caged in Priolo, an anthropogenically-impacted area, and Vendicari, a reference site, both located along the eastern coastline of Sicily (Italy). PAHs concentration and histopathological changes were measured in digestive gland tissues. Expression of cytochrome P4504Y1 (CYP4Y1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), indicative of xenobiotic detoxification, and activity of catalase (CAT) as oxidative stress index, were evaluated.The results show a direct correlation between the high concentrations of PAHs in digestive glands of mussels from Priolo and the significantly altered activity of phase I (P < 0.001) and phase II (P < 0.0001) biotransformation enzymes, along with increased levels of CAT activity (P < 0.05). These findings show the enhancement of the detoxification and antioxidant defense systems. The mussel caging approach and selected biomarkers demonstrated to be reliable for the assessment of environmental pollution effects on aquatic organisms. 相似文献
3.
The clam Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor were collected in several sites from a littoral enclosure in SW Spain. The aim of our study was to relate various biomarker responses in these species to a pollution gradient caused by untreated domestic discharges and to verify the adequacy of the selected species as sentinels in this habitat. The biomarkers selected were the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and DT-diaphorase (DT-D). In addition, the activities of cytochrome P450-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the neurotoxicity marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. Metallothionein levels were selected as biomarkers of heavy metals exposure in both species. The results suggest a different response in the water filtering organism (clam) and the sediment eater (polychaete), probably as a consequent of different pollution exposure and that samples from the “Caño Sancti-Petri” were exposed to biologically active compounds that altered some of their biochemical responses. AChE was the most sensitive biomarker in both species and N. diversicolor proved to be a more robust sentinel in this ecosystem. 相似文献
4.
R. van der Oost S. C. C. Lopes H. Komen K. Satumalay R. van den Bos H. Heida N. P. E. Vermeulen 《Marine environmental research》1998,46(1-5)
In the present study the bioaccumulation of poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as well as the responses of a suite of biochemical parameters were investigated in a standardized carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish line. Carps were caged for 2 to 8 weeks at two Amsterdam freshwater sites: the relatively unpolluted Outer IJ and the heavily polluted Volgermeerpolder. The primary objective of the experiments was to develop a reliable and reproducible method to monitor the inland water pollution and to classify the environmental quality of freshwater sites. The highest tissue levels of organic trace pollutants were generally found in carp that was caged for at least four weeks at the polluted site. Hepatic phase I enzymes showed the highest pollution-induced responses, while phase II enzymes and serum transaminases were less sensitive. The antioxidant enzymes showed virtually no response to pollutants. In order to assess effects on the balance between bioactivation and detoxication the ratio between phase I (EROD) and phase II (GST or UDPGT) activities was introduced as a biotransformation index (BTI). Highest BTI values were observed in carp that was caged for 4 to 6 weeks at the polluted site. The BTI values decreased after eight weeks of exposure due to elevated phase II activities. 相似文献
5.
壬基酚、辛基酚、二氯酚和双酚A是水环境中普遍存在的酚类污染物,由于其内分泌干扰活性和致癌性近年来受到广泛的关注.本研究以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为受试生物,研究4种典型酚类污染物暴露对其内脏组织和鳃组织中抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及解毒酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响.研究结果表明:壬基酚低浓度处理组(0.05～0.2 mg/L)3种酶活性无显著变化,高浓度处理组(0.4 mg/L),SOD、CAT和GST 3种酶活性均受到显著抑制,抑制率分别为56.6％,59.0％和35.5％.在实验浓度范围(0.05～0.4 mg/L)内,二氯酚能够显著抑制内脏组织CAT活性,双酚A能够显著抑制鳃组织GST活性.3种酶活性变化对于酚类污染物的响应呈现较好的规律性,因此可以作为生物标志物联合指示水体中的酚类污染. 相似文献
6.
Pollutants such polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are released into the environment by urban communities and industries and the enzymes that catalyse the biotransformation of pollutants play a key role regarding the accumulation of these compounds in fish species inhabiting these areas. In this study the relationship between phase I (EROD activity) and phase II (GST activity) and PAH metabolites was measured in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) after capture in the Douro estuary, and after long-term depuration in an unpolluted laboratory environment. The results showed a significant decrease in EROD activity after 1 month and in bile metabolites after 4 months in captivity, with both maintaining reduced levels at 4 and 8 months depuration. Liver GST activity did not showed significant changes. This study provides evidence that Douro estuary waters contain bioavailable PAHs that can be associated with the induction of cytochrome P450, and that mullets have the ability to metabolise and eliminate PAHs. 相似文献
7.
L. Frlin T. Andersson B.-E. Bengtsson J. Hrdig . Larsson 《Marine environmental research》1985,17(2-4)
The present preliminary report on studies of the influence of pulp bleach plant effluents on hepatic biotransformation enzymes in fish is a part of a major characterisation of biochemical and physiological effects of effluents from pulp industries in Sweden. Our studies on the xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes demonstrate, so far, that the pulp effluents have the potential to strongly induce 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) in fish liver and that fish living in the receiving water of an effluent from a pulp bleach plant have induced hepatic EROD activities as well as higher hepatic UDP glucuronyltransferase activities than those living in an unpolluted area. It is thus apparent that measures of induction of biotransformation enzymes in fish liver may be a useful approach in monitoring the presence of potential hazardous compounds released from pulp industries. 相似文献
8.
采用生物毒性测试与评价方法对常用消毒剂药物三氯异氰尿酸（Trichloroisocyanuric acid，TCCA）对剑尾鱼的急性毒性及其Ⅰ、Ⅱ相代谢酶活性影响进行了研究。结果表明，TCCA对剑尾鱼的96hLG0为2．15mg／L。TCCA对剑尾鱼肝脏还原型谷光苷肽（GSH）、谷胱苷肽硫转酶（GST）和7。乙氧基异吩恶唑酮-脱乙基酶（EROD）都存在诱导作用。雌雄个体在GST和EROD的诱导响应时间有显著差异性，其中雄性个体GST对TCCA暴露响应比雌性个体敏感。 相似文献
9.
Although elasmobranchs are widely distributed species, commonly found on sandy, gravely or muddy bottoms, several biological aspects of their metabolism still remain poorly investigated. In this work the efficiency of antioxidant system and detoxification enzymes were investigated in the coastal spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula and in the red mullet Mullus barbatus for comparison with a teleost species. Organisms were sampled during a bottom trawl survey and analyzed for the biotransformation activity (EROD), levels of metallothioneins, catalase, glutathione S-transferases and total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) toward peroxyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals. EROD activity in the elasmobranchs was more than one order of magnitude lower than in the red mullets, while similar levels of metallothioneins were measured in these species. S. canicula showed significantly lower antioxidant enzymes and a more reduced efficiency in neutralizing *OH; on the other hand the scavenging capability toward ROO* was comparable in S. canicula and M. barbatus. 相似文献
10.
11.
为阐释不同浓度苯并（a）芘[B（a）P]对杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor）的毒性效应,以0.02、0.04和0.08 mg/dm^33个质量浓度的B（a）P对杂色鲍进行水体暴露胁迫,7d后检测肌肉、外套膜、鳃、性腺、肾和肝胰腺的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量.结果显示：0.02 mg/dm^3的B（a）P暴露对杂色鲍抗氧化系统的影响不明显,而0.04、0.08 mg/dm^3的B（a）P则显著抑制了SOD、CAT和GPx酶活性以及GSH含量,同时对GST酶活性具有显著的诱导作用;实验还发现,不同组织抗氧化酶活性对B（a）P胁迫的敏感性响应存在较大差异,其中鳃、肾脏和肝胰腺的敏感性响应明显高于肌肉和外套膜.上述结果表明,苯并（a）芘暴露对杂色鲍抗氧化酶活性的影响具有明显的剂量-效应关系及组织差异性,杂色鲍的鳃、肾脏或者肝胰腺的抗氧化酶响应多环芳香烃胁迫的更敏感,可作为B（a）P污染的生物标志物. 相似文献
12.
Seasonal variations in the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase [SOD], NADH-DT diaphorase), biotransformation enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and microsomal lipid peroxidation in digestive tissue of barnacle, Balanus balanoides, from polluted and non-polluted populations have been evaluated. Relationships with accumulated polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in barnacle tissues and environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, water pH) were determined. As a general trend, maximum antioxidant enzyme and GST activities were detected in the pre-monsoon period or summer (March-June) followed by a gradual decrease during the monsoon (July October) with a minimum in the post-monsoon period or winter (November February). This pattern was similar to tissue concentrations of PAHs, resulting in a significant positive correlation with antioxidant enzymes, mainly catalase and SOD. Microsomal lipid peroxidation exhibited an almost reverse trend of seasonal variation to that of antioxidant enzyme activities indicating an enhanced susceptibility of barnacle tissues to oxidative stress. Among the environmental parameters, only water temperature seemed to have a significant effect on observed variations of antioxidant enzymes and GST activities. The barnacles from polluted and non-polluted populations exhibited seasonal differences in the activities of all the enzymes studied, particularly catalase, SOD and GST, suggesting the possibility of some biochemical adaptation in organisms from a chronically polluted environment. The results indicated that antioxidant defense components, catalase and SOD, are sensitive parameters that could be useful biomarkers for the evaluation of contaminated aquatic ecosystems. The results also suggested the potentiality of barnacle, B. balanoides, as a bioindicator organism against organic pollution. 相似文献
13.
Development of hepatic CYP1A and blood vitellogenin in eel (Anguilla anguilla) for use as biomarkers in the Thames Estuary, UK. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D R Livingstone C L Mitchelmore L D Peters S C O'Hara J P Shaw B S Chesman A Doyotte J McEvoy D Ronisz D G Larsson L F?rlin 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):367-371
The potential of eel (Anguilla anguilla) as a monitoring species for the Thames Estuary, UK, was examined. Hepatic cytochrome P4501A [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity] and blood vitellogenin (Western analysis) were investigated as biomarkers of exposure to, respectively, organic contaminants and to contaminants showing estrogenic activity. Hepatic microsomal EROD activities in A. anguilla from seven sites in the Thames Estuary in May 1998 varied three-fold (111 +/- 24 to 355 +/- 42 pmol min-1 mg protein-1) (mean +/- S.E.M.) and showed correlation with salinity; however, the latter relationship was not maintained at other times of the year. The range of EROD activities was two- to eight-fold higher than the 37 +/- 8 pmol min-1 mg-1 for A. anguilla from the relatively clean Tamar Estuary. beta-Naphthoflavone treatment (5 mg kg-1 wet wt.; 2 days) of Thames A. anguilla produced a two-fold increase in hepatic microsomal EROD activity. Comparing the Thames EROD data with those for A. anguilla from well-characterised contaminated sites in the Netherlands (Van der Oost, R., Goks?yr, A., Celander, M., Heida, H., & Vermeulen, N. P. E. 1996. Aquatic Toxicology, 36, 189-222), the Thames is suggested to be moderately impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related contaminants. 17-beta-Estradiol treatment produced the appearance of a plasma protein of 211 Kd app. mol. wt. (recognised by antibodies to vitellogenin of Morone saxatilis), but putative vitellogenin could not be detected in A. anguilla from selected sites in the Thames Estuary. 相似文献
14.
In the present study, long-term exposure to PCB resulted in marked induction of the xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes UDP glucuronosyl transferase, glutathione transferase and DT-diaphorase (measured as menadione reductase and DCPIP reductase) in rainbow trout 15 or 20 weeks post-injection during the experimental period. The increase of the phase II enzymes were paralleled by a marked increase of the glutathione reductase activity. These results indicate that prolonged exposure to PCB results in increased production of organo-radicals. 相似文献
15.
The present study aimed to obtain additional data on the effect of long-term depuration on the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, and to clarify the role of mullets for monitoring pollution in River Douro estuary. Mullets chronically exposed to a mixture of contaminants in Douro estuary were captured in Spring of 2001, 2002 and 2003. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); and oxidative damages in lipids (lipid peroxidation) and in proteins (protein carbonyl content) were assessed at capture day and after transfer to unpolluted seawater for 1, 4 and 8 months. An overall decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes was detected, except for the GPX after 4 months depuration. CAT activity exhibited the more significant decrease at the end of the long-term depuration. The decrease in SOD activity after 1 month of depuration was then maintained during the remaining depuration period. Regarding oxidative damages, a decrease in lipid peroxidation as well as the content of oxidised proteins was observed during depuration. Indeed, at capture the activities of antioxidant defences were higher as a result of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the metabolism of pollutants. The oxidative damaged molecules were repaired or degraded during the depuration period, supporting the use of such damages as indicators of exposure to pro-oxidant pollutants. 相似文献
16.
Freshwater sculpin were taken from various locations in the Kenai River to determine their in-vivo response to pollution exposure. The specific activity of cytochrome P4501A1 was determined using fluorescence detection of the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) reaction. The EROD specific activity was found to be independent of river miles but appeared to relate to specific sites of urban runoff. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were also measured but showed no significant difference between sites. Cytochrome P450 laboratory induction studies were carried out on individuals collected from a pristine site. Five groups of 10 fish were dosed from 10–150 mg β-Naphthoftavone (βNF)/kg body weight. The response was linear from 10–50 mg βNF/kg body weight. Sculpin appear to have excellent potential as a sensitive indicator of xenobiotic exposure in a freshwater benthic habitat. 相似文献
17.
Stefania Gorbi David Pellegrini Sara Tedesco Francesco Regoli 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):293
Although elasmobranchs are widely distributed species, commonly found on sandy, gravely or muddy bottoms, several biological aspects of their metabolism still remain poorly investigated. In this work the efficiency of antioxidant system and detoxification enzymes were investigated in the coastal spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula and in the red mullet Mullus barbatus for comparison with a teleost species.Organisms were sampled during a bottom trawl survey and analyzed for the biotransformation activity (EROD), levels of metallothioneins, catalase, glutathione S-transferases and total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) toward peroxyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals.EROD activity in the elasmobranchs was more than one order of magnitude lower than in the red mullets, while similar levels of metallothioneins were measured in these species. S. canicula showed significantly lower antioxidant enzymes and a more reduced efficiency in neutralizing √OH; on the other hand the scavenging capability toward ROO√ was comparable in S. canicula and M. barbatus. 相似文献
18.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the responses of phase I and II biotransformation enzymes and levels of PAHs in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) collected from three sites at different distance from an oil refinery. Phase I enzyme activities as NAD(P)H-cyt c red, NADH ferry red, B(a)PMO and phase II as UDPGT, GST were measured in digestive gland while 16 PAHs (US-EPA) in whole soft tissue. An added value to the data obtained in the present study rely on the RDA analysis which showed close correlations between PAHs levels and phase I enzyme activities in mussels collected in front of the refinery. And again a significant spatial correlation between B(a)P levels and NADPH-cyt c red activities was observed using linear models. No differences among sites for B(a)PMO and phase II GST activities were observed, while the application of UDPGT as biomarkers requires further investigation. 相似文献
19.
为探讨海水酸化和磺胺甲恶唑环境残留对珊瑚礁区生物的影响，本文以南海珊瑚礁区关键礁栖生物大马蹄螺（Trochus niloticus） 为研究对象，探究了两种环境胁迫因素对大马蹄螺的氧化胁迫作用。分别采用两个 pH 水平 （pH 8.1、 pH 7.6） 和三个磺胺甲恶唑浓度水平 （0 ng/L、100 ng/L 和 1 000 ng/L） 单独和复合暴露 28 天，测定其对大马蹄螺鳃组织的超氧化物歧化酶 （SOD）、过氧化氢酶 （CAT） 和谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶 （GST） 活性以及谷胱甘肽 （GSH） 含量和脂质过氧化水平 （LPO） 的影响。结果发现：海水酸化和磺胺甲恶唑单独暴露能够导致大马蹄螺鳃组织出现不同程度的氧化应激现象，表现为抗氧化酶 （CAT、SOD 和 GST） 活性和谷胱甘肽含量的升高。在复合暴露条件下，大马蹄螺鳃组织的抗氧化酶（CAT、SOD 和 GST） 活性和谷胱甘肽含量均受到不同程度的抑制，同时伴随着脂质过氧化水平的显著升高。这表明短期海水酸化和磺胺甲恶唑复合暴露可导致大马蹄螺鳃组织出现氧化损伤现象，进而可能对个体存活和种群繁衍造成负面影响。 相似文献
20.
The use of biomarkers such as cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) or metallothionein (MT) for pollution monitoring is based on the assumption that an increased activity or concentration is primarily caused by exposure to contaminants. Previous studies have shown that the response of biomarkers may be affected by factors such as season, temperature, gender, nutritional status or size. The objective of the present study was to identify natural factors that affect the hepatic activity of CYP1A and hepatic concentration of MT in flounder (Platichthys flesus L.). Thirty flounder were sampled at each of two sites in the Hvaler archipelago, southern Norway, monthly through one year. A set of variables were recorded for each sampling and individual including water temperature, salinity, external and internal lesions, intestinal content, sex, size and organ weights. Hepatic CYP1A activity (EROD), MT and metal concentrations were determined for each individual flounder. The influence of environmental and endogenous factors on the response of these two biomarkers was assessed in multiple regression models. For both biomarkers, 50–60% of the total variability could be explained from factors directly related to season, gender and maturation. Season contributed significantly in the model for EROD, as did external lesions. Size, condition and diet did not contribute greatly when the above factors were included. The results confirm previous findings that season, gender and maturation must be taken into account in biomarker monitoring, but also indicate that other factors such as external lesions should be considered. 相似文献