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1.
本文利用Envisat ASAR的升、降轨和宽幅数据,通过基于先验知识的最小二乘迭代逼近获取大柴旦2次地震的地表三维同震形变.结果表明,2008年MW6.3地震垂直向形变主要发生在断层南盘,以隆升形变为主,最大隆升量约10cm,北盘沉降量小于等于-1cm.东西向形变在南盘呈向东运动的特征,最大运动量约4cm,北盘向西运动,最大运动量约为-2cm.2009年MW5.8地震垂直向形变显示断层南盘抬升的特征,最大抬升量约27cm,北盘最大沉降量约-3cm.东西向形变表现为南盘向东运动,最大约10cm,北盘向西运动,约为-4cm.可以看出这两次地震均表现为逆冲为主,兼少量左旋走滑的震源特征.视线向结果无法判定同震形变的少量走滑特征,而地表三维分量可以有效地识别出少量左旋还是右旋走滑的震源特性.本文以视线向、垂直向、东西向形变量作为约束条件,利用Okada模型正演了2008年地震同震三维形变场.结果显示,采用逆冲兼少量左旋走滑的发震断层参数,视线向、垂直向、东西向正演结果与观测结果吻合.这也表明采用分解后的地表三维同震形变场可以有效地识别出发震断层的少量左旋走滑特征. 相似文献
2.
地震三维形变场对于研究地震发震机制等具有重要意义。 已有的InSAR三维形变场重构研究中, 只有中强地震的实例。 由于形变量级小、 InSAR方位向形变的误差较大, 中小地震的三维形变场重构易受噪声等影响。 本文以2016年5月22日西藏定日MW5.3地震为例, 开展中小地震三维形变场重构的尝试。 首先基于InSAR技术获取了Sentinel-1升轨和降轨观测模式下的同震形变场, 再结合同震形变场的特点、 区域构造特征等, 添加限定方程(走滑运动为0), 重构了同震三维形变场。 结果显示, 震中附近以下降为主, 幅度达7 cm, 南北方向形变较小(约2 mm), 此区域还伴有2 cm的西向水平运动; 形变中心区域东西两侧部分区域均出现少许东向运动(1.5 cm)。 由同震形变场特征判断此次地震以正断破裂为主。 本文提出了基于连续性分层采样选取样本点方法, 以适应本地震形变场的实际情况。 对所得的LOS向位移场和重构的三维形变场进行降采样, 反演得到了断层面上的滑动分布, 两种数据得到的结果相似, 最优发震断层的走向约181°, 倾角约45°, 断层错动平均滑动角约-87.1°, 平均滑动量约为3.6 cm, 最大滑动量位于深度6.5 km处, 相当于一次MW5.4的地震。 相似文献
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利用覆盖九寨沟MS7.0地震的Sentinel-1升、降轨和Radarsat-2升轨数据,分别提取了3个轨道沿雷达视线向形变,运用多平台联合观测方法解算了九寨沟地震沿地表真实的垂直向、SN向和EW向形变信息。结果表明,3个轨道InSAR数据均监测到了LOS向同震形变,范围约55km×45km,呈“果仁状”,靠近卫星飞行方向最大形变量为12.9cm (降轨),远离卫星飞行方向最大形变量为19.5cm (升轨)。三维形变结果显示,垂直向上位移达23.4cm,垂直向下位移达17.6cm;北向位移达141.8cm,南向位移达100.2cm;东向位移达22.0cm,西向位移达10.7cm。树正断裂两端地块呈非对称水平相对运动,上盘单侧向东形变较剧烈,符合左旋走滑型地震事件的运动特征。 相似文献
4.
为了研究与总结2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震前GPS与跨断层资料反映的龙门山断裂带及其周边地区的运动、构造变形、应变积累演化过程,以及汶川地震临震阶段可能的物理机制,本文综合1999~2007期GPS速度场、1999~2008年大尺度GPS基线时间序列、1985~2008年跨断层短水准等资料进行了相关分析与讨论。结果表明:(1)GPS速度剖面结果显示,宽达500km的川西高原在震前有明显的连续变形,而四川盆地一侧和跨龙门山断裂带基本没有变形趋势,表明震前川西高原在持续不断地为已经处于闭锁状态的龙门山断裂带提供能量积累。(2)GPS应变率结果显示,震前龙门山断裂带中北段的NW侧EW向挤压变形明显,变形幅度从远离断裂带较大到靠近断裂带逐渐减小,而断裂带变形微弱;龙门山断裂带西南段周边形成了显著的EW向挤压应变集中区,应变积累速率明显大于中北段。(3)断层闭锁程度反演结果显示,除了汶川地震的震源位置闭锁相对较弱,且西南段有大概20km宽度断层在12~22.5km深度为蠕滑状态以外,震前整条龙门山断裂基本处于强闭锁状态。(4)大尺度GPS基线结果显示,跨南北地震带区域的NE向基线从2005年开始普遍出现压缩转折,反映NE向地壳缩短的相对运动增强。(5)跨断层短水准场地结果显示,震前年均垂直变化速率和形变累积率很低,表明断层近场垂向活动很弱、闭锁较强。通过以上分析认为,在相对小尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带深浅部均处于强闭锁状态,断裂带水平与垂直变形都很微弱,这可能经历了一个缓慢的过程,而且越是临近地震的发生,微弱变形的范围可能越大;在相对大尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带西侧的巴颜喀拉块体东部地区经历了地壳缓慢且持续的缩短挤压变形,为龙门山断裂带应变积累持续提供了动力支持。 相似文献
5.
D. D. Singh 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1997,150(1):53-73
—Rayleigh and Love waves generated by sixteen earthquakes which occurred in the Indian Ocean and were recorded at 13 WWSSN stations of Asia, Africa and Australia are used to determine the moment tensor solution of these earthquakes. A combination of thrust and strike-slip faulting is obtained for earthquakes occurring in the Bay of Bengal. Thrust, strike slip or normal faulting (or either of the combination) is obtained for earthquakes occurring in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The resultant compressive and tensional stress directions are estimated from more than 300 centroid moment tensor (CMT) solution of earthquakes occurring in different parts of the Indian Ocean. The resultant compressive stress directions are changing from north-south to east-west and the resultant tensional stress directions from east-west to north-south in different parts of the Indian Ocean. The results infer the counterclockwise movement of the region (0°–33°S and 64°E–94°E), stretching from the Rodriguez triple junction to the intense deformation zone of the central Indian Ocean and the formation of a new subduction zone (island arc) beneath the intense deformation zone of the central Indian Ocean and another at the southern part of the central Indian basin. The compressive stress direction is along the ridge axis and the extensional stress manifests across the ridge axis. The north-south to northeast-south west compression and east-west to northwest-southeast extension in the Indian Ocean suggest the northward underthrusting of the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate and the subduction beneath the Sunda arc region in the eastern part. The focal depth of earthquakes is estimated to be shallow, varying from 4 to 20 km and increasing gradually in the age of the oceanic lithosphere with the focal depth of earthquakes in the Indian Ocean. 相似文献
6.
Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007, GPS baseline time series on large scale during 1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008, the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement, tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500km wide, while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone, which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone, and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment. Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked, and a 20km width patch in southwestern segment between 12km to 22.5km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt, which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little, which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake, we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep, and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow, and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation. 相似文献
7.
利用InSAR技术,采用地震前后日本ALOS/ PALSAR数据,提取了2008年5月12日四川汶川地震7个条带的地表同震形变场.每个形变条带南北向500 km,东西向70 km,7个形变场覆盖了映秀镇、都江堰、茂县、北川、平武和青川.结果显示,此次地震地表破裂带在北川—映秀断裂带上.地表破裂带从汶川县映秀镇西南震中附近一直到青川县苏河北侧,全长约为230 km.发震断层西北盘为抬升盘,南东盘断层附近,仍然表现为隆起区,显示出以逆冲为主的断层性质.在汶川县映秀镇西侧震中区,最大相对卫星视线向形变量达260 cm,如果全部换算成垂直形变,则两个区域的垂直相对形变达3.3 m.从北川至平通一带,卫星视线向形变范围在120～180 cm的隆起带.其中,擂鼓镇隆起形变范围170～180 cm,换算成垂直形变约在2.2～2.3 m之间.在青川苏河北附近,有70～80 cm范围的隆起形变.在雅安、峨眉山一带,以及射洪至重庆北侧一带有大范围沉降区.在重庆及其南侧区域有幅度在20～30 cm小范围隆起.由青川向东至广元、宁强一带,有形变幅度在60～70 cm的隆起区.整个形变场影响范围较大,四川盆地出现了不同程度的地表形变. 相似文献
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9.
在假设临汾水准两次巨幅形变异常为断裂错动的情况下,基于矩形断层位错模型模拟了罗云山断裂（土门-峪里段）错动所引起的垂直形变场分布,并通过D-InSAR技术对研究区域内的地面形变场进行实测,分析结果表明：（1）断裂错动理论上可导致长轴与断裂走向平行的椭圆状变形区域,位于断裂上盘的区域中心变形量最大,变形量向外围逐渐衰减为零,两次错动导致的变形波及范围分别约为长轴18Km和26Km,短轴12Km和17Km,显著变形幅度分别约为1-3mm和4-14mm。（2）D-InSAR实测形变场显示两次异常期间研究区域内未发现与断裂走向一致的连续变形区域,仅在盆地内部存在可能由于过量开采地下水所导致的地面沉降,变形范围约为10-12mm和10-15mm。（3）实测形变场与理论形变场在变形区域和变形幅度上均不一致,说明断裂活动引起临汾水准巨幅形变的可能性不大,可能为断裂上盘的土层局部变形所致。（4）通过断层位错模型的理论模拟和D-InSAR技术的实际监测相结合可以有效地确定跨断层水准巨幅形变异常的性质,为重大水准异常核实提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
针对2008年1月9日MW6.4西藏改则地震和2008年1月16日的MW5.9余震,通过两通(2-pass)加外部DEM差分干涉处理技术(D-InSAR),提取了地震区域2次地震累积的视线向(LOS)同震形变场。结果表明:发震断层均为正断层,位于依布茶卡-日干配错断裂端点附近。主震发震断层走向为N30°E,余震发震断层走向为N21°E,两断层距离约7km;在影像上主震发震断层有造成地表破裂的痕迹,余震未见地表破裂的痕迹;这次地震造成的同震形变场长约30km,宽约20km,主震断层上盘和下盘视线向最大形变量分别为39.2cm和11.2cm,两盘相对位错达50.4cm,余震造成的视线向形变量为9.4cm 相似文献
11.
COSEISMIC SURFACE RUPTURES AND SEISMOGENIC MUJI FAULT OF THE 25 NOVEMBER 2016 ARKETAO MW6.6 EARTHQUAKE IN NORTHERN PAMIR 
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下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Jie LI Tao SUN Jian-bao FANG Li-hua YAO Yuan Li Yue-hua WANG Hao-ran FU Bo 《地震地质》2016,38(4):1160-1174
The MW6.6 Arketao earthquake,which occurred at 14:24:30 UTC 25 November 2016 was the largest earthquake to strike the sparsely inhabited Muji Basin of the Kongur extension system in the eastern Pamir since the M 7 1895 Tashkurgan earthquake.The preliminary field work,sentinel-1A radar interferometry,and relocated hypocenters of earthquake sequences show that the earthquake consists of at least two sub-events and ruptured at least 77km long of the active Muji dextral-slip fault,and the rupture from this right-lateral earthquake propagated mostly unilaterally to the east and up-dip.Tectonic surface rupture with dextral slip of up to 20cm was observed on two tens-meter long segments near the CENC epicenter and 32.6km to the east along the Muji Fault,the later was along a previously existing strand of the Holocene Muji fault scarps.Focal mechanisms are consistent with right-lateral motion along a plane striking 107°,dipping 76° to the south,with a rake of 174°.This plane is compatible with the observed tectonic surface rupture.More than 388 aftershocks were detected and located using a double-difference technique.The mainshock is relocated at the Muji Fault with a depth of 9.3km.The relocated hypocenters of the 2016 Arketao earthquake sequence showed a more than 85km long,less than 8km wide,and 5~13km deep,NWW trending streak of seismicity to the south of the Muji Fault.The focal mechanism and mapping of the surface rupture helped to document the south-dipping fault plane of the mainshock.The listric Muji Fault is outlined by the well-resolved south-dipping streak of seismicity.The 2016 Arketao MW6.6 and 2015 Murghob MW7.2 earthquakes highlight the importance role of strike-slip faulting in accommodating both east-west extensional and north-south compressional forces in the Pamir interior,and demonstrate that the present-day stress and deformation patterns in the northern Pamir plateau are dominant by east-west extension in the shallow upper crust. 相似文献
12.
利用D-InSAR技术,选用汶川地震前日本ALOS/PALSAR数据,提取了汶川地震前4个条带的形变场,形变场覆盖了映秀镇、茂县、北川县、平武和青川县.结果显示,汶川地震前形变场沿断层呈“凸”状对称形变分布特征,沿发震断层附近出现隆起形变,而远离发震断层两盘均出现下沉,且随着远离断层距离的增加,沉降幅度逐步增加.在断层两侧附近的平武、北川、安县、江油一带出现了大面积形变隆起,幅度为5～10 cm,且断层西侧抬升范围大于东侧.在映秀镇和汶川地震震中附近,沿断层两侧呈现出小范围斑块状隆起,范围在10～15 cm.该隆起区域与汶川震中位置和破裂最强烈段落基本一致.在远离断层的两盘区域出现沉降,绵阳至成都一带沉降范围在0～ -10 cm之间,松潘至文县一带沉降范围在-5～ -10 cm之间.研究表明对于处于闭锁阶段的逆冲断层,震前的垂直变形可能是其主要变形特征.虽然获得的震前形变变化可能存在5 cm的DEM和对流层大气延迟造成的误差,但这种震前垂直形变场变化趋势仍然存在,可能为地震监测预报提供科学依据. 相似文献
13.
Vertical coseismic deformation on non-causative fault caused by remote strong earthquakes(epicentral distance≥1500 km,MS≥7.0)are observed by fault-monitoring instruments of new type during recent two years.The monitor-ing result shows,delay time,maximum amplitude and duration of vertical deformation on the non-causative faulthave remarkable close relationship with earthquakes magnitude and epicentral distance.The delay time of verticalcoseismic deformation have positive linear relationship with epicentral distance.The velocity of coseismic defor-mation is 5.5 km/s,close to the velocity of surface wave in granite.The logarithms of maximum amplitude of co-seismic deformation and epicentral distance have remarkable linear relationship with magnitude.The greater themagnitude and the closer the epicentral distance are,the bigger the maximum amplitude of coseismic deformationon non-causative fault will be.Relative to the epicentral distance,the magnitude is the most important factor to theduration of coseismic vertical deformation on the non-causative fault.Stronger earthquake causes longer vibrationduration of coseismic deformation.The experiential equation of co-seismic deformation faults obtained by thiswork is significant on the coseismic deformation research. 相似文献
14.
Edelvays Spassov 《Journal of Seismology》1998,2(2):173-178
The purpose of this study is to make an estimate of the stress field in the Australian continent from composite fault plane solutions of the strongest events in the area. 21 seismic events with magnitude greater than 5.0 have been chosen from a database of 400 Australian earthquakes since 1902 for performing composite fault plane solutions. The choice is based on the availability of data for first P-wave arrivals. Using data from ISC bulletins we have calculated composite fault plane solutions for six major earthquake zones in the country. An individual fault plane solution for at least one event in each zone has been computed, too. The space distribution of the focal mechanisms confirms a dominant east-west compression stress in the continent, with different tilt in different areas. The main compression axes in the Tennant Creek area (Northern Australia) are with clear north-south direction. The general direction of the plate motion is north-northeast. 相似文献
15.
Coseismic Three-Dimensional Displacements Determined Using SAR Data: Theory and an Application Test 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pablo J. González José Fernández Antonio G. Camacho 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(8-9):1403-1424
We present a methodology to construct three-dimensional deformation maps using different parameters that can be extracted using SAR data. We apply the methodology using ENVISAT SAR data before and after the December 26th, 2003 Mw 6.6 Bam earthquake in Iran to determine spatial quasi-continuous three-dimensional coseismic deformation maps. Two near vertical deformation offset components are computed using Envisat ASAR differential interferometry (DInSAR), while two horizontal deformation offset components are measured using sub-pixel correlation techniques applied to ASAR amplitude images. Using the presented methodology, we combine four unevenly precise independent projections of surface coseismic deformation to obtain the full three-dimensional coseismic deformation field caused by an earthquake. The full 3-D coseismic displacement vector is modeled using elastic deformation models constraining details of the fault geometry and slip distribution at depth. Results from the inversion are interpreted in the framework of the Iranian present-day tectonism. Full exploitation of dense 3-D coseismic surface deformation using SAR data, even for moderate earthquakes, should facilitate distinguishing between different interpretations of the mechanical properties of seismically active areas and within the inherent ambiguity of the geophysical inversion solutions. 相似文献
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近年来,合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)技术在地面沉降监测方面展现了巨大的应用潜力,但受其重访周期和一维形变测量能力的限制,仅利用单一轨道卫星观测数据很难揭示真实的地表形变特征及其演化规律.随着在轨运行的SAR卫星系统不断增加,使得融合相同时间段内覆盖同一区域的多源多轨道InSAR数据成为可能.然而目前普遍采用的多源InSAR数据融合方法均为针对大尺度形变监测设计,或者忽略南北向形变甚至水平形变,容易造成误判.为此,本文对经典小基线集(Small Baseline Subset, SBAS)时序InSAR分析方法进行改进,在其形变反演模型中加入东西向和南北向形变参数,采用方差分量估计方法解算多源观测数据验后方差,通过迭代精化确定权重矩阵,从而获得形变参数的最优估值.使用美国南加州地区的ALOS PALSAR和ENVISAT ASAR数据开展实验,利用南加州综合GPS网(SCIGN)位于研究区域内的9个站点观测数据进行验证,结果表明本文方法得到的融合形变测量结果在垂直向上能够准确反映地表形变波动,周期性与GPS观测比较一致;同时,融合得到的三维形变场显示南加州洛杉矶地区存在不可忽略的水平形变,东西向形变测量精度略高于南北向.因此,基于方差分量估计的多源InSAR融合方法在提高形变测量时间序列连续性的同时,能够更准确地反演研究区域三维形变特征. 相似文献
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基于D-InSAR技术的西藏改则地震同震形变场特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年1月9日在西藏改则地区发生6.9级地震, 接着1月16日又发生6.0级余震, 表现为双震型。 本文利用差分干涉测量技术(D-INSAR), 通过对欧空局ASAR数据进行处理获取了其同震干涉形变场。 通过分析表明: 改则地震干涉形变场呈双贝壳状, 影响范围约33 km×30 km, 以北东向地震破裂带为分界线分为西北视线向沉降盘与东南视线向隆升盘, 最大视线向沉降形变量约53.2 cm, 最大视线向隆升形变量约11.3 cm。 西北沉降盘又存在东、 西两个形变中心, 推测西部形变中心受6.0级余震的控制, 东部形变中心受6.9级主震的控制。 宏观震中位置应位于左旋走滑改则—洞错断裂与依布茶卡—日干配错断裂的分阶部位(左阶), 构造应力场以张性拉伸为主, 导致地震破裂为典型的正断层破裂, 与此次地震的干涉形变场特征及哈佛大学震源机制解吻合。 相似文献
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文中收集了1999—2015年天山地震带及其周边地区的GNSS数据,计算得到了速度场结果,并利用弹性块体模型计算了研究区域内各块体的闭锁深度和主要断层的滑动速率。研究结果表明:南天山断裂带西段的迈丹断裂的缩短速率处于高值状态,达(-6.3±1.9) mm/a,高于南天山东段;北天山断裂带西段的缩短速率同样高于东段。利用主要断裂带的滑动速率计算出各地震带的地震矩积累变化及1900年以来的地震矩释放变化量,以分析地震矩亏损分布,结果显示北天山山前断裂、迈丹断裂、额尔齐斯断裂带北段和喀什河断裂西段存在较大的地震矩亏损,具有孕育7级以上地震的潜能,而北轮台断裂、柯坪断裂带中段则呈现地震矩盈余状态,在未来的一段时间内不具备发生强震的可能。 相似文献
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喜马拉雅构造带及其临近区域是印度板块与欧亚大陆板块挤压碰撞的前缘地带.本文利用GPS实测速度场与震源机制解数据分别计算了研究区域现今地壳岩石圈表面的GPS应变场及岩石圈内部的主应力分布,研究了印度板块持续挤压作用下板块边界带地壳岩石圈现今地壳形变的空间分布特征.结果显示,南北向的剧烈挤压变形与东西向的拉伸变形是现今青藏高原南缘地壳岩石圈的主要变形特征.其中南北向的地壳挤压变形主要集中在主前缘冲断带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间.东西方向上,南北走向的亚东—谷露断裂是区域地壳东西向伸展变形的重要分界断裂.75°E是研究区域地壳形变的另一条显著不连续边界,其西侧地壳主压应变强度低、方向弥散且最大主压应力方向一致性较差,而东侧地壳主压应变方向与主压应力方向以及地壳水平运动速度场方向均具有较好的一致性.布格重力异常的小波多尺度辨析结果显示该分界带与循喜马拉雅西构造结楔入欧亚大陆的印度板块密切相关. 相似文献