共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
本文研究青蛤Cyclina sinensis软体部重量和三种生化组分含量的季节变化。结果表明:6-9月,随着性腺的发育,青蛤标准动物(壳长34mm±0.4)软体部干重、蛋白质和脂类含量逐渐增大。8月,软体部干重和含脂量达一年中最高值,雌、雄个体含脂量分别为75.7mg和74.6mg。而软体部蛋白质含量最高值出现在产卵前的9月份,雌、雄个体蛋白质含量分别为226.6mg和303.7mg。雌性个体碳水化合物含量在这期间无显著变化,雄性个体则升高。从10月上旬开始,随着配子的排放,软体部干重、蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物含量急剧下降至一年最低值。11月后又逐渐恢复至初春水平。软体部碳水化合物含量在12—1月较高,出现一年的第二个高峰。作者认为,碳水化合物是冬季青蛤代谢的主要能源。 相似文献
2.
环沟格特蛤生化成分的周年变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
周年逐月采集环沟格特蛤分别测定软体部,性腺,足肌和消化腺的蛋白质,脂肪,糖的含量,并测定性腺甾类激素和以细胞磷推算的ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ含量,结果表明,其蛋白质和脂肪含量的变化与性腺发育周期一致,糖的变化与蛋白质和脂肪相反,提示该种蛤在性腺生长周期糖类向蛋白质的脂肪转化,并且随着性腺的发育,消化腺和足肌的蛋白质和脂肪转运到性腺,环沟格特蛤的甾类激素,ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＲ的含量变化与蛋白质及脂肪的含量变化有一定 相似文献
3.
周年逐月采集环沟格特蛤（Ｋａｔｅｌｙｓｉａｒｉｍｕｌａｒｉｓ）,分别测定软体部、性腺、足肌和消化腺的蛋白质、脂肪、糖的含量,并测定性腺甾类激素和以细胞磷推算的ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ含量。结果表明,其蛋白质和脂肪含量的变化与性腺发育周期一致,糖的变化与蛋白质和脂肪相反,提示该种蛤在性腺生长周期糖类向蛋白质和脂肪转化,并且随着性腺的发育,消化腺和足肌的蛋白质和脂肪转运到性腺。环沟格特蛤的甾类激素、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ的含量变化与蛋白质及脂肪的含量变化有一致性,提示甾类激素是促进性腺蛋白质合成的内因之一。 相似文献
4.
为了阐明青岛近海长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)性腺发育周期及生化成分周年变化,于2019年4月—2020年3月,对青岛田横岛海区长牡蛎的性腺发育周期、生化成分(糖原、脂肪、蛋白质)的周年变化与环境因子(温度、盐度、叶绿素a)关系进行研究。研究显示,调查区长牡蛎性腺发育周期分为两个阶段:休止期(10—12月)和配子发生期(1—9月)。少部分长牡蛎配子发生于温度较低的1月(5.4℃),随着温度升高配子逐渐发育成熟,在6月温度较高(20℃)和叶绿素a浓度较大(1.67μg·L-1)情况下,配子进入排放期。在配子发生期间,随着配子的成熟,条件指数和卵径在5月达到最大值,在配子排放后降低。生化成分含量为:在冬末春初浮游植物繁殖期间糖原含量储存在长牡蛎各组织中,随着性腺发育,各组织的糖原含量逐渐下降,为配子发育提供能量,这表明贮藏在各组织的糖原是配子发生期间的主要能源物质;性腺-内脏团的脂肪和蛋白质含量随着卵径增加呈上升趋势,产卵后其含量显著下降,表明脂肪和蛋白质与配子发育密切相关。研究结果表明,田横岛海域长牡蛎配子的发育方式为保守种模式。 相似文献
5.
为了开发保护胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔增养殖业,保护菲律宾蛤仔资源,本文利用组织学手段对胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔的性腺发育及生殖周期进行了研究。通过组织切片观察,确定胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔除5～6月份为繁殖期之外,9～10月为另一繁殖期。根据性腺细胞在生殖滤泡中的比例,将其第二繁殖期内的生殖腺发育过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期五个阶段。结合自然海区调查观测。确定海区水温15℃以上时,蛤仔排放精、卵,且在繁殖盛期至少有两次集中排放的过程。胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔的性腺发育和生殖周期与自然野生种群的情况基本一致。 相似文献
6.
锯缘青蟹胚胎发育过程主要生化组成 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
锯缘青蟹胚胎３种主要生化组成以蛋白质含量为最高，脂类含量次之，碳水化合物含量最低。胚胎发育的结果导致三种主要生化组成含量降低，其中蛋白质减少了３９．０％，脂类、碳水化合物含量分别减少了１７．０％、７．７％，说明蛋白是青蟹胚胎发育的主要能源物质，这可能与动物适应热带、亚热带的水生环境有关。 相似文献
7.
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雄性生殖系统发育过程中生化成分的季节变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用生化方法测定了中华绒螯蟹雄性生殖系统及肝胰腺各组织中甘油三酯、胆固醇、蛋白质、葡萄糖和糖原含量的季节变化。结果表明，全年胆固醇含量在肝胰腺、血淋巴和精巢中均有2个高峰，分别在6月和12月、7月和12月、9月和次年1月，且第二峰值均明显高于第一峰值；肝胰腺葡萄糖含量最高值出现在6月，之后逐渐下降，而血淋巴和精巢则在7月，之后亦逐渐下降；肝胰腺和血淋巴出现糖原峰值的时间和葡萄糖相似，但精巢在9月，而副性腺在8月时已达到较高含量，最高值出现在次年1月；蛋白质的变化与上述3种物质基本相似，但血淋巴出现峰值的时间要早于肝胰腺。上述各生化成分变化的先后顺序和连续性表明，肝胰腺内上述物质在进入性腺快速发育期前，经血淋巴向精巢和副性腺转移，精巢对胆固醇和葡萄糖的积累要早于副性腺，这些物质的变化与生殖周期存在明显的相关性。肝胰腺中甘油三酯始终处于积累状态，而精巢和副性腺在前期对甘油三酯的积累极少，直至后期才略有上升，表明甘油三酯并非性腺发育所必需。 相似文献
8.
海地瓜（Acaudina molpadioides）是一种低值海参,本研究运用组织学和形态学方法对福建北部海域海地瓜的性腺发育特征及其周年变化进行了研究,并进一步探究了性别比、生殖周期、精卵排放类型、繁殖季节等繁殖生物学相关内容。结果表明,雌、雄海地瓜的性腺发育均可划分为休止期 (I)、发育早期 (II)、增长期 (III)、成熟期 (IV)、部分排放期 (V) 和排空期 (VI),雌、雄性腺发育程度基本同步。海地瓜性腺发育有明显的周年变化规律:大多数海地瓜在5月性成熟后开始陆续排放配子,配子排放过程中伴随着生殖管的自体破坏然后重生,即性腺开始新一轮发育,新的生殖细胞在11月开始生成并逐步发育直至翌年5月成熟。海地瓜性别比接近1∶1,生殖周期为1年,繁殖期为5?8月（夏季）,属于多次排精卵类型。 相似文献
9.
研究了极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)在实验室培养和规模化中试培养条件下,在其培养基中添加20×10-6Na2SeO3后,硒在其细胞中的分布特点及对生化组成的影响。结果表明,硒在细胞中的质量比可达126.7μg/g(实验室培养),甚至高达606.5μg/g(中试培养),其中主要分布于细胞中的蛋白质中,占总硒的69.4%(实验室培养),甚至可达94%(中试培养),比对照组增长了33.4%;糖类和脂类中硒仅占小部分,糖类1.4%,脂类2.7%~3.5%。20×10-6Na2SeO3的存在没有影响极大螺旋藻的生长,生物量反而提高了6.0%;其中糖类提高了49.6%,脂类25.0%,但蛋白质下降了11.1%。 相似文献
10.
通过常规生物学测定、解剖观察和组织切片方法,对2011年6月~2012年5月采自青岛浮山湾海域的多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)样本进行繁殖生物学研究。结果表明:青岛近海多棘海盘车的繁殖季节为10月至次年1月;雌雄发育同步,性比为1.05∶1;根据卵巢和精巢的外观特征、组织学结构特点和性成熟系数,可将两者的发育分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ期,每个分期具有不同的性腺结构特点和配子特征;海水温度和日照长短会影响性腺发育,温度降低会刺激个体繁殖;性腺生长由消化腺提供能量,性成熟系数和消化腺指数在一周年内呈负相关关系。 相似文献
11.
C. Fernandez 《Marine Ecology》1998,19(1):1-11
Abstract. Monthly soluble and insoluble protein, carbohydrate, lipid and ash levels and energetic content were measured in tissues of Paracentrotus lividus adults living in a lagoonal environment over a 1-year period to increase our understanding of resource allocation to the different tissues. The biochemical composition of P. lividus individuals in this environment is similar to that observed in other environments. The gonad and gut contained a high level of proteins soluble or insoluble, a lesser amount of lipids and, finally, a low level of carbohydrates. The main component of the test was ash, followed by protein levels. The lipid and carbohydrate levels in the test were very low. Seasonal variability in the biochemical composition of the different body parts was observed. In the gonad, an increase in the level of lipids was recorded concomitant to an increase in gonad weight. The lipids and carbohydrates, after an initial increase, decreased with the maturation of the gonad. The biochemical variations observed in the gut seem to be linked to both the reproductive cycle and the sea urchin's trophic activity. Variability in the test was low and irregular for all of the observed biochemical components. As P. lividus is an important member of the benthic community in the Urbinu lagoon, this echinoid represents an important store of materials and energy within this lagoonal environment. 相似文献
12.
The effects of 7 days’ exposure to differing Triclosan (TCS) concentrations (300, 600, and 900 ng/L) were investigated in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein levels in haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females, gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in gills and digestive gland, and gill lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. The highest TCS concentrations decreased significantly Vg levels in male haemolymph and digestive gland, whereas no significant variations were found in females. The highest TCS concentrations increased significantly SOD activity in gills, but decreased it in digestive gland. No changes in CAT activity were observed. In gills, TCS reduced significantly AChE activity, but it did not induce significant variations in LPO. Our study demonstrates that TCS alters biochemical parameters in R. philippinarum, even at environmentally realistic concentrations, and suggests differing modes of action of the contaminant, in clams at least. 相似文献
13.
This paper describes a computational model of digestive gland epithelial cells (digestive cells) of marine mussels. These cells are the major environmental interface for uptake of contaminants, particularly those associated with natural particulates that are filtered from seawater by mussels. Digestive cells show well characterised reactions to exposure to lipophilic xenobiotics, such as oil-derived aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs), which accumulate in these cells with minimal biotransformation. The simulation model is based on processes associated with the flux of carbon through the cell. Physiological parameters such as fluctuating food concentration, cell volume, respiration, secretion/excretion, storage of glycogen and lipid, protein/organelle turnover (autophagy/resynthesis) and export of carbon to other tissues of the mussel are all included in the model. The major response to AHs is induction of increased autophagy in these cells. Simulations indicate that the reactions to AHs and food deprivation correspond well with responses measured in vivo. 相似文献
14.
Vitellins (Vn) are the major egg yolk proteins that constitute an important energy reserve for mollusc embryos. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the relative levels of sugars, lipids, phosphates, and labile IIb metals and calcium normally associated with Vn would differ in clam populations living at contaminated sites. Softshell clams (Mya arenaria) were collected at three sites in the area of the Saguenay Fjord: a marina, a municipal sewer outfall zone, and a reference site. The condition factor (weight:length ratio), metallothionein-like proteins, cytochrome P450 1A1 activity and DNA damage were all determined in the clam's digestive gland. Levels of total sugars, lipids, alkali-labile phosphates, proteins, and labile zinc and calcium were determined in female gonad homogenates and in purified Vn. The results show that clam gonads at the contaminated site by a marina displayed a lower index of gonad activity than the reference site. In addition, the condition factor was significantly lower at the marina site as compared to the reference site, with a concomitant increase in DNA damage and metallothionein (MT) induction. In fact, the condition factor was significantly correlated with DNA damage (R = -0.413, P = 0.045) and MT levels (R = -0.622, P = 0.03). Homogenates of female gonads were found to contain higher levels of labile IIb metals and calcium, with lower lipid content at the marina site compared to the reference site, and much higher levels of alkali-labile phosphates (ALP) and calcium at the municipal outfall site. Vn from the marina site were significantly higher in labile IIb metals but lipid content appeared to be somewhat lower than at the reference site. Vn from the municipal site were found to be highly phosphorylated, with higher levels of lipids and calcium. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the gonads and Vn are altered in contaminated sites. 相似文献
15.
The aim of this work was to study seasonal variation of histopathological and histochemical markers in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) exposed to pyrogenic PAH contaminants. Mussels were collected in January, June, September and October from a sampling site in the vicinity of the discharge from an aluminium smelter and from a clean reference site. Histopathological analysis was carried out on the digestive gland (DG) and the gonads, lipofuscin and neutral lipids were analysed in the DG. Clear responses in lipofuscin and neutral lipids were detected in the DG of mussels collected from the polluted site at some sampling times. Moreover, these mussels presented atrophy in digestive tubules and haemocytic aggregates in the gonad and DG. However, in all parameters studied, the magnitude of the response showed clear seasonal variation. 相似文献
16.
Dailianis S Domouhtsidou GP Raftopoulou E Kaloyianni M Dimitriadis VK 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(4):443-470
The neutral red lysosomal retention assay (NRR) of the haemocytes, and the acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in the haemolymph, the digestive gland, the gills and the mantle/gonad complex have been evaluated on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from Thermaikos and Strymonikos gulfs (northern Greece) in June and October 2001. The validity of performing the above core biomarkers is supported, firstly by their ability to respond to different pollution levels and, secondly, by the significant linear correlation among them. The evaluation of the micronuclei frequency (MN) has been performed in gill tissue and haemocytes of the same mussels and, according to the results, it needs more research in order its use as stress indices to be validated. In addition, the first results on cAMP levels in the gills, the mantle/gonad complex and the digestive gland, whose concentrations correlated to both, NRR and AChE introduce this signal transduction molecule as a new, promising biomarker. 相似文献
17.
Suze Chora Brian McDonagh David Sheehan Mireille Starita-Geribaldi Michèle Roméo Maria J Bebianno 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):95-97
Environmental pollutants, such as metals, are widespread in aquatic environments and can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly toxic in marine species since they can cause serious reversible and irreversible changes in proteins including ubiquitination and modifications such as carbonylation. This study aimed to confirm the potential of ubiquitination and carbonylation as markers of oxidative stress in the clam Ruditapes decussatus (Veneroida, Veneridae) exposed to cadmium (40 microg/L). After 21 days of exposure clams were dissected into gills and digestive gland. Cytosolic proteins of both tissues were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D SDS-PAGE) and analysed by immunobloting. Higher ubiquitination and carbonylation levels were in digestive gland of contaminated organisms. These results confirm the potential of ubiquitination and carbonylation as a sensitive and specific marker of oxidative stress in marine bivalves. In this approach, changes in protein structure provide options for affinity selection of sub-proteomes for 2D SDS-PAGE, simplifying the detection of protein biomarkers using proteomic approach. 相似文献
18.
Wintermyer M Skaidas A Roy A Yang YC Georgapoulos P Burger J Cooper K 《Marine environmental research》2005,60(2):133-152
A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) was developed to describe the kinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). The estimated t(1/2) of elimination for a bolus dose of TCDD in C. virginica is approximately 14-24 days based on both the experimental data and the PBPK model. The highest dioxin concentration reached during 28-days was in the digestive gland followed by the mantle, gonad, hemolymph, gill, adductor muscle, and the kidney/heart. A binding protein for 2,3,7,8-TCDD had been reported in the literature for both the digestive gland and gonad. Incorporating a binding component in the model resulted in a better fit for the data. The PBPK model predicted the distribution and the elimination concentrations for 2,3,7,8-TCDD within each of the tissue compartments. This model will serve as a useful tool for predicting the kinetics of other persistent organic pollutants as well as, allow for a more refined ecological risk assessment by estimating dioxin concentrations in sensitive tissues such as the gonad. 相似文献