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1.
通过海水陆基围隔实验,研究了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)与青蛤(Cyclina senensis)、菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)投饵混养的适宜配比、经济效益和生态效益。实验结束时对虾的体重、成活率和净产量分别为5.30~6.12g,62.96%~78.21%和1 065.0~1 367.6kg.hm-2。青蛤体重和净产量分别为6.85~7.15g,和51~328kg.hm-2。菊花心江蓠净产量为3 900~9 380kg.hm-2。混养系统的经济效益和生态效益均优于对虾单养。在本实验条件下,混养系统的最佳结构为凡纳滨对虾30ind.m-2,青蛤30ind.m-2,菊花心江蓠200g.m-2;其N,P绝对利用率分别为52.94%和26.09%。 相似文献
2.
对虾、青蛤和江蓠混养系统氮磷收支的实验研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为减少养殖污水中营养盐的排放量,降低对近海水质的污染,采用海水陆基围隔实验法,对凡纳滨对虾(Litope-naeus vannamei)、青蛤(Cyclina sinesis)和菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)不同混养系统的氮(N)、磷(P)收支状况进行了实验研究。结果表明:实验中的单养组投放的饵料占N总输入的75.5%,占P总输入的93.6%,混养组投放的饵料占N总输入的54.7%~64.8%,占P总输入的81.6%~88.7%;在支出项目中,单养组和混养组收获的养殖生物分别占N总输入的25.0%和44.4%~51.5%,占P总收入的11.2%和25.1%~31.8%;底泥沉积N,P为其主要支出项目,单养组和混养组分别占总输入的45.1%和30.0~32.5%,68.3%和50.3%~57.1%,其中混养组N,P的底泥沉积量低于单养组。 相似文献
3.
通过设置5个N/P浓度梯度和3个N浓度下的4个N:P梯度,进行了江蓠对N、P的短期(O-4h)和长期(第14天)吸收速率(SNUR和LNUR)以及短期和长期吸收效率(SNUE和LNUE)的研究,同时观察了5个N/P浓度梯度对江蓠细胞超微结构的影响.结果表明:N∶P比为16∶1时,江蓠对N、P的SNUR和LNUR均最大(P＜0.05); N/P为1200/75和960/60μmol/L浓度时,分别对N和P的SNUR最大,达12.85和0.79μmol/(gDW·h),但此N/P浓度下长期培养的江蓠叶绿体结构存在不同程度的损伤;而N/P浓度480/30μmol/L时,对N和P的LNUR均最大值4.23和0.31 μmol/(gDW·h).江蓠对N、P的SNUE和LNUE在介质N/P 60/3.75μmol/L时为最高,而在1200/75 μmol/L时为最低(P＜0.05). 相似文献
4.
测定不同光强下菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)的产氧率和耗氧率.结果表明,20 000 lx以内菊花心江蓠的产氧率和光强的相关曲线的回归方程为y=0. 000 144 3x-0. 122 1,R2=0. 993 8,实验条件下菊花心江蓠的耗氧率为0. 121±0. 010 mg/(g·h),光补偿点为825 lx,光饱和点在20 000～22 000 lx之间,光饱和时的产氧率为2. 723±0. 329 mg/(g·h).光饱和以后菊花心江蓠的产氧率基本保持不变,45 000 lx以后出现轻微光抑制现象.测量水下光强随水深变化情况,发现水深达到水体透明度深度时,光强约14 000～15 000 lx,与菊花心江蓠的最大生长率的光强接近.测量不同养殖模式的溶解氧浓度昼夜变化,发现养殖密度过大可能在凌晨出现缺氧状态.根据菊花心江蓠的光合特性,提出江蓠养殖、江蓠用于生态修复的水深调控方法以及江蓠用于生态养殖的密度调控方法,以保持不同需求条件下较高的经济或生态效益. 相似文献
5.
菊花心江蓠对中国明对虾养殖环境净化作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过陆基围隔探讨了菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)养殖环境的净化作用。虾的放养密度为32ind.m-2,混养不同放养密度的江蓠(120,240,360,480g.m-2)。经90d的养殖,实验统计结果表明,混养江蓠的中国明对虾的生长和总产量均优于对照组(P<0.05)。水质分析结果表明,在相同的环境条件和管理方式下,各处理组NH4 的含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),PO43-和叶绿素a的含量也低于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,混养江蓠可以改善水质条件和提高混养对虾的生长和成活率,菊花心江蓠对中国明对虾的养殖具有一定的净化产作用。在菊花心江蓠不同放养密度的处理中,在此对虾放养密度的池塘中混养江蓠的最佳放养密度为360g.m-2。 相似文献
6.
几种虾、贝、藻混养模式能量收支及转化效率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验采用围隔实验方法,对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、青蛤(Cyclina sinesis)、菊花心江蓠(Gracilarialichevoides)和活菌净水剂的不同单、混养生态系统的能量收支和转化效率进行了研究。实验结果表明,实验期间系统接受的总太阳光辐射能为1 983.2 MJ/m2。浮游植物对光能的利用效率在各处理间无差异(0.147±0.007)%,混养江蓠显著地提高了总利用效率(0.308±0.019)%。总能量的转化效率,虾藻混养(28.36%)和江蓠单养(27.65%)最高,其次是虾贝藻混养(26.70%),对虾单养(12.24%)最低。单位净产量对饲料能的消耗,对虾单养(21.24 MJ/kg)最多,虾菌、虾贝混养(18.76~18.97 MJ/kg)次之,而虾藻、虾贝藻混养(2.64~3.24 MJ/kg)则显著地降低了饲料消耗量。实验中投喂组都有较多的能量沉积,对虾单养沉积量达到1.10 MJ/m2,虾贝混养(1.30 MJ/m2)稍高,而虾贝藻、虾菌、虾藻混养平均为0.53 MJ/m2,显著地低于对照。结果表明,混养青蛤和菊花心江蓠显著地提高了对虾养殖中的光能利用率和能量转化效率,减少了能量沉积,从而大大地提高了能量的利用效率。 相似文献
7.
8.
将细基江蓠繁枝变型在铁限制条件下连续培养60天，分析海藻体内铁、色素、各种元素(N、P、C等)及总氨基酸水平的变化特征、铁限制对细基江蓠繁枝变型光反应系统的影响以及铁限制的细基江蓠繁枝变型对N、P和Fe^3 的吸收动力学特征。结果表明，在铁限制培养60天过程中(海水中铁的总浓度为451mol／L)，细基江蓠组织中铁的含量和色素水平均随着铁限制时间的延长极显著地呈现指数下降。组织铁含量仅为对照组的5．26％，叶绿素和藻红素含量分别为对照组的7．9％和33．8％。在铁限制培养过程中，组织中的N：P比由起始的29．53降低到23．68，而C：N比值几乎保持恒定。比生长率与组织中铁含量呈显著的正相关，铁限制使完整组织低温下的荧光发射强度受到不同程度的影响，荧光发射峰位蓝移，光系统Ⅰ与光系统Ⅱ的荧光发射强度之比PSⅠ：PSⅡ降低。在适度铁限制条件下(铁限制培养30天)，细基江蓠对Fe^3 的还原和吸收能力都明显增强，铁限制海藻铁吸收速率的大小与铁限制的培养过程中以及铁吸收实验过程中介质的氮源种类有关，即在以NO3^-—N为惟一氮源进行铁限制培养后，在以NH4^ —N为氮源的介质中铁的吸收速率远大于在以NO3^-—N为氮源的介质中铁的吸收速率。铁限制在不同程度上影响了细基江蓠对氯、磷的吸收能力，尤其对NO3^-—N的吸收影响较大，其最大吸收速率(Vmax)降低为对照组的33．4％。 相似文献
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10.
《海洋湖沼通报》2018,(5)
研究了珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephe lusfuscoguttatus♀×E.luslanceolatus♂)与3种不同海水植物工厂化原位混养系统的动植物生长及水质变化情况。实验设4个处理组,分别为珍珠龙胆与菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)混养(FA),珍珠龙胆与长茎葡萄蕨藻混养(Caulerpa lentillifera)(FB),珍珠龙胆与海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)混养(FC),以及珍珠龙胆单养(F)。结果表明,石斑鱼的特定生长率在0.69~0.82%之间,以实验组FC最高,显著高于FA和对照(P0.05),而与FB差异不显著(P0.05);饲料系数在1.02~1.11之间,以FC最高,显著高于FA和对照(P0.05),而与FB之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。三种混养植物的净产量方面,以海马齿最高,达(1730.26±117.01)g·m~(-2),显著高于菊花江蓠和长茎葡萄蕨藻(P0.05)。各混养处理的水质指标整体上均优于石斑鱼单养,其中以处理FC的整体水质条件最好,其PO_4~--P、COD、悬浮物浓度等指标均显著低于其他处理组(P0.05)。研究表明,工厂化养殖模式下珍珠龙胆石斑鱼与菊花江蓠、长茎葡萄蕨藻、海马齿3种海水植物原位混养的养殖效果均优于石斑鱼单养,其中以珍珠龙胆与海马齿的混养效果最佳。 相似文献
11.
在添加浒苔和紫菜干体的条件下,通过测定藻细胞数量,观察藻细胞形态,分析海藻干体对米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的半抑制和完全抑制浓度以及半抑制和完全抑制浓度有效作用的起始藻细胞数量范围,研究了浒苔和紫菜干体对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.在此基础上,设定海藻干体的添加量为其完全抑制浓度,通过监测微藻培养液中总氮(硝酸态氮、氨态氮和亚硝酸态氮)和总磷等变化,分析海藻干体添加对培养液营养化程度的影响.结果表明:(1)当浒苔和紫菜干体浓度分别大于0.8 g/L 和1.0 g/L 时,海藻干体能显著抑制3种赤潮微藻的生长,它们对赤潮微藻的生长抑制率超过60%(第12 d).(2)浒苔和紫菜干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度(IC50)接近,在0.71~1.22 g/L 之间;但完全抑制浓度(IC10)差别较大,浒苔干体对3种赤潮微藻的完全抑制浓度在2.4~2.8 g/L 范围,其数值约为紫菜干体对它们的完全抑制浓度的2倍.(3)3种赤潮微藻起始藻细胞数量不超过40伊104·mL-1(对于米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻来说,起始藻细胞数量可增大至60伊104·mL-1),海藻干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度和完全抑制浓度均有效.(4)添加海藻干体的实验组培养液中总氮和总磷含量均明显高于对照培养液中总氮和总磷含量.其中,实验组培养液中总氮浓度为382滋g/L,总磷浓度明显低于100滋g/L.综上所述,浒苔和紫菜干体具有强烈的抑藻作用,且不会造成培养液营养加剧现象,可尝试应用于赤潮微藻的控制与治理中. 相似文献
12.
An acoustic laboratory experiment using 5-MHz signals was conducted to measure the volume backscattering strengths of red-tide causing microalgae, Chattonella antiqua, which is one of the species of harmful algal blooms in the coastal waters of Korea and Japan. The measured backscattering strengths increased with cell abundance, with a slope of approximately 10 dB per decade increase in cell numbers. The density and sound speed ratios of the Chattonella cell to the water medium were estimated via the density gradient centrifugation method and the time-travel difference method, respectively. Finally, the measured backscattering strengths were compared to those predicted by a fluid-sphere scattering model, in which the estimated sound speed and density contrasts were used as input parameters. 相似文献
13.
Rosie Chance Alex R. Baker Frithjof C. Küpper Claire Hughes Bernard Kloareg Gill Malin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
A number of field and laboratory studies on the impact of marine macroalgae on dissolved inorganic iodine speciation are presented. Within tidally isolated rock pools, the brown macroalga Fucus serratus was found to both release stored iodide and to facilitate the reduction of iodate to iodide. In contrast, no discernible changes in iodine speciation were observed in rock pools containing green macroalgae of the genus Ulva. Incubation experiments confirmed that the macroalgae Laminaria digitata, F. serratus and Kallymenia antarctica release iodide, though the rate of release varied between species and between specimens of the same species. Application of oxidative stress by treatment with cell wall derived oligoguluronate elicitors increased the efflux of iodide by L. digitata approximately 20-fold. The release of iodide by macroalgae may impact upon the formation of volatile iodine species (molecular iodine and iodocarbons) that are of importance in the coastal atmosphere. 相似文献
14.
Toxic algal species of marine and brackish-water plankton, as well as nontoxic microalgae, which are capable of initiating harmful blooms, cause a detriment to human health (seafood poisoning) and often lead to a total crisis of coastal water ecosystems. The Russian coastal waters are inhabited by dozens of toxic and bloom-causing algal species, their toxins are accumulated in the tissues of edible mollusks, and there have been incidents of human poisonings and marine fauna mortality due to these blooms. An analysis of the current situation concerning the problem of toxic algae and harmful blooms of nontoxic species in the seas of Russia provides evidence that it is necessary to create a system of compulsory governmental monitoring of the exploited marine areas to serve as the basis of ecological safety control in the exploitation of the biological resources of the Russian Federation, as well to introduce compulsory sanitary control of diarrheic, paralytic, and amnesic phycotoxins. The compiled summary of algal toxic and potentially toxic species met in the European and Far Eastern seas of Russia is given with notes on their toxicity type and its manifestations. 相似文献
15.
我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素问题的研究现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋中的一部分微藻能够产生藻毒素,导致鱼、贝类等养殖动物染毒或死亡,甚至危及人类健康和海洋生态安全。近20年来,随着对有害藻华(Harmful algal bloom, HAB)问题关注程度的不断提高和研究手段的快速发展,对我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素的认识也在不断深入。本文针对常见的几类藻毒素,从贝类中藻毒素污染状况、毒素来源、有毒藻藻华状况等角度,对我国当前相关研究工作进展进行了综述。大量研究表明,麻痹性贝毒毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)和腹泻性贝毒毒素(diarrhetic shellfish toxins, DSTs)在我国近海最为常见,其中,麻痹性贝毒主要由有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)产生,产毒藻种常见于南海海湾、福建沿海、长江口邻近海域、海州湾、北黄海和秦皇岛近海等,中毒事件也时有发生。常见的大田软海绵酸、扇贝毒素等腹泻性贝毒毒素多由鳍藻(Dinophysis spp.)产生,我国近海贝类沾染藻毒素的现象也非常常见。近年来,随着高效液相色谱和质谱技术的发展,在我国近海发现了越来越多的有毒藻和藻毒素。在对文献进行综合分析的基础上,简单探讨了有毒藻与藻毒素对海产品食品安全的影响及风险,以及未来研究发展方向。 相似文献
16.
于2017年4月至6月，沿南黄海35°N断面出现了罕见的绿潮、金潮和赤潮等有害藻华共发现象。本研究通过现场定时定速拖网等方法，对黄海35°N断面不同站位的大型漂浮藻类进行了定量观测，并对赤潮区浮游植物进行了显微镜观察。结果表明：沿35°N断面的漂浮绿藻和马尾藻生物量具有明显的时空变化特征，4月下旬漂浮绿藻和马尾藻开始零星出现，5月下旬生物量和分布范围明显增加，在6月上旬达到最大，随后在6月下旬降低。漂浮绿藻和马尾藻的分布区域存在差异，120°30''—122°30''E为两者共同分布海域，向西以漂浮绿藻为主，向东则以马尾藻为主。分别于5月下旬和6月下旬在黄海35°N断面发现了1次米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）赤潮和1次赤潮异弯藻（Heterosigma akashiwo）赤潮。基于现场获取的水文数据，本文对南黄海海域的环境条件及其对有害藻华分布的影响进行了讨论。沿35°N断面共发的绿潮、金潮和赤潮现象表明黄海海域正面临严峻的海洋生态问题，通过对该海域赤潮、金潮和绿潮的长期观测，可望揭示这些藻华灾害形成机制和演变规律，为针对性地开展有害藻华预报、预警和防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
Detecting massive green algae (Ulva prolifera) blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The historically massive bloom of the green macroalgae Ulva prolifera reported in June?CAugust 2008 around the Qingdao, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and Japan coasts has recurred in a similar season and region. On June 13, 2011, around Qingdao, China, the world??s first Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) detected an enormous bloom of floating green algae, which originated from the nearshore Subei Bank, China. The large floating green algae patches were observed along and across the Yellow Sea and in the East China Sea during 2011 summer by various oceanic cruises. To detect the massive macroalgae blooms from space, we analyzed their spectral characteristics from in situ optical measurements and satellite-derived green algae spectra. An ??Index of floating Green Algae for GOCI?? (IGAG) was developed from the multiple spectral band ratios using three wavelengths (555, 660, 745 nm), which the spectral response of green algae reflected at 555, 745, and 865 nm and absorbed at 660 and 680 nm. The results were compared with those obtained by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and Korea Ocean Satellite Center (KOSC) approaches. An advantage of the IGAG method was that muted or subtle signals of floating green algae were enhanced and separated from surrounding complex water signals. Although maps of floating green algae derived by the other approaches delineated dense green algae, they were less sensitive to subtle (less dense) features and in cases of nearby cloudy or complex water conditions. The floating green algae maps from IGAG provided a more robust estimate of wide floating green algae blooms than those derived using NDVI, EVI, or KOSC approaches. The IGAG approach should be useful for tracing and monitoring changes in green algae blooms on regional and global scales. 相似文献
18.
本研究通过120d的室内培养实验研究了盾形陀螺珊瑚（Turbinaria peltata）、根枝藻（Rhizoclonium sp．）和点斑篮子鱼（Siganus guttatus）之间的相互作用关系．结果显示,高质量浓度的NO3-（5．00～10．00mg／dm3）刺激了丝状绿藻根枝藻在缸内的爆发式生长,在实验27d时根枝藻在缸壁的面积覆盖率达到90．5％,藻丝长度为10～15cm．在海藻的胁迫作用下,盾形陀螺珊瑚的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量（Fv／Fm）均值逐渐从0．712降至0．626,降幅为10．7％～13．5％．放入4尾4～6cm长的点斑篮子鱼后,实验缸壁根枝藻的面积覆盖率在2d内从90．5％下降至10．0％．但解除根枝藻胁迫后盾形陀螺珊瑚的Fv／Fm值并没有明显变化,与对照组的差异也不显著;随着海藻胁迫因子的消除,盾形陀螺珊瑚的Fv／Fm值逐渐升高,并在第120天时恢复至初始状态．本研究结果从珊瑚光合作用效率的角度验证了啃食者的存在确能缓解富营养化对造礁珊瑚的不利影响,为“下行控制假说”提供了新的证据． 相似文献
19.
S.M. Ferreira M.A. Pardal A.I. Lilleb P.G. Cardoso J.C. Marques 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,61(4):669-677
From January 1993 to September 1995, Cyathura carinata was a target species of a monitoring programme carried in the Mondego Estuary (Portugal). Being one of the key species of the intertidal mud flats, this isopod was found to be most abundant in a eutrophic area, where seasonal macroalgal blooms usually occur. Its density decreased towards downstream areas, where some Zostera noltii beds exist. At the Mondego Estuary, the present work stated that C. carinata: (a) had a 2-year life span, even though, 80–90% of the individuals died when 1 year old, revealing a strong post-reproduction mortality; (b) produced a single cohort per year; (c) showed continuous growth (with lower rates during winter); (d) evidenced protogynous hermaphroditism and (e) presented a high growth production and a low turnover ratio. A latitudinal gradient reflected in the life features of C. carinata was described. Except for the life span and the frequency of reproduction, which are generally valid for all populations, C. carinata from the Mondego Estuary fitted the characteristics of other populations from the south of Europe.The effects of macroalgal blooms were assessed. Cyathura carinata seemed to temporarily benefit from the presence of macroalgae, due to higher energy resources and more efficient protection against predators. In a long term, algal blooms had negative consequences. It was particularly evident on the recruitment success, which had repercussions in population abundance, and on the secondary production. Therefore, repeated events of algal blooms embracing the distribution areas of C. carinata represent a threat to this species in eutrophic estuaries. 相似文献
20.
海珍品综合增养殖中的种间关系和生态容纳量的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在长岛县砣矶岛进行海珍品综合增养殖技术研究时，对几种海珍品的种间关系和生态容纳量做了调查与试验。结果发现，大型海藻的着生量与以此为主要饵料的皱纹盘鲍、光棘球海胆等的密度大体平衡。只是海胆密度是鲍密度的10几倍。因此为了提高单位水体的经济效益，应抑制海胆密度的增长。若能使5米以浅水域的海胆密度减其半，则该水域里的鲍产量可以增加到5倍之多。利用筏式养殖扇贝所排放的贝粪、拟粪做为饵料来增殖剌参，可使刺参的资源量增加3倍，即由原来的132．8kg／亩，增至526．4kg／亩。为此在放流苗种的同时，应向泥砂及平板礁等底质投置增殖礁，为鲍和剌参提供更多的栖息场所。 相似文献