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1.
Joanne M. Deely J. Clair Tunnicliff C. Jane Orange Wayne H. L. Edgerley 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):417-427
Abstract Surface sediment samples (60 μm‐2 mm, and < 60 μm fractions) from the Waiwhetu Stream, Lower Hutt City, New Zealand, were leached with dilute HCl to remove the mobile heavy‐metal fraction. Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, and Mn analyses of the leachates show that sediments of the upper reaches area of the stream are generally uncontaminated. In contrast, sediments in the lower reaches area are highly contaminated, despite clean‐up measures in the late 1970s. Lead and Zn are the most significantly enriched metals with concentrations over 1000 mg kg?1 adjacent to some drains. In the polluted zone, metals originate from either upward remobilisation from underlying sediment (contaminated in the early 1960s and 70s) or more recent industrial spillages. Similar trends exhibited by Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, and Al indicate that a proportion of the metal enrichment downstream probably results from a naturally higher clay content of sediments near the mouth of the stream. Fe and Mn show reverse trends to the other metals, indicating that a high proportion of these two metals occurs in substrate different to that of the other metals. The orange brick‐coloured sediments of the upper reaches of the stream indicate oxides upstream; the black sediments in the lower reaches indicate sulphides downstream. 相似文献
2.
九龙江口表层沉积物重金属的污染特征与来源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解九龙江口表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,作者于2013年9月在九龙江口进行了表层沉积物采样调查分析,结果表明：沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的空间分布较为相似,高值区均分布在南溪入海口和海门岛下游海域,Cr含量的高值区也分布在南溪入海口附近。聚类分析将采样点位分为4类：第一类主要分布在河口区外侧,沉积物中油类含量较高;第二类主要分布在南溪出海口,硫化物、Zn和Cr的含量较高;第三类分布在河口区中北部,污染物含量处于中等水平;第四类主要分布在海门岛下游海域,硫化物、TOC、Cu、Pb和Zn含量较高。地质累积系数评价显示：Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As处于未污染到轻度污染水平,Cd为轻度污染到重度污染水平;Zn、Cr、Cd的Igeo指数相对较高,第二类和第四类站位的Igeo指数相对较高。相关分析表明,硫化物与Cu、Zn、Cd正相关性较高,Cu与Zn、Cd、Cr正相关性较高,Pb与Zn、Cd正相关性较高,Zn与Cd、Cr正相关性较高。主成分分析表明,河口沉积物重金属主要有以下几个可能来源：流域和河口的工农业活动和采矿活动、流域水土流失、流域自然风化。针对河口沉积物重金属污染,流域-河口污染控制与生态修复需采取以下措施：工业污染的控制、农业污染控制、养殖污染的控制、植树造林与河岸带绿化和矿山生态恢复。 相似文献
3.
莱州湾滨海湿地沉积物重金属的空间分布 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过研究莱州湾河口区滨海湿地沉积物重金属Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu的含量变化,分析表层沉积物及柱状沉积物,以期了解莱州湾河口区滨海湿地重金属含量的区域性变化,并从柱状沉积物剖面了解沉积物重金属累积的历史变化。研究结果表明,莱州湾河口区与邻近海域沉积物重金属含量在空间分布上与垂直分布上均呈现一定幅度的变化,且高浓度重金属显示区域内重金属呈现污染状况;在沉积物柱状剖面中,发现重金属含量在上层有大幅度增加之现象。另外,利用围隔式生态实验装置研究了该滨海湿地区域污染沉积物中重金属Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu在海水环境中的行为。结果表明,海水中的还原环境能抑制污染沉积物中重金属的释放,有助于体系中原有的重金属清除出水,而低生产力条件下,Pb,Zn表现出释放行为;高生产力和高悬浮物含量条件下,Pb和Zn表现出先释放后迁移,而Cd和Cu则呈现出相反的现象。 相似文献
4.
Heavy metal contamination in coastal and estuarine regions of inner Tolo Harbour, as well as some river and nullah areas, is one of the major water-pollution issues in Hong Kong. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo-larvae was used to study metal uptake from coastal sediments collected from Fo Tan River (industrial area, Sha Tin), Tai Po River (residential area, Tai Po) and Wu Kai Sa (rural area, Tolo Harbour). Exposure experiments (7-days) were carried out using different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 0% as control) of sediments that were added to aquaria containing fertilized zebrafish eggs until they hatched to become larvae. Uptake of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) was determined in whole embryo-larvae following exposure. Significant levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were detected in the embryo-larvae exposed to sediments from Tai Po River. However, significant levels of only Cd and Cu were found in embryo-larvae exposed to sediments from Fo Tan River. 相似文献
5.
海洋沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活力与水体污染的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
厦门西港和香港维多利亚港近岸沉积物中碱笥磷酸酶活力与水体受污染程度的多项指标均表现出一定的相关性，如水体不ＢＯＤ５、无机氮、ＣＯＤ、无机磷等的含量及采样点离陆源排放点的距离等相关性较大，其相关性在水动力条件差的水域尤为显著。 相似文献
6.
为了解辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征及污染程度,文章基于2017年3月辽东湾西北部12个采样站位表层沉积物7种重金属含量(Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、As)的测定,对辽东湾西北部海洋沉积物中的重金属进行了研究。SPSS用于沉积物中重金属含量统计分析并通过地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数的方法评估重金属污染和生态危害的程度。结果显示:(1)辽东湾西北部沉积物重金属含量平均值只有Cd符合海洋沉积物一类标准,变异程度由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Zn、Pb、Cu,汞和镉受人为来源控制最高;(2)地累积指数法评价结果表明重金属元素污染程度由大到小依次为Hg、Cd、Zn、As、Cu、Pb;(3)潜在生态风险指数法评价结果表明,单因子潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr,Hg具有很强的生态风险,综合生态风险指数在233.77~4785.15,平均1224.12,处于很强的生态风险水平。文章揭示了辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征,为该海域的生态环境建设提供依据。 相似文献
7.
东昌湖水体和表层沉积物重金属元素污染评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对东昌湖水体重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb)及表层沉积物中重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Ni、Cd)含量的测定,采用基于国家地表水质量标准(GB3838-2002)评价、水体综合污染评价法对东昌湖水体重金属污染状况进行评价,结果表明,水体重金属元素的含量均达到国家Ⅰ类水质标准,水质良好。同全国主要湖泊的表层沉积物重金属含量进行对比,并采用国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-95)、潜在生态风险指数法以及地累积指数法对东昌湖表层沉积物重金属元素的污染状况进行评价,结果表明:东昌湖表层沉积物主要以Cd污染为主。东昌湖水体和表层沉积物重金属污染状况主要是有关部门对东昌湖的环境治理、东昌湖现有排污情况以及重金属元素自身地球化学特征等几个方面综合作用的结果。 相似文献
8.
海南岛三亚港现代沉积速率的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对１９８８年所采集的海南岛三亚港６个沉积柱样作了沉积结构及＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性分析。结果表明，三亚港潮汐通道及航道上，沉积物主要为细颗粒的粉砂、粘土，沉积速率为０．９１－１．２４ｃｍ／ａ，近年来砂质物的输入，反映了疏浚等人类活动对该区的影响；外港浅滩砂洲区的沉积速率小于０．４ｃｍ／ａ；潮汐通道中过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ总量亦明显大于港口的其它区域。 相似文献
9.
分析了东寨港海水、表层沉积物和生物体中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、类金属As的含量及分布特征,并运用单因子指数法、地积累指数法评价了该调查区重金属污染程度。结果表明：东寨港海水中除Pb的含量符合二类海水标准外,其余含量均符合一类海水标准,且远低于渔业水质标准限值;表层沉积物中典型重金属元素含量都符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准,基本属于无污染区;本区湿地沉积物中的重金属含量比岛内及周边区典型红树林湿地略偏高;红树林及暗滩沉积物中重金属比东寨港水底沉积物重金属含量高,表明河口湾潮滩上的红树林区可能是重金属元素的富集区,东寨港目前可能受到了陆源污染的影响;生物体中重金属含量均符合一类标准,符合无公害水产品的要求。 相似文献
10.
天津永定新河口海区海底表层沉积物的污染 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
天津滨海分布着广泛的淤泥质海岸。这些淤泥质海岸因附近河流携带大量污染物入海而不同程度地受到了污染。以天津永定新河入海口附近浅海区海底表层沉积物为对象,研究了海底表层沉积物中硫化物、有机碳、石油类、重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg)和总铬的含量及其分布规律。利用单项标准指数法对沉积物的污染状况进行了分析。结果表明,沉积物中硫化物污染十分严重,总铬污染较严重,重金属污染轻微,没有有机碳和石油类污染。它们对沉积物污染程度的顺序为硫化物>总铬>Cu>Pb>有机碳>Hg>Cd>Pb>石油类。调查区污染物来源主要是通过永定新河输入的。 相似文献
11.
SUN Weiping YU Jianjun XU Xiaoqun ZHANG Weiyan LIU Ruijuan PAN Jianming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(4):101-107
Heavy metals in the surface sediments and sediment core from the Xiangshan Bay, a mariculture base on the coast of the East China Sea, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP–MS) in order to evaluate their levels and sources. The results showed that the levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr in the sediments of the bay have been generally influenced by anthropogenic inputs since the founding of the People's Republic of China. In particular, Cu and Zn were polluted to some extent, as evidenced by high enrichment factors. Organic matter, grain size, wastewater discharge, and low energy hydrodynamic environment played dominant roles in the heavy metal enrichment in the sediments. The ratio of terrigenous source to marine biogenic deposit of trace metals in the sediments was calculated, revealing that terrigenous inputs were the main source of Cu, Pb, and Zn, while biological pellets contributed much more to the enrichment of Cr and Cd. Considering the influence of biological sources on the enrichment of Cd and Cr, and the fact that the sediment has been polluted by Cu and Zn, the development of mariculture and discharge of wastewater into the Bay should be restricted. 相似文献
12.
辽东湾北部海域沉积物重金属环境质量和污染演化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
基于取自辽东湾北部海域表层沉积物和岩心样品,利用XRF等方法对沉积物中的重金属含量进行系统的测定,结合137 Cs、210Pb年代测定,分析了研究区表层沉积物中重金属分布特征、环境质量状态以及重金属污染历史。结果表明:辽东湾表层沉积物重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg含量高值区主要分布在葫芦岛附近海域,并且呈现由近岸向远岸递减的趋势;辽东湾海域部分站位表层沉积物已经受到重金属污染,轻度和重度污染率为34.5%,清洁率为65.5%,重度污染站位集中在葫芦岛附近海域;辽东湾沉积物中重金属污染大致出现在1975年,于1997年达到最大,随后,重金属污染开始明显减少。辽东湾沉积物中重金属分布及演化特征与沿海社会经济发展和国家环境保护政策有着密切的联系。 相似文献
13.
This work reveals the usefulness of the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) mapping techniques to show the distribution of pollutants along an estuarine environment, as the final stage of a thorough study. In the case of study, the environmental quality of the sediments in the Guadiana river estuary was determined by means of a complete geochemical characterization consisting on the calculation of enrichment factors for the most important metals and metalloids (compared with the local background of non-contaminated sediments). The obtained results were depicted in “enrichment distribution maps” which evidenced a distribution of the elements in two groups: Group-I, elements with natural origin (Al, Fe, Mn, Co, and Cr) distributed homogeneously along the basin, and Group-II, elements associated to anthropic origin (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) with clear punctual sources besides a high concentration all over the estuary. The enrichment factors for the elements of Group-II are indicative of the existence of a noticeable diffuse historical mining pollution associated with the acid mine drainage generated in the internal zones of the basin, which could overlap minor pollution inputs from other human activities. The obtained results lead us to a reconsideration of the traditionally thought “unpolluted” environment when it was compared to nearby estuaries. 相似文献
14.
Jianxiu Wang Yansheng Deng Dongsheng Song Wuji Liu Mingzhi Hu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(5):603-616
Large-scale reclamation projects have been developing rapidly in China’s coastal lands since 2000. In this study, the scale and pollutant contents of reclaimed lands were collected from published data and field surveys. Over 80% of the gross area was formed using hydraulic reclaimed technology. The pollution index, geoaccumulation index, and Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) of 13 pollutant types were calculated based on the collected data. The potential pollution within major newly reclaimed lands was evaluated with valid pollutant data from sediments of the neighboring water. All reclaimed lands larger than 30?km2 were slightly to seriously polluted with Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, As, and Ni according to NIPI. The reclaimed fields in Hengsha Island, Binhai Tower, and Lingang New City of Shanghai were selected as verification sites for the pollution evaluations. The Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, and Ni concentrations in dredged soils determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed a generally good soil quality within the typical reclaimed fields. Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses indicated that the relatively high As content in the reclaimed soils was due to the internal pollutants of dredging fills and originated from anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
15.
Sediment cores from the harbour and the coastal zone of Mytilene, island of Lesvos, Greece, were used to study the metal contamination caused by the discharge of untreated urban effluents into the sea. In the harbour. the upper layers were highly enriched in Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, while no metal enrichment was recorded in the cores from the wider coastal zone. The metal data were normalized to Li (conservative element) to compensate for the natural textural and mineralogical variability. It was found that only the upper 18 cm of the core collected from the harbour of Mytilene could be reported as metal contaminated. Also, through the normalization procedure, it was found that the surface layers of coastal sediments assumed 'clean' were enriched in Pb, probably as a result of atmospheric transportation of the metal from the nearby town. 相似文献
16.
Environmental status of Daya Bay surface sediments inferred from a sequential extraction technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xuelu Gao Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Gang Wang Qinzhao Xue Cheng Tang Shaoyong Chen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010,86(3):369-378
The chemical partitioning of 12 trace metals (Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sc, Sr, U, Zn) in 9 surface sediments from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, was studied by a four-step sequential extraction technique to assess their environmental/pollution status. The studied metals take on different fraction composition patterns, and some of them show significant spatial variation especially for Cd. A majority of the studied metals can be considered immobile because of their high percentages in the residual fraction. It seems that the Daya Bay surface sediments have not yet been polluted by the studied heavy metals which are used as parameters to classify marine sediment quality, i.e., Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. For all metals except for Pb, the extent of anthropogenic influences on their total concentrations in the Daya Bay surface sediments is generally imperceptible. The metals’ potential risks to the environment were assessed, and the results showed that they have generally no risk or low risk except for Cd, Mn and Sr. 相似文献
17.
长江水下三角洲沉积物柱状样重金属垂向分布特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对长江水下三角洲3个沉积物柱状样进行粒度分析、210Pb测年,并测定其中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素和Al等常量元素的含量,得到了沉积物粒度、粘土含量、重金属含量的垂向分布曲线和沉积物测年数据。通过相关分析来研究沉积物中的Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属、粒度、Al相互之间的关系;以Al为参照元素对这4种重金属进行归一化处理,分析其归一化前后的垂向分布特征。结果表明,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种重金属元素在此区域的地球化学行为相似,其分布受细颗粒沉积物的吸附和胶体的絮凝作用共同控制;近一二十年来,该区域的Cr、Cu、Pb含量并没有显著增加,Zn有轻微污染。此外,CJ19柱中Cu存在异常峰值,可能是特大风暴潮事件对研究区浅水区底质沉积物中重金属的分布造成的影响。 相似文献
18.
根据2000—2007年深圳近海海域表层沉积物的基础监测资料, 采用地累积指数和潜在生态危害指数两种评价方法, 对该区域沉积物中重金属的污染状况进行了分析和研究。结果表明, 深圳近海海域沉积环境在一定程度上已受到了重金属的污染, 除固戍近海外, 大部分海域基本上为II类沉积物, 其污染程度大小顺序为: 固戍近海＞深圳湾中＞深圳湾口＞沙头角湾口。其中沉积物中Cu和Zn超标严重, 固戍近海沉积物中Cu和Zn平均含量分别为128.96mg.kg-1和199.40mg.kg-1, 为III类沉积物。研究还表明, 深圳近海海域基本上不存在重金属潜在的生态危害, 7种重金属潜在的生态危害大小顺序为: Hg＞Cd＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn。 相似文献
19.
辽东湾表层沉积物的重金属污染特征与质量评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布及污染特征,评价其生态风险及环境质量。对辽东湾表层沉积物8种重金属（As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的空间分布进行了研究,采用Hankanson法和Igeo（地累积指数）分析了该海域重金属潜在生态风险,并评价了该海域的环境质量。在辽东湾葫芦岛附近海域、西南部六股河口东南部海域以及西部近岸海域表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量偏高。地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致,辽东湾生态环境具有潜在危害的重金属主要是Cd、Hg和As,8种重金属潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni和Cr,各站位重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均大于150,生态风险总体上处于中等生态风险等级。Cd和Hg是该海域沉积物重金属中主要污染物,局部区域达到中、中-强污染程度。环境质量评价表明,辽东湾表层沉积物重金属引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,但Cd和Hg显著富集,应予以重视。 相似文献
20.
连云港西大堤海域水环境污染特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
连云港拦海西大堤建成已20余年,为得到近几年来本海域水环境中重金属和有机污染物的污染特征,作者于2011年6月对海州湾西大堤海域进行现场调查,根据海洋监测规范对采集水样的DO、COD、石油、重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)、活性磷酸盐、无机氮9个化学指标进行测定,并对水质现状进行评价。同时,本研究测定了连云港海州湾西大堤近岸表层沉积物中多种重金属和有机质的含量,利用因子分析法研究了沉积物中重金属的污染来源。结果表明:海州湾西大堤海域海水中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的平均质量浓度皆未超出国家二类海水水质标准,石油类和无机氮类污染物为本海域海水中的首要污染物,有机物污染呈现加重的趋势。表层沉积物中重金属Zn、Cd、As的富集指数大于3,属于重污染级别。根据数理统计,发现前3个主成分的贡献率分别为44.09%、27.61%、13.44%,表明沉积物重金属主要有3个来源:工业和生活污水排放、港口煤渣倾倒、海陆交通排污。 相似文献