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1.
CLM4.0模式对中国区域土壤湿度的数值模拟及评估研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
本文利用普林斯顿大学全球大气强迫场资料,驱动公用陆面过程模式（Community Land Model version 4.0,CLM4.0）模拟了中国区域1961～2010年土壤湿度的时空变化。将模拟结果与观测结果、美国国家环境预报中心再分析数据（National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis,NCEP）和高级微波扫描辐射计（Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS,AMSR-E）反演的土壤湿度进行了对比分析,结果表明CLM4.0模拟结果可以反映出中国区域观测土壤湿度的空间分布和时空变化特征,但东北、江淮和河套三个地区模拟值相对于观测值在各层次均系统性偏大。模拟与NCEP再分析土壤湿度的空间分布基本一致,与AMSR-E的反演值在35°N以北的分布也基本一致;从1961～2010年土壤湿度模拟结果分析得出,各层土壤湿度空间分布从西北向东南增加。低值区主要分布在新疆、青海、甘肃和内蒙古西部地区。东北平原、江淮地区和长江流域为高值区。土壤湿度数值总体上从浅层向深层增加。不同深度土壤湿度变化趋势基本相同。除新疆西部和东北部分地区外,土壤湿度在35°N以北以减少趋势为主,30°N以南的长江流域、华南及西南地区以增加为主。在全球气候变暖的背景下,CLM4.0模拟的夏季土壤湿度在不同程度上响应了降水的变化。中国典型干旱区和半干旱区土壤湿度减小,湿润区增加。其中湿润区土壤湿度对降水的响应最为显著,其次是半干旱区和干旱区。 相似文献
2.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用WRF V3模式和不同的陆面参数化方案(SLAB、NOAH、RUC、PLEX)对中国2003年夏季气温和降水进行数值模拟试验,评估其对陆面方案的敏感性,并着重分析在干旱、半干旱的西北地区以及湿润的华东地区不同陆面方案对气温和降水模拟的影响。结果表明:1)模式整体上能较好地模拟出总区域的气温场和降水场,但不同陆面方案间模拟结果存在一些差异,其中NOAH(SLAB)方案模拟结果最好(最差)。2)对子区域而言,模拟气温和降水对陆面方案均较为敏感。受气候特征的影响,华东地区气温和降水模拟对陆面方案的敏感性存在较大的差异,其中降水模拟的敏感性很高。此外,模拟的气温和降水空间分布形势在西北地区均较好,但其对陆面方案的敏感性在华东地区较高。3)模拟降水对陆面方案的敏感性要高于气温模拟。 相似文献
3.
《高原气象》2015,(4)
通过陆面模式模拟得到的陆面参数精度易受强迫数据质量的影响,为了提高基于NCEP/NCAR的强迫数据精度,提出了一种新的强迫数据构造方法。该方法以静止气象卫星FY-2的反演产品——逐时降水估计和地面入射太阳辐射数据为基础,结合部分NCEP/NCAR再分析数据构造用于陆面模式模拟的高时空分辨率强迫数据(FYDATA),进一步利用陆面模式CLM3.0模拟得到较高精度的时空间连续的土壤湿度数据。与站点观测数据的比较表明,FYDATA的模拟结果在空间分布和时间变率上与观测数据均较为一致;与再分析数据的模拟结果比较表明,无论是月平均的站点尺度还是区域尺度,FYDATA的模拟结果都优于时空分辨率较粗的NCEP/NCAR再分析数据的模拟结果,充分说明该数据构造方法的有效性。 相似文献
4.
利用国家气象信息中心提供的"中国农业气象土壤水分数据集(1981-2010年)(V1.0)"中150个农业气象站的土壤湿度观测资料,对2001-2010年CFSR、ERA-Interim、NCEP R-1和NCEP R-2四套再分析土壤湿度资料在中国区域的适用性进行了比较与评估。结果表明:(1)从空间分布来看,四套再分析资料都可以正确描述出中国区域土壤湿度的分布特征,但是NCEP R-1对于青藏高原土壤湿度的模拟存在一定的问题;(2)从时间变化来看,CFSR再分析资料能够较好地描述了土壤湿度的时间变化,而NCEP R-2再分析资料表现得较差;(3)从土壤湿度的季节循环看,在表层,CFSR和ERA-Interim再分析资料模拟地比较好,而NCEP R-1和NCEP R-2再分析资料出现了高估现象;而在深层,除NCEP R-1外,其他三种再分析资料都可以较好地模拟出土壤湿度的季节循环。 相似文献
5.
《高原气象》2017,(1)
利用1961-2010年普林斯顿大学每3 h一次、1°×1°的大气强迫场数据驱动公用陆面模式CLM4.0(Common Land Model,version4.0)对黄河源区土壤湿度的时空分布进行了模拟试验,合理优化了CLM 4.0中土壤有机质和土壤质地属性参数,将模拟结果与荷兰自由大学AM SR-E土壤湿度产品进行了对比分析,并利用玛曲土壤湿度观测站点的观测数据对模拟结果进行了验证。结果表明,CLM4.0模式能较好的模拟黄河源区土壤湿度的空间分布及变化趋势,在优化陆面有机质和土壤质地数据参数后,模拟的土壤湿度空间分布更合理,但CLM4.0模拟的土壤湿度比地面观测值和AMSR-E土壤湿度产品的土壤湿度偏低。 相似文献
6.
研究利用实测数据对遥感产品(ECV CCI)、全球陆面同化系统产品(GLDAS/CLM、NOAH2.7、NOAH3.3、VIC、MOSAIC)、再分析资料(ERA-Interim、NCEP/DOE)等不同来源的8套长时间序列土壤湿度产品进行时空比较。结果表明:上述产品均可以模拟出中国不同区域土壤湿度的空间分布;从各产品平均态与实测数据的偏差、均方根误差、相关系数统计结果来看,NOAH模式和ERA-Interim表现最好,MOSAIC和NCEP/DOE与实测相差较大;从区域尺度上来看,所有产品在东北区域表现最好,在华南、西南南区和西北西区较差;ERA-Interim有效的模拟了土壤湿度的年际变化。 相似文献
7.
为了分析WRFV3.3.1模式中土壤湿度初值对降水模拟的影响,在4个陆面方案的分析对比基础上,采用中国区域土壤湿度同化系统（CLSMDAS）输出的土壤湿度替换模式初始场中的土壤湿度,对2010年6月19日江西出现的一次强降水过程进行模拟,分析改进后的土壤湿度初值对模式模拟降水的影响。结果表明,耦合Noah方案的模拟结果要优于SLAB、RUC、PX方案;通过对比试验发现CLSMDAS输出的土壤湿度初始条件下的模拟结果比NCEP资料的模拟结果更接近于实况,能够很好地模拟出24 h累积降水的范围与强度,对应地表能量的响应也更为明显,表现出很好的区域波动性,能够捕捉到细节降水信息,且统计检验结果中各量级降水的TS评分基本都要高于NCEP土壤湿度初值条件下的结果,空报率、漏报率和预报偏差进一步减小,说明准确的土壤湿度初值能够提高模式的模拟预报能力。 相似文献
8.
《高原气象》2017,(3)
利用青藏高原东北部地区阿柔冻融观测站2013年5月至2014年11月观测资料,对通用陆面过程模式(CLM4.0)和动态陆面过程模式(DLM)青藏高原高寒地区土壤湿度模拟性能进行了评估。结果显示两种模式均能够较好的反映浅层(40 cm)土壤湿度动态变化,然而显著低估非冻结期土壤湿度;通过土壤有机质含量对土壤湿度模拟敏感性分析发现模式模拟土壤湿度偏干可能与模式中土壤有机质方案不足有关。在此基础上改进DLM模式土壤有机质和冻土液态水渗透方案,实验结果表明新参数化方案显著提高了高寒、高有机质含量地区模式土壤湿度模拟,平均偏差(BIAS)、均方根误差(RMSE),均方差(MSE)和相关系数(R)分别达到0.032 m~3·m~(-3),0.078 m~3·m~(-3),0.010 m~3·m~(-3)和0.866。 相似文献
9.
本文利用1981～2016年的CRUNCEP资料（0.5°×0.5°）作为大气驱动数据,驱动CLM4.5（Community Land Model version 4.5）模式模拟了青藏高原地区1981～2016 年的土壤湿度时空变化。将模拟数据与台站观测资料、再分析资料（ERA-Interim和GLDAS-CLM）和微波遥感FY-3B/MWRI土壤湿度资料对比验证,表明了CLM4.5模拟资料可以合理再现青藏高原地区土壤湿度的空间分布和长期变化趋势。而且基于多种卫星遥感资料建立的较高分辨率（0.1°×0.1°）的青藏高原地表数据更加细致地刻画了土壤湿度的空间变化。对比结果表明:CLM4.5模拟土壤湿度与各个台站观测的时空变化一致,各层土壤湿度的模拟和观测均显著相关,且对浅层的模拟优于深层,但模拟结果比台站观测系统性偏大。模拟与再分析资料和微波遥感资料土壤湿度的空间分布具有一致性,均表现为从青藏高原的西北部向东南部逐渐增加的分布特点,三江源湿地和高原东南部为土壤湿度的高值区,柴达木盆地和新疆塔里木盆地的沙漠地区为低值区,土壤湿度由浅层向深层增加。土壤湿度的长期变化趋势基本表现为“变干—变湿”相间的带状分布,不同层次的土壤湿度变化趋势基本一致。模拟资料也合理地再现了夏季土壤湿度逐月的变化:高原西南地区的土壤湿度明显大范围增加,北部的柴达木盆地的干旱范围也明显的向北收缩,高原南部外围土壤湿度也明显增加,CLM4.5模拟土壤湿度比再分析资料和微波遥感资料更加细致地描述了夏季逐月土壤湿度空间分布及其变化特征。 相似文献
10.
新一代格点大气环流模式与陆面生态模式AVIM的耦合研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
将陆面生态模式AVIM(Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model)的物理模块(PHY-AVIM)耦合到中国科学院大气物理研究所新一代格点大气环流模式GAMIL(Grid-point Atmospheric Model)中,替换GAMIL中的陆面模式BATS.对两种方案GAMIL+BATS(旧版本)和GAMIL+(PHY-AVIM)(新版本),分别独立进行11年积分,取后10年的积分结果进行分析.结果发现:新版本明显改进冬、夏季陆地表面的感热、潜热场通量,尤其在夏季,非洲大陆的中北部、欧亚大陆、北美中部以及南美北部等地区,新版本的感热场模拟值均比旧版本低,更接近NCEP再分析资料的结果;同样,对于地表面温度场,新版本在夏季明显地减弱了旧版本在大陆上的的暖偏差,模拟的结果更合理;新版本对冬、夏季的海平面气压场、降水场也有一定的改进,但改进不是很明显.以上的所有改进主要是由于AVIM引入了更细致的陆面物理过程参数化方案,以及使用了分辨率(0.5°×0.5°)更高的陆地植被分类资料. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
19.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献