共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
在阐述通化地区岩溶洞穴特征的基础上，探讨了该区岩溶洞穴的形成与遗存环境，为北方岩溶水资源评价方法的选择提供了依据。 相似文献
2.
我国北方岩溶区,由于地面洞穴、洞穴堆积物和生物化石较少,因而岩溶作用的时代问题研究程度较低,至今还不能提出一个内容较完整、依据较充分的岩溶作用分期方案。作者为推进这一问题的解决,在本文中着重论述了有关北方岩溶作用时代的研究方法、初步的分期和分期意义三方面的问题。关于岩溶作用时代的研究方法,文章着重讨论了 相似文献
3.
《古地理学报》2017,(2)
塔河油田岩溶峡谷区发育大型岩溶洞穴型储集层,勘探效果较好。基于三维地震资料、钻井资料,并结合地震属性提取技术,对地下岩溶洞穴系统、古地貌、古水文系统进行精细刻画,探讨洞穴形成机理,进而总结洞穴发育模式。研究结果表明:(1)峡谷上游段地表水垂向侵蚀作用强烈,峡谷失去了排水功能演变为干谷,下游段水动力条件减弱。(2)峡谷区岩溶洞穴类型划分为暗河洞穴、峡谷—断裂双控型洞穴。暗河洞穴主要发育在峡谷上游段,与峡谷呈"映射"关系。峡谷—断裂双控洞穴发育于峡谷两侧,垂向上具有多层性特征。(3)综上探讨峡谷区岩溶洞穴形成机理,认为较充足的水源补给条件以及水流强烈的垂向侵蚀溶蚀作用控制了暗河洞穴发育,多期次排泄基面下降以及断裂系统共同控制峡谷—断裂双控洞穴的发育。结合现代恩施地区洞穴系统特征,提出了峡谷地区洞穴发育模式,为下一步洞穴储集层预测和勘探实践提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
4.
5.
塔河油田岩溶峡谷区发育大型岩溶洞穴型储集层,勘探效果较好。基于三维地震资料、钻井资料,并结合地震属性提取技术,对地下岩溶洞穴系统、古地貌、古水文系统进行精细刻画,探讨洞穴形成机理,进而总结洞穴发育模式。研究结果表明: (1)峡谷上游段地表水垂向侵蚀作用强烈,峡谷失去了排水功能演变为干谷,下游段水动力条件减弱。(2)峡谷区岩溶洞穴类型划分为暗河洞穴、峡谷—断裂双控型洞穴。暗河洞穴主要发育在峡谷上游段,与峡谷呈“映射”关系。峡谷—断裂双控洞穴发育于峡谷两侧,垂向上具有多层性特征。(3)综上探讨峡谷区岩溶洞穴形成机理,认为较充足的水源补给条件以及水流强烈的垂向侵蚀溶蚀作用控制了暗河洞穴发育,多期次排泄基面下降以及断裂系统共同控制峡谷—断裂双控洞穴的发育。结合现代恩施地区洞穴系统特征,提出了峡谷地区洞穴发育模式,为下一步洞穴储集层预测和勘探实践提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
6.
海平面周期性升降变化与岩溶洞穴层序次关系探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
层序地层学理论为全球或跨地区的等时地层对比提供了理论和技术方法,它对洞穴层的跨地区对比及序次分析同样适用。从洞穴层的发育期总是与水平面稳定期对应关系出发,通过水平面周期性升降变化与岩溶洞穴层序次关系研究,探索层序地层学与岩溶学交叉学科研究领域中的一些基本问题。认为同一个水平面稳定期发育的所有水平洞穴可形成一个跨地区对比的洞穴层,岩溶旋回应包括侵蚀基准面上升和下降两种旋回,在海平面的间歇性上升(或下降)过程中可以发育多个水平洞穴层及下老上新(或上老下新)的洞穴层序列。在总结前人研究成果及美国YATE油田、四川峨眉山剖面、塔河油田实例分析基础上,概括了3种受海平面间歇性上升(或下降)变化控制的洞穴层序次模式,包括层序地层内部同生期岩溶形成的下老上新的洞穴层序次,以及碳酸盐岩陆块近地表风华壳岩溶形成的上老下新和下老上新的洞穴层序列。利用塔河油田早海西期古岩溶地质条件、洞穴充填结构等直接和间接证据,求证该洞穴系统的洞穴层序次,指出该特大洞穴系统为晚泥盆-早石炭世海平面间歇性上升过程中形成的下老上新的洞穴层序列,并由此推测塔里木盆地早海西期大规模岩溶的时代。指出利用水平洞穴层同时期形成的沉积地层等地质体可以确定洞穴层的形成年代,预测洞穴的发育分布。 相似文献
7.
在现代岩溶地质考察中,岩溶区因多期次幕式构造抬升运动而形成多级岩溶台面,每级岩溶台面的排泄基准面(潜水面)控制一期洞穴发育。塔河油田海西早期形成了复杂的碳酸盐岩岩溶洞穴系统,纵向上呈现多层性特征,是油气勘探的重点。因此,为了深入认识和阐述洞穴层发育机制,以现代岩溶理论为指导,基于三维地震资料,采用水系汇流点法、侵蚀阶地法、上超终止法并结合地貌特征,对塔河油田主体区海西早期岩溶台面进行划分,并在岩溶台面约束下进行洞穴层对比。研究结果表明:(1)塔河油田主体区发育4级岩溶台面。岩溶台面1形成时代最早,台面3面积最大。(2)主要发育3套洞穴层,具有明显的层状分布特征,台面3的洞穴层规模最大。3套洞穴层在垂向上并不构成大范围重叠,仅台面3控制的洞穴溯源侵蚀穿越台面向上游发育,说明洞穴层形成时的构造稳定期长。其他台面洞穴层并未穿跨台面发育,说明洞穴层形成时的构造稳定期短,潜水面控制下洞穴溯源侵蚀范围比较有限。 相似文献
8.
9.
轮古西奥陶系潜山洞穴型岩溶储层发育特征与充填规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
洞穴型岩溶储层是塔里木盆地轮古油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的主要储集空间类型,多数高效井均钻遇大型洞穴型岩溶储层。依据轮古西奥陶系潜山大量单井资料分析,洞穴型岩溶储层可分为充填洞穴、半充填洞穴和未充填洞穴三种类型。结合古地貌精细刻画与岩溶垂向分带成果,认为古地貌位置由岩溶台地向岩溶缓坡和岩溶盆地逐渐降低,而洞穴发育和充填程度在逐渐增高。未充填与半充填洞穴主要发育在岩溶台地和岩溶缓坡的溶峰边坡、溶丘边坡及沟槽谷洼地边坡等地貌单元。表层岩溶带、径流溶蚀带洞穴型岩溶储层发育频率最高,其次为垂直渗滤带和潜流溶蚀带。未充填与半充填洞穴型岩溶储层主要发育在表层岩溶带。 相似文献
10.
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
17.
18.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献