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1.
普光气田长兴组白云岩地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
普光气田区长兴组白云岩的矿物组成与地球化学特征研究表明,自东南向西北方向,由普光8井至普光5井至普光6井,长兴组白云岩白云石颗粒的结晶程度和有序度总体上逐渐变高,其Fe、Mn、AI、K、Na、Sr含量及Mg^2＋／Ca^2＋比值总体呈降低的趋势;而氧同位素值逐渐降低,碳同位素值略增高,两者具负相关关系,这反映出白云石化作用与混合水无关;普光6井结晶白云岩87Sr／86Sr比值高于晚二叠世末古海水,说明白云石化流体并非长兴期古海水。研究认为长兴组泥-微晶白云岩由长兴期蒸发浓缩形成的高镁卤水交代灰泥丘而形成,属准同生白云石化作用成因,为非-差储层;结晶白云岩及碎裂化白云岩的白云石化流体应来自二叠纪高盐度海源地层水。属埋藏成因,可为优质储层。 相似文献
2.
川东兴隆场地区长兴组白云岩地球化学特征及流体来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地东部长兴组—飞仙关组礁滩相储层为重要的天然气勘探目的层,优质储层的岩性多为白云岩,且主要分布于开江-梁平陆棚的东西两侧。川东兴隆场地区位于开江-梁平陆棚西侧有利相带的东南端,长兴组白云岩层段为该区主力产气层,且白云岩主要分布在台地边缘礁滩相等易于发生暴露的高能沉积相带。明确了白云岩宏观分布的控制因素,以岩石结构及Mg/Ca值和有序度为基础,结合岩石地球化学特征,对川东兴隆场地区上二叠统长兴组白云岩成因进行分析。研究结果表明兴隆场地区长兴组白云岩是在埋藏条件下,同层位的泥晶灰岩及泥灰岩中封存的浓缩海水通过压实作用排挤进入碳酸盐沉积物交代灰岩形成的。有如下证据:①飞仙关组沿缝合线发育的自形白云石化学组成(CaO含量均值30.94%,MgO含量均值20.76%)与长兴组白云石化学组成(CaO含量均值30.51%,MgO含量均值21.28%)相近,表明二者成因及白云化流体具有相似性,推断压实流体可能为长兴组白云岩白云化流体;②长兴组白云岩δ13C介于1‰～2.5‰之间,δ18O介于-6‰～-4‰之间,分布在同期古海水的δ13C(0～5.8‰)、δ18O(-7.5‰～-3.5‰)变化范围内,并与全球典型埋藏白云岩δ13C、δ18O分布区间一致,说明白云化流体具有同期海水性质,且形成于埋藏成岩环境中;③长兴组白云岩的87Sr/86Sr值(0.707108～0.707507)覆盖在了川东北晚二叠世海水Sr同位素(0.706620～0.707742)的变化范围内,证明白云化流体来源于同期海水;④长兴组白云岩稀土元素表现为LREE亏损、HREE富集的海水稀土元素特征,表明白云化流体具有海源流体的性质;⑤长兴组碳酸盐岩Fe含量均较低(<2000×10-6),但长兴组白云岩相对于灰岩具有较高的Mn含量(69×10-6～90×10-6,均值为76×10-6)和较强的阴极发光性,反映了白云岩形成于埋藏的还原环境中。 相似文献
3.
川东北地区长兴组白云岩储层的成因研究 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28
以岩石结构与白云石Mg/Ca比值和有序度分析为基础,结合Sr,Fe,Mn微量元素和C,O,Sr同位素地球化学特征,对川东北地区上二叠统长兴组白云岩成因进行研究,结果表明长兴组白云岩有准同生白云岩和埋藏白云岩两种成因类型,储层只是埋藏白云岩化作用的产物,其形成过程可划分为早、中、晚3个成岩阶段,各成岩阶段埋藏白云岩化流体都来自于上覆地层飞仙关组的高盐度海源地层水,证据包括如下几个方面:①埋藏白云岩的岩石学特征明显地有别于准同生白云岩;②长兴组各类白云岩的Sr,Fe,Mn微量元素特征表明埋藏白云岩作用发生在无大气水影响的封闭体系中;③白云岩的C,O同位素组成特征符合埋藏白云岩的δ13C和δ18O分布区间;④长兴组与飞仙关组埋藏白云岩的Sr,Fe,Mn微量元素和Sr同位素地球化学特征基本一致。 相似文献
4.
针对塔北上寒武统下丘里塔格群复杂的白云石化作用,通过岩石学和地球化学分析认为下丘里塔格群埋藏后主要经历3期白云石化流体作用：早期浅埋藏环境下高浓度卤水在台缘带的迁移促进了渗透回流白云石化作用发生,形成残余颗粒幻影结构的粉晶白云岩,具有碳氧同位素负偏和微量元素Fe、Mn、Sr、Ba元素质量分数较低的特征;第二期流体主要为地层孔隙残余高盐度海水,在埋藏压实作用下白云岩发生重结晶作用,晶粒结构广泛发育,具有同位素碳正氧负和微量元素呈现富Mn贫Fe及低Sr高Ba的特征,该时期是晶间孔和晶间溶孔发育的主要时期;第三期流体主要为沿基底断裂上涌的高温富镁热液流体,发育构造-热液白云石化作用形成大量鞍状白云石,具有富Mn贫Fe和氧同位素负偏明显等特征。 相似文献
5.
四川盆地开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组礁白云岩沉积-成岩-成藏系统 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长兴组礁白云岩是川东北地区最重要的天然气储层类型之一。通过对开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组礁白云岩岩石组构、成岩演化序列、铁锰锶微量元素、碳氧锶稳定同位素、流体包裹体、油气性质及来源综合研究,认为古地貌格局控制了开江-梁平台棚东侧不同类型台缘生物礁的展布,古海平面的"升降"控制了生物礁形态及规模,台缘礁坪/礁盖滩微相及部分毗邻发育的骨架礁相带控制了优质储层发育位置和空间展布规律;可将长兴组白云岩划分为准同生白云岩和埋藏白云岩两种成因类型,优质的礁、滩相白云岩储层仅与多期次埋藏白云石化作用有关,推测成岩流体主要来源于封存地层中的早-中三叠世蒸发岩溶解产生的具低Mn含量、较低Fe含量、高Sr含量、较高δ~(13)C值、较高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值特点的高盐度埋藏循环海源孔隙水,并有长兴期同生卤水和深部有机酸热液混入;按水文体制,将长兴组白云岩成岩系统划分为4类,分别为海源同生卤水、封存卤水、混源热卤水和深源混合热卤水成岩系统,认为混源热卤水成岩系统埋藏白云石化和溶蚀作用是提高储层质量的关键;论证了开江-梁平台棚东侧长兴组存在同一流体输导体系控制的埋藏白云石化作用与油气充注成藏的统一"成岩-成藏"系统,揭示了长兴组白云岩沉积-成岩-成藏耦合关系,为该地区下一步天然气勘探目标优选提供地质依据。 相似文献
6.
川中磨溪—高石梯地区栖霞组发育滩相白云岩,目前对滩相中差异白云石化机理不明确,导致难以预测优质白云岩储层的分布。在岩石学和地层特征研究基础上,通过分析不同类型白云岩的微量元素及碳、氧、锶同位素特征,结合颗粒滩类型和构造背景,系统研究了该区不同类型白云岩的成因机理及模式。结果显示:研究区栖霞组白云岩中白云石以细晶为主,中晶和粗晶次之,晶形多为半自形—自形。白云岩具有明显的残余颗粒结构,表明原始岩性为颗粒灰岩。细晶、细—中晶白云岩的阴极发光整体较暗,呈暗红色至红色,稀土元素配分模式与同期灰岩相似,白云岩的87Sr/86Sr比值大部分落于二叠纪海水的87Sr/86Sr比值范围之内,表明白云岩的成岩流体与海水沉积的灰岩具有同源性。白云岩的δ13C值（3.73‰~4.19‰）与同期灰岩δ13C值（3.61‰~4.93‰）相近,表明白云岩与灰岩具有一致的碳源。从灰岩到白云岩,Sr含量明显减少且Mn含量有所增加,说明灰岩经过一定的成岩作用被交代形成白云岩,该类白云岩为埋藏条件下地层中富Mg2+的流体交代孔隙型颗粒灰岩而成;中—粗晶白云岩的阴极发光呈红色,具明显环带特征,且具有高的Mn含量、低Sr/Ba比值及铕的正异常,87Sr/86Sr比值高于同期海水值,δ18O值在-8.06‰~-8.52‰,为颗粒灰岩在埋藏期受持续、充足的云化流体供给而成,较高的包裹体均一温度和δ18O值明显偏负均指示埋藏白云化作用过程还受到局部高温的影响。总体而言,埋藏白云岩化是该区白云岩的主要成因,地层中富镁的流体在压力和热对流的双重影响下进行迁移,促进白云岩化流体的运移,但局部地区鞍形白云石的形成遭受了后期不同程度的热液改造作用。 相似文献
7.
川东北二叠系长兴组碳酸盐岩深埋成岩过程及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上二叠统长兴组储层是川东北地区主力产层之一,储层岩性主要为结晶白云岩、残余生屑/砂屑白云岩、生物礁白云岩和亮晶生屑灰岩,储集空间以晶间孔、晶间溶孔为主,生物体腔孔、残余粒间孔次之,溶洞和裂缝少量发育。长兴组优质储层主要分布于台地边缘生物礁、台地边缘滩等沉积相带,该相带发育大量原生孔隙,易遭受大气淡水溶蚀改造。原生孔隙的发育为白云岩化流体与岩石相互作用提供空间,早期孔隙演变为晶间孔。白云岩抗压实能力较强,有利于高孔隙白云岩的保存。早三叠世快速深埋使长兴组迅速进入中深埋藏,深埋阶段,裂缝少量发育,部分被方解石充填,对储层贡献有限。晚三叠世油气充注隔绝了岩石与地层水的接触,抑制了孔隙内白云石的溶蚀和沉淀,储层先存孔隙得到较好的保存。快速深埋使孔隙迅速被埋藏封闭,深埋阶段水-岩反应处于近封闭的平衡状态,溶蚀-沉淀现象有限,深埋藏环境主要是储层孔隙保存和调整的场所,孔隙空间的位置可能重新分配。 相似文献
8.
四川盆地长兴组发育优质生物礁滩储层,是重要的勘探层系.目前,缺少对其储层特征和成因的研究.以岩石特征分析为基础,结合区域地质研究、镜下鉴定、阴极发光、Sr、Fe、Mn元素和C、O、Sr同位素等地球化学特征分析,对盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带礁滩体储层岩石学特征、地球化学特征等展开了系统研究.受盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带控制,川中地区礁滩体呈规律性展布.海槽东侧广安-公山庙台缘带主要发育生物礁,以生物礁滩复合体中的礁顶滩及礁内滩白云岩为主要储集岩,储集空间主要为粒间孔及生物格架孔,白云岩化程度高;其单层厚度薄,分布广.海槽西侧生物礁不发育,以生屑滩为主,储层以生屑灰岩为主,孔隙主要为粒间溶孔、晶间孔、溶缝等;储层单层厚度较薄,累计厚度较大,分布范围比较广.埋藏白云石化是盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带白云岩储层的主要成因,埋藏期封存于长兴组地层中被淡水改造了的海水及来自于飞仙关组底部泥页岩的压实水是礁滩储层白云石化的主要流体来源;长兴末期存在的区域性暴露剥蚀叠加埋藏溶蚀改造是岩溶储层的主要成因.盐亭-潼南海槽台缘带优质储层受海槽台缘带、埋藏白云石化、长兴末期暴露剥蚀叠加埋藏溶蚀改造多因素共同控制,储层累计厚度较大,分布广,为规模有效储层. 相似文献
9.
川东鄂西上二叠统生物礁白云石化岩石学和地球化学 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
川东鄂西上二叠统生物礁常有白云岩发育。白云石化的晶间孔和溶孔是礁型气田的主要储集空间。岩石学和地球化学资料表明,礁白云石化为埋藏成因。交代的流体是盐度比海水要高的地层水。在埋藏成岩作用过程中,礁白云岩是多次交代形成的。 相似文献
10.
鄂西南恩施地区下三叠统嘉陵江组为碳酸盐岩沉积,发育石灰岩与白云岩的互层,通过野外观察和室内分析表明,嘉二段主要发育两种类型的白云岩,即泥晶-粉晶白云岩和砂屑白云岩。在沉积环境和岩石学特征研究的基础上,结合微量元素、碳氧同位素和阴极发光等技术,对白云岩的形成机理进行了分析。泥晶-粉晶白云岩发育有鸟眼构造、窗格构造和石膏假晶等暴露沉积特征,有序度低,白云石发红色光、紫红色光,与准同生白云岩化作用有关;砂屑白云岩有序度高、Mn和Fe含量高、Na含量和Mn/Sr小,具有较负的δ18 O值和较正的δ13 C值,形成于受大气淡水影响的氧化环境,砂屑发紫红色光,与混合水白云岩化作用有关;同时,部分砂屑白云岩的Sr含量异常也揭示了其叠加了埋藏白云岩化作用,白云岩化流体来自其上覆和/或下伏泥晶-粉晶白云岩中的富Mg2+卤水。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
16.
17.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献