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1.
2005年6月华南暴雨期间西太平洋副高西伸过程分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用NCEP/NCARⅡ逐日再分析资料以及我国实测的降水资料,对2005年6月华南暴雨期间西太平洋副高的西伸过程进行了分析.结果表明:副高的东西进退可能与暴雨过程存在某种联系.分析指出副高中心的下沉气流主要是由副高南北两侧雨带中凝结潜热释放效应所致的上升气流在高空下沉而产生的,副高中心垂直运动的出现有利于副高的加强.而副高南北两侧雨带不但可以加强副高,同时又会激发正涡度增长,限制副高在南北方向上的活动,此时西侧印度季风雨带则会在副高西侧激发反气旋性涡度发展,即可诱使副高西伸.因此,华南强降水和印度季风区降水的共同作用使得副高加强西伸. 相似文献
2.
2011年初夏我国长江中下游降水的气候特征及成因 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
文章主要分析了2011年初夏长江中下游降水的气候特征及其成因。结果表明：2011年5月长江中下游降水异常偏少,6月转为异常偏多,出现了明显的旱涝转换。长江中下游地区的旱涝转换主要受南海季风、东亚季风强度以及西太平洋副热带高压（副高）的异常快速北跳的影响。研究还发现,6月亚洲中高纬长期维持两槽一脊的环流形势,东北冷涡活动频繁,多次引导冷空气南下。同时,副高异常偏北、偏西,并出现多次西伸过程。由于冷涡的加强南压与西伸的副高相互作用,促使长江以南地区西南气流明显增强,使得冷暖空气在长江中下游地区交汇,最终导致该地降水偏多。 相似文献
3.
利用NCEP/NCAR发布的500hPa高度和OLR场以及福建38个站降水资料,分析了福建夏季降水异常与ENSO及东亚夏季风、西太平洋副高的关系.结果表明,西太平洋副高南北进退的异常及位于我国东南沿海的热带季风环流的异常变化,直接影响夏季降水的异常副高脊线位置由春入夏北进的急缓,可能是夏季旱涝前期征兆;ENSO发展不同阶段,西太平洋副高脊线位置年变程存在较大的差异,夏季旱涝在较大程度上依赖ENSO循环的不同阶段.与ENSO循环有关的东亚太平洋地区EPA遥相关距平波列,严重地影响西太平洋副高南北位置及东亚夏季风强弱变化,是导致福建降水异常的一个重要途径. 相似文献
4.
福建夏季降水异常与ENSO循环及东亚季风的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP／NCAR发布的500hPa高度和OLR场以及福建38个站降水资料，分析了福建夏季降水异常与ENSO及东亚夏季风、西太平洋副高的关系。结果表明，西太平洋副高南北进退的异常及位于我国东南沿海的热带季风环流的异常变化，直接影响夏季降水的异常：副高脊线位置由春入夏北进的急缓，可能是夏季旱涝前期征兆；ENSO发展不同阶段，西太平洋副高脊线位置年变程存在较大的差异，夏季旱涝在较大程度上依赖ENSO循环的不同阶段。与ENSO循环有关的东亚太平洋地区EPA遥相关距平波列，严重地影响西太平洋副高南北位置及东亚夏季风强弱变化，是导致福建降水异常的一个重要途径。 相似文献
5.
《气象科学进展》2021,(4)
简要回顾了国内外青藏高原地—气相互作用的科学考察和研究进展,详细总结了近年来高原地—气水热平衡和交换的特征,及其对高原低涡、降水和东亚季风的影响研究。青藏高原地气水热交换可通过边界层过程导致高原热力作用改变,同时还能通过影响高原低涡,引起降水非绝热加热释放导致高原热力作用乃至海陆热力差异异常从而影响东亚夏季风气候。研究发现冷空气事件、土壤湿度和地表潜热对边界层厚度有重要影响;高原土壤温、湿度对低值系统的影响存在差异,高原涡频数与地温间存在显著正相关,但土壤湿度与高原涡间无显著相关关系;高原热状况与高原涡频数间也存在显著的正相关关系;对高原低值系统降水分析发现高原涡降水量呈逐年上升趋势,且波动剧烈呈多峰多谷变化;季风边缘区夏季降水与高原西部加热呈显著正关系,而与高原东部加热作用相关性并不显著;夏季风北部边缘区面积变化与高原中部和北部加热显著相关。研究结果进一步加深了对青藏高原气候学效应的理解。 相似文献
6.
由于青藏高原特殊而强大的动力和热力效应，东亚季风、印度季风和高原季风多季风交汇于此。受多季风交汇影响，青藏高原低涡影响水循环的过程极为复杂，而高原水循环的异常往往造成高原及周边乃至我国中东部地区频发灾害性天气过程，因此一直是国内外学者关注的热点和难点问题。本文系统回顾了国内外关于高原低涡活动特征、结构特征、生成发展机制等方面研究进展，并从低涡的水汽输送、降水和云-降水物理等角度概括了高原低涡参与水循环过程研究成果，特别在总结东亚季风、印度季风和高原季风相互作用研究的基础上分析了多季风交汇对高原水循环的影响。最后对当前高原低涡在多季风作用下影响水循环过程方面存在的问题进行了讨论，并展望了未来研究方向。 相似文献
7.
该文利用MICAPS常规资料、NECP 1°×1°再分析资料以及常规观测资料,分析了大气环流背景对台风"启德"的路径和降水变化的影响,并对"启德"造成桂西暴雨过程的物理量特征进行诊断分析。结果表明,台风后期移动加快,路径稳定,主要与副高加强西伸后南侧强劲的偏东引导气流有关。"启德"环流和西南季风的共同影响造成了桂西强降雨天气。台风登陆西移的过程中,其水汽通量、涡度、散度及湿位涡等各物理量场均表现出有利于桂西强降水出现的特征,并与暴雨落区有较好的对应关系,对暴雨的发生发展有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
8.
Interannual variability in the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon from 1997 to 2014 
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下载免费PDF全文 《大气和海洋科学快报》2017,(1)
本文基于南海地区850 hPa风场,降水以及海温定义了南海夏季风爆发指数,将南海季风爆发过程分为季节转换和季风爆发两个过程来进行研究。对18年的观测分析发现,南海季风爆发可归纳为三种情况:第一种是季风正常爆发,随着季节转换结束后,西南季风和降水在南海地区有明显增强;第二种是间接性爆发,在季节转换结束后,西南季风和降水的建立不是特别明显;第三种是推迟爆发,在季节转换结束后,南海地区没有建立西南季风也没有降水产生。进一步研究发现,西太副高异常西伸是导致南海季风延迟爆发的重要因素之一。此外,大尺度环流背景ENSO的影响也对南海季风爆发时间的早晚有重要影响,但并不是唯一决定性因素,印度洋和亚洲大地形的局地热力差异变化是影响季风爆发的另一重要因素。 相似文献
9.
积云对流参数化方案对东亚夏季环流和降水模拟的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式对东亚夏季区域气候模拟中最常选用的两种积云对流参数化方案进行对比分析,研究积云对流参数化方案选用对大尺度环流模拟的影响。结果表明:Kain-Fritsch（KF）方案对西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）及环流的模拟效果较好,虽然KF方案模拟降水偏多,但是时空分布与TRMM降水分布接近;Grell-Freitas（GF）方案对流加热率过大,从而模拟的南海—菲律宾区域对流异常增强,在南海—菲律宾洋面上的垂直输送异常增大,非绝热加热的范围偏大,导致副高南侧下沉区辐散减弱,抑制了副高北抬西伸,进而影响到水汽输送和季风环流,最终对东亚夏季降水的模拟产生不利影响。修改GF方案对流加热率和干燥率的敏感性试验表明,减小对流加热率和干燥率参数能有效抑制南海—菲律宾区域过强的对流,东亚大尺度环流的模拟得到明显改进。 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP1°×1°的资料研究了四川盆地一类持续性暴雨特征,结果表明：（1）在伴有西太平洋副热带高压西伸和其南侧有热带低压系统扰动的大气环流背景下,其水汽供应环流形势体现为东南气流输送,这主要与副高和热带低压系统相互扰动有关,而与大部分造成四川盆地暴雨的西南气流输送有差异。（2）局地涡度的变化对大尺度环流背景场的分布起到重要的作用,在副高西伸稳定的边缘,局地涡度变化为负,在槽区和热带低压扰动区域内,局地涡度变化为正,而局地涡度的正负变化,取决于涡度方程各项的变化大小,在850hPa上,雨区局地正涡度的增加可能与热带低压的局地正涡度输送有关,而这一过程可能主要山正涡度平流来完成。（3）局地正涡度变化范围和中心较好程度上对应着雨区的范围和中心,可以作为一个判断降水落区的预报要素来参考。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
19.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献