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1.
笔者根据地震面波层析成像结果,对欧亚大陆及西太平洋岩石圈和软流圈速度结构进行了研究,发现东亚至西太平洋间存在一巨型低速异常带,结合构造地质学、地幔岩石学、地球化学及其他地球物理特性的研究,确认该区存在巨型裂谷体系。该巨型裂谷体系的岩石圈和软流圈三维Vs速度结构与太平洋洋中脊、大西洋洋中脊和印度洋洋中脊及其邻区的岩石圈和软流圈地震Vs速度结构十分相似,而与东太平洋边缘现代板块俯冲带的岩石圈与软流圈Vs速度结构有显著差异。在进一步论述该区动力学特征后认为,该巨型裂谷体系是中生代中晚期以来岩石圈整体主动伸展变形,大型裂陷盆地形成,岩石圈强烈拆沉减薄,以及软流圈物质上涌加热引起的。边缘海是在大陆裂谷系形成基础上发展起来的,主导扩张期为中渐新世至中中新世(32-13Ma),这些边缘海在17-15Ma后停止扩张,因而未能将所有边缘海和洋中脊联通。据此划分出4期构造变形动力学演化阶段,现今东亚至西太平洋间大陆裂谷、边缘海与沟弧体系是新生代中晚期以来,邻区各板块构造相互作用叠加的结果。  相似文献   

2.
中国岩石圈的基本特征   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
李廷栋 《地学前缘》2010,17(3):1-13
中国及邻区岩石圈结构构造十分复杂,并具有若干明显的特点:中国大陆地壳西厚东薄、南厚北薄,青藏高原地壳平均厚度为60~65 km,最厚达80 km;东部地区一般为30~35 km,南中国海中央海盆平均只有5 km;中国大陆地壳平均厚度为476 km,大大超过全球地壳392 km的平均厚度。中国大陆及邻区岩石圈亦呈西厚东薄、南厚北薄的变化趋势,青藏高原及西北地区岩石圈平均厚度为165 km,塔里木盆地中东部、帕米尔与昌都地区岩石圈厚度可达180~200 km。大兴安岭-太行山-武陵山以东,包括边缘海为岩石圈减薄区,厚度为50~85 km。西部岩石圈、软流圈“层状结构”明显,反映了板块碰撞汇聚的动力学环境;东部岩石圈、软流圈呈“块状镶嵌结构”,岩石圈薄,软流圈厚,反映了地壳拉张、软流圈物质上涌的特点,并在东亚及西太平洋地区85~250 km深处形成一巨型低速异常体。中国东部上、下地壳及地壳、岩石圈地幔之间普遍存在“上老下新”年龄结构。  相似文献   

3.
欧亚大陆及边缘海岩石圈的结构特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从地球层块结构的研究思路出发,运用构造解析的理论和方法,对东亚及西太平洋地区人工地震测深和天然地震面波层析成像进行构造解析,发现岩石圈中下部存在形态各异、大小不等的高速块体,结合地质学、地球化学及其他地球物理学标志的综合研究将其称为幔块构造,高速块体或幔块构造是控制东亚西太平洋岩石圈构造格局和岩石圈表层构造变形最基本条件之一。在系统研究该区岩石圈高速块体或幔块构造三维几何结构基础上,建立起东亚西太平洋岩石圈八种三维几何结构型式:克拉通陆根状结构、高原陆根状结构、造山带楔状结构、碎块状结构、香肠状结构、哑铃状结构、藕节状结构和板状结构,以及岩石圈形成与构造演化四种构造类型:克拉通型岩石圈、增厚型岩石圈、减薄型岩石圈和大洋型岩石圈。文章在详细论述岩石圈各结构构造类基本特征的基础上,认为全球最大的青藏高原具有增厚型岩石圈特性,存在大陆根,并且大陆根正在增厚过程中;地震层析成像显示,研究区存在全球最大的东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系,具有减薄型岩石圈特性,新生代晚期东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系被西太平洋沟弧盆体系叠加与改造。根据岩石圈三维结构型式,探讨了岩石圈形成机制与演化模式,东亚大陆边缘岩石圈大规模伸展拆沉减薄作用以及软流圈和地幔物质上涌加热作用与青藏高原岩石圈大规模俯冲碰撞?入增厚作用是东亚大陆及边缘海晚中生代以来地幔动力学最基本的表现型式,从而形成全球最大的青藏高原和全球最大的东亚大陆巨型裂谷体系。  相似文献   

4.
中国及邻近陆域海域地球内部三维结构及动力学研究   总被引:27,自引:3,他引:24  
根据国内外最新地球物理和其它地学资料,采用多学科多手段进行综合反演,建立中国及邻区高分辨率地球三维结构模型,为地学各领域提供高精度多参数地球三维模型数据库。对中国及邻近陆域海域岩石圈软流圈结构,过渡带以下直至核幔边界的地幔速度三维分布进行研究。探讨东亚及西太平洋边缘海板块运动、地幔对流、圈层耦合及物质运移等深部动力学问题。对中国大陆及边缘海各地块的结构及相互作用,特别是有关中国东部及边缘海岩石圈拉张减薄、西部岩石圈汇聚增厚的深部动力学过程作了探讨。  相似文献   

5.
中国东部深部构造特征及其与矿集区关系   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
文中以地震层析原始数据为基础,结合大地电磁测深和热流值数据,对老资料重新开发,编制了中国东部岩石圈厚度图、大地热流值图、岩石圈构造与矿集区关系图等,在此基础上对中国东部上地幔岩石圈-软流圈构造及其变异进行了初步研究,认为:(1)中生代燕山期较大型深部构造(如软流圈上涌体)的地震层析影象可存留至今,运用大地热流值及其相应浅表岩浆岩、矿集区等特征差异可以将中、新生代深部构造加以区分;(2)中国东部深部构造总特征:上地幔岩石圈-软流圈构造起伏变化,岩石圈西厚东薄,软流圈上涌发育且形式各异。大体可分为华南(构造线呈NWW)、华北(构造线近SN)、东北(构造线呈NNE)三大块,其基本特征各异。整个中国东部深部构造中,软流圈上涌起主导作用;(3)中生代软流圈上涌是相应浅表燕山期花岗质岩形成的根源,并与金属矿集区密切相关,新生代软流圈上涌则是大陆裂谷、玄武岩喷发及大型油气田形成的基础;(4)岩石圈减薄的主因是软流圈上涌,中生代燕山期主要减薄于中国东部大陆内部,新生代主要减薄于偏东部沿海区域。  相似文献   

6.
对中国东部中生代动力学机制的新认识   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
从20世纪70年代板块构造学说引入中国后,中国地质学家(包括笔者)普遍接受了太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲导致中国东部中生代强烈的构造-岩浆活动和相应的成矿作用的观点,乃至成为被认知的理论至今仍然广泛流传。但是,2000—2006年国土资源部开展的《中国岩石圈三维结构》专项研究成果表明:深部软流圈(层)物质上涌才是中国东部中—新生代强烈构造-岩浆活动的主要动力来源。在进一步研究中国东部巨厚的软流圈形成的原因时发现:中侏罗世以来,中国大陆受到了来自4个不同方向的动力挤压,由此导致软流圈物质汇聚到中国东部及邻区大陆之下。太平洋板块的俯冲力只是4个方向中的一个——由东向西挤压,它起到了阻挡软流圈物质继续向东部"洋区"流动的作用,可称它为"远程力效应"。  相似文献   

7.
本文讨论引起中国东部岩石圈巨变的动力。认为较重的岩石圈地幔位于较轻的软流圈之上形成的瑞雷-泰勒不稳定性驱动岩石圈地幔流动是东部岩石圈巨变的构造动力。由于瑞雷-泰勒不稳定性只存在于中年期大陆,老年期与青年期大陆都不存在瑞雷-泰勒不稳定性,因而只有像中国东部那样的中年期大陆才能发生蘑菇云地幔构造。  相似文献   

8.
运用现代构造解析理论和方法,对新疆可可托海—四川简阳人工地震测深剖面与天然地震面波层析成像进行构造解析基础上,综合地质学、深源岩石包体构造岩石学和地球化学以及其他地球物理学标志等多学科综合研究显示,高速块体或幔块构造的几何结构型式是控制该区岩石圈构造格局和岩石圈表层构造变形基本条件之一。本文建立起该地学断面地壳及岩石圈与软流圈速度结构模型和物质组成结构模型,划分出岩石圈3种几何结构模式:克拉通陆根状结构、造山带楔状结构和高原陆根状结构,以及岩石圈二类构造演化类型:克拉通型岩石圈和增厚型岩石圈。在系统论述断面地壳及岩石圈结构构造类型特征基础上,探讨了该断面软流圈结构特征,岩石圈与软流圈相互作用及其地幔动力学模式。  相似文献   

9.
中国大陆地壳上地幔不均匀性与矿产资源预测   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
在充分收集、整理、综合研究中国大陆11条地学断面(简称GGT)、数十条其它地球物理剖面(地震剖面、大地热流、大地电磁测深等剖面)和覆盖中国大陆及邻区的剪切波三维速度结构资料的基础上,阐述了中国大陆及邻区地壳结构、岩石圈结构和软流圈结构,并对中国大陆矿产资源预测作了简单的讨论。中国岩石圈结构是在三种不同性质的软流圈基础上发展起来的,有明显的继承性。中国岩石圈结构在某种程度上与大地构造单元相吻合,说明地壳构造受到岩石圈的影响和制约。尤其在地震波垂向低速带上(地壳上地幔都表现为低速性质)是内生多金属矿带的良好产出环境。  相似文献   

10.
中国东部陆壳洋幔型岩石圈及其形成机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
长期以来中国东部岩石圈具有何种特殊性,其类型是否转变,其形成年代与形成机制等问题一直存在着不同意见。通过系统研究中国东部地质、地球化学与地球物理资料,笔者提出中国东部大陆地壳在侏罗纪晚期,受北美板块WSW向强烈的挤压以及特提斯洋朝东北方向张开的共同作用,使东亚大陆地壳发生逆时针转动,以致中国东部陆壳水平滑移到古老的洋壳或洋幔之上。在中国东部,原来的大陆型岩石圈的边部就出现较薄的陆壳洋幔型岩石圈(陆壳厚30~40 km,洋幔厚40~50 km)。幔源包体的资料表明中国东部岩石圈地幔与软流圈是未经扰动或轻微扰动,它们均发生在太古宙或中新元古代,还没有足够的在中、新生代发生扰动的证据。看来造成上述岩石圈结构类型的转换,不大可能是中、新生代大洋板块俯冲作用的直接结果,也不像是深部热地幔上涌或底侵作用的产物。强构造–岩浆活动源区形成于区域性断层与中地壳或莫霍面的构造滑脱的交切带,只有极少数的断层可深达岩石圈底面。中国东部岩石圈的构造滑脱面主要在中地壳或莫霍面,而不是在软流圈。中国东部中新生代强烈的构造-岩浆作用与内生金属成矿作用,正是受此种特殊岩石圈结构的控制而形成的。总之笔者认为:亚洲与中国大陆东部的岩石圈(包括其中的华北地区)在中、新生代并没有发生"克拉通的裂解",而只是岩石圈的类型发生了变化,出现了一种洋陆过渡类型的陆壳洋幔型岩石圈。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

15.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

16.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

17.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

18.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

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