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A. R. Estabragh A. H. Amini A. A. Javadi M. Kouchakzadeh 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(6):643-650
AbstractThe effect of pH on the physical and mechanical properties of a sediment was investigated through a set of experimental tests. The sediment was formed from deposition of suspended particles in a fluid. Two different types of clay soil were suspended in fluids with different pH (2, 4, 7, 9 and 11) in cylindrical tubes with volume of 1?liter and also in special cylindrical reservoirs. The height of the sediment was measured in the cylindrical tube until equilibrium was achieved. The sediment deposited in the reservoirs was dried in air and then Atterberg limit, compaction and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on samples prepared from each sediment. The results showed that the final height of the settled sediment is a function of pH; the height of sediment is increased with increasing the pH. Also, the Atterberg limits increased with increasing the pH. The maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content decreased and increased with increasing the pH. The final strength of the sediment decreased with increasing pH. Based on the SEM analysis, it was found that the values of pH influence the properties of the formed sediments. 相似文献
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海藻工具酶研究Ⅱ.褐藻酸酶的制备、性质及对裙带菜细胞的解离研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
褐藻酸降解菌埃氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas espejiana)菌株Al01,通过发酵培养制备褐藻酸酶.该酶作用的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,最适底物浓度为1%～2%;在离子浓度为0.5mmol/dm3时,Mn2+对酶促反应稍有促进作用,Ca2+、Hg2+则有明显的抑制作用.该酶用于裙带菜单细胞和原生质体解离时,以酶液组成为褐藻酸酶1%、纤维素酶1%,45×10-3的NaC1为渗透剂,酶解温度25℃,pH7.0,酶解3-4h效果最好. 相似文献
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为探究Microbulbifer sp. QZHA1褐藻胶裂解(Escherichia coli)酶MAAL1的酶学性质,将褐藻胶裂解酶基因maal1构建至pET-28a表达载体并利用大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行异源表达。研究发现：重组酶MAAL1与来源于Microbulbifer sp. ALW1菌株的褐藻胶裂解酶(WP＿23625014.1)同源性最高,为93.69%,且与PL7家族蛋白聚为一支;重组酶MAAL1最适温度为35℃,最适pH为7.5,在pH为5.5～10.5范围内保存24 h仍能保持60%以上的酶活力;MAAL1具备良好的耐有机溶剂特性,在测试的9种有机溶剂中,除异丙醇外,其他有机溶剂在添加量达到30%(体积分数)后,酶活力依然保持在59%以上;重组酶MAAL1最适条件下酶活力为4.3 U/mg,米氏常数(Km)值为1.08 mg/mL,最大反应速率(Vmax)为4.75 mg/(mL·min),催化常数(Kcat)值为4.52 s-1;重组酶MAAL1对聚β-D-甘露糖醛酸(p... 相似文献
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对具有高淀粉酶活性的南极菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. A211-5的全基因组数据进行了分析和筛选,筛选获得α-淀粉酶疑似序列amy3809,并采用基因工程手段对该基因的功能和性质进行验证和分析。首先,以淀粉酶Amy3809的完整开放阅读框(ORF)为模板设计特异引物,克隆获得amy3809的全序列并对其进行重组表达,获得的重组蛋白采用镍柱进行分离纯化;DNS-还原糖法测定重组酶的酶学性质;薄层层析(TLC)技术对Amy3809的酶解产物进行分析。实验结果:1)克隆获得的amy3809成功地连接到pET-30a载体,并在工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中实现了高效表达,纯化的重组酶Amy3809分子量为67 kDa;2)重组酶Amy3809在10~40℃的范围内仍能保持85%以上的酶活,但随着温度的升高酶活迅速降低,70℃时几乎失活,表明该酶具有良好的低温耐受特性及热敏感性;3)最适pH为7.0,在pH 5.0~10.0的范围内仍能保持50%以上的活性;4)金属离子Na+,K+和Ca2+均能提高Amy3809的活性,而Cu2+,Fe2+,Mg2+和EDTA则能显著降低Amy3809的活性;5)Amy3809的酶解产物主要为麦芽四糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽糖和葡萄糖。由此可知,南极菌产的α-淀粉酶Amy3809,具有良好的低温耐受特性,热敏感性和较广的pH耐受范围,并能够有效地将淀粉降解为低聚糖和葡萄糖,因而具有潜在的工业应用前景。 相似文献
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生物技术清洁生产替代高污染化学法制备甲壳素的研究与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从虾壳中分离到一株乳杆菌BR-3,研究发现其最佳发酵起始pH为6.50,最佳培养温度为35℃,在此培养温度下达到对数生长期的时间为42h。采用乳杆菌发酵方法,进行了虾壳制备甲壳素的研究,比较了接种量、葡萄糖加入量、发酵时间等因素对产品质量的影响。结果表明,当接种量为10%、葡萄糖浓度为4.5%、固液比为1︰3、发酵温度为(35±2)℃、发酵时间为3—4d时,平均灰分去除率达95.67%,甲壳素产品灰分含量均小于6%,最低可达1%,产品质量等于或优于传统的酸碱生产方法。发酵液可部分或全部回收,洗涤废水可作下一轮发酵用水,生产废水接近零排放。虾壳乳酸发酵法生产甲壳素是一种清洁生产方法。BR-3培养时间短,培养条件粗放,温度和pH适应范围宽,产酸效率高,残糖少,适合于工业化生产。 相似文献
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卡德藻自养、异养与兼养培养的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对卡德藻在自养、异养和兼养培养条件下的比生长速率、细胞密度、细胞色素组成及脂肪酸组成等方面进行了比较研究。兼养卡德藻的细胞密度大于自养条件和异养条件下细胞密度之和。兼养培养的卡德藻比生长速率是自养的 2倍 ,异养的 1.3倍。兼养和异养生长的对数期较自养的长。光合自养培养卡德藻最适光强为 10 0 0 0 lx,而兼养培养最适光强范围为 10 0 0～ 2 0 0 0 lx。在自养和兼养培养时亚油酸的含量很高 ,自养和兼养状态下分别为 16 .6 %和 17.4 9%。 EPA合成的量较低。异养藻的多不饱和脂肪酸的产量较自养藻和兼养藻要低。兼养藻细胞光合色素组成和含量与自养藻细胞的基本一致 ,但在异养条件下藻细胞色素组成发生明显改变。 相似文献
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CO2 fixation pathway of Caminibacter profundus, a chemolithoautotrophic -Proteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vent, was determined and characterized by genetic and enzymatic analyses. Gene expression of key enzymes for CO2 fixation in response to salinity, pH and O2 in Medium 829 were also investigated. The results demonstrate that C. profundus contained aclB, porA and oorA, the genes encoding key enzymes of reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. However, genes fragments of cbbL and cbbM encoding key enzyme of Calvin cycle were not recovered. Key enzymatic activities of ATP citrate lyase (ACL), pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) and 2-oxoglutarate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (OOR) were also present in C. profundus. The combination of genetic and enzymatic analyses confirm that C. profundus adopted rTCA cycle for carbon assimilation. The results of aclB and oorA relative expressions of C. profundus demonstrate that the ranges of environmental factors for high genes expression were sea salt 3.0%-5.0% (optimum 3.0%), pH 5.0-6.5(optimum pH 6.5), anaerobic to microaerobic conditions (optimum 1.0% O2 ). Gene expression patterns under different conditions show similar patterns with bacterial growth, revealing that key rTCA cycle genes provided molecular basis for bacterial growth and propagation. Our results suggest that C. profundus could regulate key genes of rTCA cycle for carbon assimilation and energy metabolism in response to environmental fluctuations in hydrothermal vent. 相似文献
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以光镜和电镜观察了日本蟳精子的形态结构,对雄体贮精囊和雌体纳精囊中的精子结构进行了比较,并研究了pH,盐度对日本蟳精子存活率的影响规律,结果表明:日本蟳精子为非鞭毛型,主要由顶体、核杯、膜复合体和辐射臂等组成,其中顶体呈球形或近球形,可分成头帽、顶体管和顶体囊三部分。核杯包裹整个顶体外围,染色质呈细丝状或颗粒状。辐射臂向精子四周发出,内含核质,没有运动能力。雄体贮精囊中的精子包裹在椭球形精荚中,而雌体纳精囊中的精子呈弥散状,精子顶体管中有囊泡状结构、中心体位置前移、胞质透明区扩大,而且有些精子已崩解。精巢表面pH为6.5±0.2,精液pH为7.0±0.2,精子密度平均为(3.47×109±0.42×109)个/cm3。精子的适宜pH为7~9,最适pH为8;适宜盐度为20~30,最适盐度为25。 相似文献
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为研究海洋平肝潜阳中药石决明的降血压活性,采用高效液相色谱法,体外测定石决明对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制作用。以马尿酰-组氨酰-亮氨酸为反应底物,血管紧张素转化酶为催化剂,反应所生成的马尿酸为测定指标,未加酶抑制剂的反应为空白对照。采用Waters C18色谱柱,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.6mL·min-1,检测波长228nm,进样量10μL;马尿酸在0.005～1.000mmol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.999 9),最低检测限为0.2μmol·L-1,对马尿酸的回收率范围为95.0%～102.8%。将方法应用于海洋中药石决明的ACE抑制活性测定,其IC50值为49.20mg·mL-1。本研究为石决明治疗肝阳上亢型高血压的机制和有效成分的深入探讨提供一定依据。 相似文献
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DNA polymerase δ (Polδ) plays a crucial and versatile role in DNA replication and DNA repair processes. Vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata is the primary megafaunal community living in hydrothermal vents. In this study, the Polδ from shrimp Rimicaris exoculata was cloned, expressed and characterized. The results showed that the Polδ catalytic subunit (POLD1), 852 amino acids in length, shared high homology with crayfish Procambarus clarkii and shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria. The recombinant POLD1 expressed in Escherichia coli showed that the enzyme was active in a range of 20°C to 40°C with an optimum temperature at 25°C and in a wide range of pH with an optimum at pH 6.0. The activities of POLD1 were significantly enhanced in the presence of Triton-X 100, Tween 20 and Mn2+. The Km (dNTP) value of POLD1 was 4.7 μmol/L. The present study would be helpful to reveal the characterization of Polδ of deep-sea vent animals. 相似文献
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Hydrogel nanoparticles can be prepared by using linoleic acid (LA) modified carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) after sonication. Bromelain can be loaded onto nanoparticles of LA-CMCS. Factors affecting the activity of the immobilized enzyme, including temperature, storage etc., were investigated in this study. The results showed that the stability of bromelain for heat and storage was improved after immobilization on nanoparticles. The Michaelis constant (Km) of the immobilized enzyme, was smaller than that of free enzyme which indicated that the immobilization could promote the stability of the enzyme and strengthen the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate. 相似文献
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以坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）为实验材料,采用盐酸水解法和浸提法,以日立L-8900型高速全自动氨基酸分析仪为测定仪器,分别研究了坛紫菜总氨基酸（TAA）和游离氨基酸（FAA）在提取过程中各条件的不同水平对提取结果的影响.实验结果表明：（1）利用正交设计L9（34）对影响TAA提取的4个条件（藻体质量、稀释倍数、干燥温度、空白值）在3个水平上进行优化实验,藻体质量、稀释倍数对测定结果影响显著,干燥温度影响不显著;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.050 0g,稀释3倍,干燥温度为60℃.（2）利用正交设计L16（45）对影响FAA测定的5个条件（藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间、空白值）在4个水平上进行优化实验,结果表明藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间的不同水平对测定结果均有显著影响,其中藻体质量对结果的影响最大;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.010 0 g,提取液为去离子水,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为4 h. 相似文献
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海洋光合细菌的分离鉴定及其生长条件的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用红色硫细菌培养基从青岛沿海潮间带海泥中分离出8株光合细菌,经鉴定菌株HD_1属最小着色菌(Chromatium minutissimum),HD_2、HD_4为细着色菌(Chromatium gracile);菌株SL_1、SL_1x、PL_1和PL_2为嗜酸红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas acidophila),菌株HCx为沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonaspalustris)。分离菌株均具运动性,不需生长因子。菌株HD_1、HD_2和HD_4在厌氧光照条件下利用硫化物,且在细胞内贮存硫粒。菌株HD_1、HD_2的最适盐度为4.0％,最适pH为7.0,8.0。当培养基中硫化物含量为0.01—0.04％时,菌株HD_1、HD_4生长良好。菌株PL_2在初始pH为6时生长最好。酵母膏对菌株HCx具有明显的促生长作用。 相似文献
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Fernandez-Jover D Jimenez JA Sanchez-Jerez P Bayle-Sempere J Casalduero FG Lopez FJ Dempster T 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(1):1-18
Net-cage fish farms attract a great number of wild fishes, altering their behaviour and possibly their physiology. Wild Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), sampled from populations aggregated around two Mediterranean fish farms and from two natural control populations, were analyzed for differences in body condition, stomach content and fatty acid composition. Pellets used to feed caged fish in both farms were also analyzed to identify their relationship with the fatty acid composition of tissue of wild fish. T. mediterraneus aggregated around the farms throughout the year although large seasonal changes in abundance and biomass occurred. Wild fish aggregated at farms mainly ate food pellets while control fish fed principally on juvenile fish and cephalopods. Wild fish that fed around the cages had a significantly higher body fat content than the control fish (7.30+/-1.8% and 2.36+/-0.7%, respectively). The fatty acid composition also differed between farm-associated and control fish, principally because of the significantly increased levels of linoleic (C18:2omega6) and oleic (C18:1omega9) acids and decreased docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6omega3) in farm-associated fish. The increased condition of wild fish associated with farms could increase the spawning ability of coastal fish populations, if wild fish are protected from fishing while they are present at farms. The fatty acids compositions could also serve as biomarkers to infer the influence of a fish farm on the local fish community, helping to better describe the environmental impact of fish farming. 相似文献
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褐球固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)是一种海藻酸降解菌.本实验采用PCR的方法,以褐球固氮菌基因组DNA为模板,克隆出约1.05 kb的海藻酸裂解酶基因algL的成熟蛋白编码序列,并将其插入巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达载体pPIC9K中,获得重组质粒pPIC9K-algL.重组质粒线性化后用聚乙二醇(PEG)法导入毕赤酵母菌株GS115中,获得高效分泌表达海藻酸裂解酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株.用甲醇诱导培养基进行摇瓶发酵,表达得到43 kDa的目的蛋白,酶活力可达1 400 U/cm3左右.经测定,该重组酶的最适反应pH为8.5,最适反应温度为40℃,并且在20~55℃,pH2.0~11.0具有较好的稳定性.另外,10 mmol/cm3的Cu2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Mn2+和Ca2+对酶有不同程度的抑制作用. 相似文献
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中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)蛋白酶的纯化及其生化特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用Tris-HCl缓冲液(50mmol/L,pH7.5)抽提、Q-sepharose F.F.阴离子交换层析、Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤层析、SDS-PAGE等方法,进行中华管鞭虾虾头蛋白酶的分离纯化、酶学性质及其动力学特性的研究。结果表明,中华管鞭虾虾头蛋白酶粗提物经层析后,得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯的一酶组分。该蛋白酶的比活力从359.39U/mg增加到8277.83U/mg,提高了23.03倍,回收率达37.69%,SDS-PAGE显示该蛋白酶只含一条谱带,相对分子量为24.50kDa。以偶氮酪蛋白作为底物,该酶的米氏常数Km值为0.28mg/ml,最适温度为55℃,最适pH为7.5;蛋白酶在60℃以下比较稳定,放置1h后活性仍保持在60%以上,而在60℃以上时蛋白酶活性急剧下降,80℃放置1h后,酶活性只残留21.32%。10mmol/L Cu2 、Zn2 和EDTA对该蛋白酶有较强的抑制作用,抑制率分别约为97%、96%和55%,10mmol/LMg2 能显著促进蛋白酶活性,而10mmol/LFe2 、Ba2 、Ca2 对蛋白酶活性的影响不大。推测中华管鞭虾蛋白酶可能为一种金属蛋白酶。 相似文献
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不同pH海水和不同时间处理紫菜、石莼对呼吸强度和致死酸度试验结果表明,紫菜比石莼耐酸力强。在海水温度为18℃条件下,分别用pH_2、pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8处理,处理时间20分钟,紫菜除pH_2处理对呼吸强度有抑制作用和培养5天后有20％死亡外,pH_3、pH_4、pH_5、pH_6、pH_7、pH_8各组处理对呼吸强度都有促进作用,培养5天后没有死亡现象,而石莼经pH_2、pH_3处理,对呼吸强度都有抑制作用,培养5天后,pH_2处理组全部死亡,pH_3处理有50％死亡。pH_3和pH_4在海水温度为18℃条件下,处理时间为40分钟时,对紫菜呼吸强度有促进作用,培养5天报,pH_3处理组仅有20％死亡。而pH_3对石莼呼吸强度有抑制作用,培养5天后,全部灭亡。在生产上是否可以考虑用pH_3的海水处理紫菜网帘以达到消除石莼(杂藻)的目的,将是一项具有生产意义的待试验课题。 相似文献