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1.
刍云深水凹陷高成熟原油芳烃地球化学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对白云凹陷采集的27个原油样品的芳烃组成进行了系统的研究。其分布特征和相对含量表明,原油母质具明显的陆源高等植物输入特征,沉积环境以氧化环境为主,根据萘系列、菲系列、二苯并噻吩系列化合物的相对含量分布差异,优选有效的烷基萘、烷基菲、烷基二苯并噻吩成熟度指标,综合分析了白云凹陷原油成熟度特征。原油总体属于成熟一高成熟原油,结合生物标志化合物组成可划分为A、B两类,A类原油的成熟度高于B类原油。还选用有效的成熟度参数探讨了白云凹陷油气运移规律,如三甲基萘比值,该参数指示油气运移方向沿白云主洼中心向周围运移,且邻近番禺低隆起,运移方向由西向东,即沿着成熟度由高到低方向运移。 相似文献
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热力作用对烃源岩中重排藿烷类化合物形成的作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对87个采自鄂尔多斯盆地煤系烃源岩和松辽盆地湖相烃源岩样品进行的地球化学分析结果显示,热力作用对烃源岩重排藿烷组成特征的影响强烈。随成熟度的变化,来自两套沉积体系的烃源岩中重排藿烷相对丰度的分布相似,随成熟度增大17α（H）-重排藿烷和18α（H）-新藿烷相对丰度均先增大后减小,并在Ro:0.80%~0.90%（生油窗）时达峰值。不同沉积环境的烃源岩中重排藿烷的成熟度与绝对浓度的变化规律一致。在Ro:0.50%~0.70%（未熟-低熟）阶段,重排藿烷绝对浓度较大;在Ro:0.70%~0.80%（成熟）阶段,重排藿烷的绝对浓度显著降低。不同沉积环境中重排藿烷的参数随成熟度的变化规律揭示:在重排藿烷的形成过程中,热力作用的影响要强于沉积环境和生物来源。 相似文献
3.
福山凹陷是北部湾盆地的重要含油气单元,是一个“小而肥”的富生烃凹陷.充分利用烃源岩和原油的有机地球化学等分析测试数据,针对凹陷内研究较少的西部地区的原油进行地化特征分析,进而研究该区油气藏的油源.研究结果显示凹陷西部原油主要为轻质油,族组分以高饱和烃和芳烃含量、低非烃+沥青质含量为特点.凹陷西部的原油生油母质为陆源高等植物和低等水生生物的混合来源,为陆相湖盆混合型母质特征,不同区块不同层段原油的生油母质具有一定的差别.研究区生油母质沉积环境为偏淡水氧化沉积环境的湖沼相,结合原油成熟度,可将研究区原油划分为3类:(1) 美台-红光流三上段原油,具有“中等成熟度,低奥利烷含量”特征;(2) 永安流一上段原油,具有“高成熟度,高奥利烷含量”特征;(3) 朝阳流一上段原油,具有“低成熟度,中等奥利烷含量”特征.进一步油源对比结果显示,美台-红光地区流三段原油来自流三段和流二下段烃源岩,而永安地区的流一段烃源岩为永安地区的原油提供油源. 相似文献
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吐哈盆地原油和烃源岩单烃碳同位素组成特征及油源对比探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文测定了吐哈盆地原油和部分烃源岩的单烃碳同位素组成，利用单烃碳同位素组成及其分布模式和样品生物标志物的分布和组合特征研究沉积环境和母质输入特征，进行原油成因类型划分和油源对比探索。吐哈盆地原油可划分为三类:一类是典型沼泽相-湖沼相煤成油，如台北凹陷各油田侏罗系原油；二类是湖相原油，如托参１井三叠系原油；三类是浅湖相原油，如胜金口油田中侏罗统原油。油源对比认为目前吐哈盆地侏罗系产出的原油由中下侏罗统煤系地层有机质生成，而托克逊凹陷三叠系原油由上二叠统湖相泥岩生成。 相似文献
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对梨树断陷71个湖相原油样品的饱和烃和芳烃进行了气相色谱和色谱—质谱(GC-MS)分析,根据其生物标志化合物组合特征的差异将梨树断陷的原油划分为三种类型,不同成因类型的原油样品中三环萜烷的分布特征差异明显,其中Ⅰ类原油三环萜烷的浓度明显高于Ⅱ类原油,而Ⅱ类原油Σ三环萜烷/17α(H)-藿烷比值明显高于Ⅰ类原油,但不同类型原油中均存在较高含量的高碳数三环萜烷(C28TT-C29TT),其相对百分含量均高于低碳数三环萜烷(C19TT-C20TT、C21TT、C23TT)。从沉积环境、母质来源和成熟度三方面对高碳数三环萜烷的主控因素进行了探讨,结果表明,梨树断陷不同类型原油的母质来源都是以细菌及低等水生生物为主,(C28TT-C29TT)/17α(H)-藿烷与伽马蜡烷指数有一定的正相关性,说明偏还原性的咸水环境是高碳数三环萜烷富集的次要影响因素。就该研究区而言,Σ三环萜烷/17α(H)-藿烷比值与成熟度参数Ts/(Ts... 相似文献
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塔里木塔中隆起古生界原油咔唑类化合物的分布及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石油在运移过程中,极性含氮化合物与围岩(如孔隙、裂缝、断层等)表面相互作用。随着运移距离增加,其在原油中的含量不断降低,并发生石油极性含氮化合物的分馏作用。以前的研究表明,石油中咔唑类含氮化合物的分布受母质类型、沉积环境、成熟度的影响很小,而主要受石油运移的影响。本文主要运用咔唑类化合物的分布来研究石油的运移并迫踪烃源岩。文中对来自塔里木盆地塔中地区6口井的7个原油样品的咔唑类化合物的类型、含量及其分布特征作了详细的探讨。得到 相似文献
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芳烃作为原油和烃源岩中可溶烃的一个重要组分,能提供烃源岩沉积环境、有机质来源、热演化程度和油源对比等多方面信息,并且其比饱和烃具有更强的抗生物降解作用的能力,因此广泛用于生物降解油的相关研究。生物降解油广泛分布于中国青藏高原羌塘盆地,为了有效开展羌塘盆地油源对比研究工作,本文对隆鄂尼地区油苗开展了系统的芳烃有机地球化学特征研究,样品中检测出的15类化合物系列中菲系列含量极高,其次为三芴系列,萘系列含量较低,但同样检测出一定量的源于陆源高等植物母质的化合物,如卡达烯、惹烯和海松烯等,这表明羌塘盆地生油母质以海相低等水生生物为主,同时有一定量陆源高等植物输入。芳烃成熟度参数研究表明,甲基萘指数由于受到混源影响而不能单独用于成熟度评价,而甲基菲指数和甲基二苯并噻吩指数是羌塘盆地原油成熟度研究的有效指标,综合各类成熟度指标研究表明,羌塘盆地原油属于成熟油。 相似文献
9.
地质微生物作用与油气资源的生成、保存、破坏、开采和勘探的各个环节都有着密切的联系.微生物(细菌)本身不仅是良好的成烃母质,还是促使有机物转化为石油烃的主要营力.微生物作用使沉积有机质向更有利于生烃的物质转化,并使有机质中表征成熟度的一些指标在尚未受热成熟作用前就显示成熟特征.沉积环境中微生物的发育对有机质的贡献与保存有积极作用,细菌对有机质的降解也有利于有机质中成烃组分的保存与富集.微生物作用生成的天然气、煤层气和甲烷水合物在世界各地已成为有商业开采价值的资源.然而,微生物对已成藏的油气资源又具有破坏作用.储层中喜氧与厌氧菌的存在,不仅破坏石油储量,还使原油质量明显下降. 相似文献
10.
《四川地质学报》2021,41(3)
通过对济阳坳陷车镇凹陷烃源岩和原油样品进行系统的地球化学分析,认为该地区的原油主要分为四类,Ⅰ类原油来自该地区沙四段烃源岩,其γ蜡烷指数中等,重排甾烷不发育,4-甲基甾烷丰富,且具有C_(35)升藿烷"翘尾"特征,表明其母岩沉积于高盐度还原环境,这类油主要分布在大王北地区;Ⅱ类油来自沙三段烃源岩,其γ蜡烷含量较低,Pr/Ph、重排甾烷较高,且成熟度较高,母质沉积环境为淡水-微咸水、弱氧化-弱还原的沉积环境;Ⅲ类原油来自该地区沙一段烃源岩,具有高γ蜡烷含量、低4-甲基甾烷、低Pr/Ph、低成熟度的特征,其母质以低等水生生物和藻类为主,且颗石藻与硅藻类对其贡献较大,烃源岩沉积环境为半咸化还原环境;Ⅳ类原油各参数值介于Ⅱ类Ⅲ类原油之间,为沙一段和沙三段烃源岩混源供烃,该类油主要见于大王北地区。车西地区以沙三段烃源岩为主力油源。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献