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1.
Runoff in the source region of a river makes up most of water resources in the whole basin in arid and semi-arid areas. It is very important for water resources management to timely master the latest dynamic changes of the runoff and quantitatively reveal its main driving factors. This paper aims to discover the variation heterogeneity of runoff and the impacts of climatic factors on this runoff in the source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) in China from 1961 to 2016. We divided SRYR into four sub-regions, and analyzed changes of their contributions to total runoff in SRYR. We also revealed the impacts of precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration on runoff in each sub-region by constructing the regression relationships between them at multiple temporal scales. The changes of runoff in the four sub-regions and their contributions to the total runoff were not exactly consistent. The climatic variables’ changes also have heterogeneity, and runoff was mainly affected by precipitation compared to influences of temperature or potential evapotranspiration. Their impacts on runoff have spatiotemporal heterogeneity and can be reflected by very significant-linear regression equations.It provided a simple method to predict headwater runoff for better water management in the whole basin. 相似文献
2.
1961-2005年水利水保措施对潮河流域年径流量的影响(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area,the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961-2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station(Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations.Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method.The referenced period(1961-1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period(1981-2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961-2005 applying double accumulative curve method,mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique.Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model,impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively.The major results could be summarized as follows:(1) The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s,the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970.(2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities.(3) During 1981-1990,1991-2000,2001-2005 and 1981-2005,the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×108,0.28×108,1.10×108 and 0.79×108 m3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%,7.13%,40.71% and 23.79% accordingly.Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period. 相似文献
3.
西北地区山区融雪期气候变化对径流量的影响(英文) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Water resources in the arid land of Northwest China mainly derive from snow and glacier melt water in mountainous areas. So the study on onset, cessation, length, tempera-ture and precipitation of snowmelt period is of great significance for allocating limited water resources reasonably and taking scientific water resources management measures. Using daily mean temperature and precipitation from 8 mountainous weather stations over the pe-riod 1960?2010 in the arid land of Northwest China, this paper analyzes climate change of snowmelt period and its spatial variations and explores the sensitivity of runoff to length, temperature and precipitation of snowmelt period. The results show that mean onset of snowmelt period has shifted 15.33 days earlier while mean ending date has moved 9.19 days later. Onset of snowmelt period in southern Tianshan Mountains moved 20.01 days earlier while that in northern Qilian Mountains moved only 10.16 days earlier. Mean precipitation and air temperature increased by 47.3 mm and 0.857℃ in the mountainous areas of Northwest China, respectively. The precipitation of snowmelt period increased the fastest, which is ob-served in southern Tianshan Mountains, up to 65 mm, and the precipitation and temperature in northern Kunlun Mountains increased the slowest, an increase of 25 mm and 0.617℃, respectively, while the temperature in northern Qilian Mountains increased the fastest, in-creasing by 1.05℃. The annual runoff is also sensitive to the variations of precipitation and temperature of snowmelt period, because variation of precipitation induces annual runoff change by 7.69% while change of snowmelt period temperature results in annual runoff change by 14.15%. 相似文献
4.
1956-2002年滦河流域径流变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin, which caused water crisis in Tian-jin for several times, was investigated using discharge data covering the period 1956-2002. The data from the differential integral curves of the annual runoff indicate that the decreasing point began in 1979 in the six sub-basins. The decrease of runoff in the Luanhe river basin resulted from the combination of climate effects and human activities, in which the latter plays an important role. This can be illustrated by noting that after 1979 the runoff generated by similar precipitation decreased under the condition that the total precipitation did not decrease in the entire basin. As a result, the annual runoff of the Luanhe river basin after 1979 decreased by about 6.46×10^8 m^3 each year. To analyze the runoff characteristics, it is inadequate to seek the runoff trends only and the identification of cyclical component of the runoff as accurate as possible is necessary. From the natural annual runoff discharge time series, we can see the annual runoff fluctuates around the long-term average. Analyzed by VRL （Variable Record Length） method, the main periods of 3, 5-6, 7, 9, 16-20 and 37-39 years were found. The last decade causing water crisis was the driest period in the history, and this condition will last several years from trend analysis and power spectrum analysis. So finding new water sources is urgent to solve water crisis in Tianjin city, and the South-North Water Transfer is a feasible option. 相似文献
5.
The town of Agura,a typical region in Horqin Sandy Land,was selected as the study area in this paper.Using 12 remote sensing images and climatic data from the past 20 years,the effects of climate change on surface environments were analyzed.The impact indices of climatic factors,along with their corresponding ranks,were used to characterize the responses of different types of surface environments to climate change.Results show that in the past 20 years,the surface environments of the study area have been deteriorating.Furthermore,there is a positive relationship between the changes in surface environments and those in climatic factors.Various climatic factors influence surface environments in different ways and at different levels.The most sensitive factor is relative humidity,followed by precipitation and evaporation.Overall,moisture is the key factor that affects the changes in surface environments of arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
6.
The spatio-temporal pattern of the global water resource has significantly changed with climate change and intensified human activities. The regional economy and ecological environment are highly affected by terrestrial water storage(TWS), especially in arid areas. To investigate the response relationships between TWS and changing environments(climate change and human activities) in Central Asia, we used the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) data, Climatic Research Unit(CRU) climate data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) remote sensing data products(MOD16A2, MOD13A3 and MCD12Q1) from 2003 to 2013, as well as the slope and Pearson correlation analysis methods. Results indicate that:(1) TWS in about 77% of the study area decreased from 2003 to 2013. The total change volume of TWS is about 2915.6 × 108 m~3. The areas of decreased TWS are mainly distributed in the middle of Central Asia, while the areas of increased TWS are concentrated in the middle-altitude regions of the Kazakhstan hills and Tarim Basin.(2) TWS in about 5.91% of areas, mainly distributed in the mountain and piedmont zones, is significantly positively correlated with precipitation, while only 3.78% of areas show significant correlation between TWS and temperature. If the response time was delayed by three months, there would be a very good correlation between temperature and TWS.(3) There is a significantly positive relationship between TWS and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) in 13.35% of the study area.(4) The area of significantly positive correlation between TWS and evapotranspiration is about 31.87%, mainly situated in mountainous areas and northwestern Kazakhstan. The reduction of regional TWS is related to precipitation more than evaporation. Increasing farmland area may explain why some areas show increasing precipitation and decreasing evapotranspiration.(5) The influences of land use on TWS are still not very clear. This study could provide scientific data useful for the estimation of changes in TWS with climate change and human activities. 相似文献
7.
ZHOU Junju XUE Dongxiang YANG Lanting LIU Chunfang WEI Wei YANG Xuemei ZHAO Yaru 《地理学报(英文版)》2023,(11):2237-2261
Quantitative assessments of the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on runoff help us to better understand the mechanisms of hydrological processes. This study analyzed the dynamics of mountainous runoff in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River Basin(USRB) and its sub-catchments, and quantified the impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff using the improved double mass curve(IDMC) method, which comprehensively considers the effects of precipitation and evapotr... 相似文献
8.
The Yarlung Zangbo River (YR) is the highest great river in the world, and its basin is one of the centers of human economic activity in Tibet. Using 10 meteorological stations over the YR basin in 1961–2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The annual and four seasonal mean air temperature shows statistically significant increasing trend, the tendency is more significant in winter and fall. The warming in Lhasa river basin is most significant. (2) The precipitation is decreasing from the 1960s to the 1980s and increasing since the 1980s. From 1961 to 2005, the annual and four seasonal mean precipitation is increasing but not statistically significant, especially in fall and spring. The increasing precipitation rates are more pronounced in Niyangqu and Palong Zangbo river basins, the closer to the upper YR is, the less precipitation increasing rate would be. (3) The annual and four seasonal mean potential evapotranspiration has decreased, especially after the 1980s, and most of it happens in winter and spring. The decreasing trend is most significant in the middle YR and Nianchu river basin. (4) Compared with the Mt. Qomolangma region, Tibetan Plateau, China and global average, the magnitudes of warming trend over the YR basin since the 1970s exceed those areas in the same period, and compared with the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitudes of precipitation increasing and potential evapotranspiration decreasing are larger, suggesting that the YR basin is one of the most sensitive areas to global warming. 相似文献
9.
Possible change on the runoff in the upper Yellow River basin under global climate change 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
YongChao Lan Jun Wen JunJie Chang YeXin Xu YongPing Shen XingLin Hu JinQi Lu 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(2):0157-0164
In this study,the characteristics and changing trends of temperature,precipitation,and runoff in the upper Yellow River basin up Tangnag station are analyzed by using hydrological and meteorological data in the past 50 years from observation stations in the basin.Further,in this study,the evolving trend of runoff in the future decades is forecasted in the basin based on the method of suppositional climate scenes combination.The results indicate temperature variation in the basin has an evident positive relation with global warming,and the precipitation variations are quite complicated in the basin because of differences of located geographic positions during the past 50 years.Runoff in the basin has been decreasing continually since the end of the 1980s because the mean temperature in the basin has been rising and precipitation in the main areas of runoff formation in the basin has been decreasing.Runoff will largely decrease if precipitation decreases and temperature rises continuously,whereas runoff will increase if temperature is invariable and precipitation increases largely;the increase magnitude of runoff may be more than that of precipitation because of the synchronously increasing supply of meltwater from snow,glacier,and frozen soils in future several decades. 相似文献
10.
Groundwater resource is vital to the sustainable development of socio-economics in arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China. An estimation of the groundwater resources variation in Zhangye Basin was made during 1985–2013 based on long-term groundwater observation data and geostatistical method. The results show that from 1985 to 2013, groundwater storage exhibited tremendous dissimilarity on temporal and spatial scale for the whole Zhangye Basin, especially before and after implementation of the water diversion policy. Trend of groundwater storage varied from quick to slow decline or increase. The accumulative groundwater storage decreased nearly 47.52×10~8 m~3, and annual average depletion rate reached 1.64×10~8 m~3/a. Among which, the accumulative groundwater storage of the river and well water mixed irrigation district decreased by 37.48×10~8 m~3, accounting for about 78.87% of the total groundwater depletion of the Zhangye Basin. Accumulative depletion of groundwater storage varied in respective irrigation districts. Though groundwater resources depletion rate slowed down from 2005, the overall storage in the whole basin and respective districts during 1985–2013 was still in a severe deficit such that, the groundwater resource was in a rather negative balance, which could threaten the local aquifer. This is the joint effect of climate change and human activities, however human activities, such as water diversion policy and groundwater exploitation, became increasingly intense. Our research results could provide a reasonable estimation for the groundwater balance in Zhangye Basin, providing a scientific basis for water resources unified planning and, this method can provide a relatively reliable way of estimation for large scale groundwater resources. 相似文献
11.
皇甫川流域降水和人类活动对径流量变化的贡献率分析——累积量斜率变化率比较方法的提出及应用 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
随着全球或区域气候的变化,加上渐强的人类活动的影响,世界上一些河流的径流量发生了明显减小的变化趋势,这在干旱及半干旱地区的河流中尤其明显。在我国,北方干旱及半干旱地区河流的径流量的减小已经引起了严峻的生活及生态方面的问题。因此查明流域径流量的变化特征、趋势及分析其原因,是流域管理中面临的重要科学问题。该研究以黄河中游一级支流皇甫川流域为例,利用1960-2008 年的数据资料,采用累积距平方法、年际累积量方法,分析了该流域径流量和降水量的变化趋势,识别出径流量变化过程中1979 和1998 为其两个突变年份,而降水量变化过程中仅存在唯一的突变年份1979。利用统计分析法分别分析了1960-1979、1980-1997 和1998-2008 三个时期的累积径流量与年份之间的线性关系,以及1960-1979、1980-2008 两个时期累积降水量与年份之间的线性关系。采用本文提出的新的计算方法——累积量斜率变化率比较方法,以1960-1979 为基准期,在不考虑蒸散总量的影响时,计算得出皇甫川流域径流量减小的降水量和人类活动的相对贡献率在1980-1997 年间分别为36.43%和63.57%,在1998-2008 年间分别为16.81%和83.19%。该研究结果揭示了皇甫川流域近半个世纪以来径流量的变化趋势及其主要影响因素的贡献率,对于该流域未来水资源的开发利用具有重要指导作用。同时,所提出的定量研究方法可以应用在干旱—半干旱地区河流径流量变化及其影响因素的定量评估中。 相似文献
12.
未来气候变化对淮河流域径流深的影响 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
本文运用多元回归方法,建立有关气候-径流深的数学模型,并用该模型预测在未来气候变化的15种可能情景下淮河三个代表子流域径流深的变化。结果表明:年径流深随年降水量的增加而增加,随年均温度的升高而减少;不同流域对各种气候变化的响应存在着明显的差异,反映出整个淮河流域不同自然地理条件的影响;不同季节的径流深对各种气候变化的响应也存在明显的差异,体现了季风气候对径流的影响。文章还特别关注了暖干天气组合下径流深的变化,提出这种极端气候情景对工农业生产和国民经济建设有着严重的负面影响 相似文献
13.
Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961–2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station (Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method. The referenced period (1961–1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period (1981–2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961–2005 applying double accumulative curve method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. (2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities. (3) During 1981–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2005 and 1981–2005, the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×108, 0.28×108, 1.10×108 and 0.79×108 m3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period. 相似文献
14.
15.
研究渭河径流年内分配变化特征及其影响因子,有助于在区域视角下进一步掌握全球变暖与人类活动不断加剧背景下的水文响应。本文基于1960-2005年实测径流、面降雨以及潜在蒸发量的月序列数据,采用集中度与不均匀系数两个指标分析渭河径流年内分配特征的时空变化规律。运用Mann-Kendall法求算了渭河流域径流集中度与不均匀系数的变化趋势,采用启发式分割法诊断径流年内分配特征值的变异点,并运用累积量斜率变化率比较法定量计算气候变化与人类活动对径流年内分配特征变化的贡献率。结果表明:①渭河实测径流年内分配特征值的年变化过程呈现上升趋势,其中张家山站呈现显著上升趋势,该流域旱涝风险有所增加;②林家村与张家山站的实测径流年内分配特征值均存在1973年这一变异点,而华县站无变异点存在;③气候变化与人类活动影响对林家村站径流年内分配集中度与不均匀系数的贡献率分别为27.15%,72.85% 和12.10%,87.90%,而对张家山站的贡献率分别为39.11%,60.89%和33.73%,66.27%。人类活动是渭河实测径流年内分配特征变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
16.
Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation
trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961–2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis
of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station (Xiahui Station) located at the outlet of the drainage basin and
the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water
diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series
contrasting method. The referenced period (1961–1980) that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period
(1981–2005) that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to
the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961–2005 applying double accumulative curve
method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff
empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on
runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) The annual precipitation
in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff
from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. (2) The annual runoff variations in the drainage
basin are significantly related to human activities. (3) During 1981–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2005 and 1981–2005, the average
annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×108, 0.28×108, 1.10×108 and 0.79×108 m3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing
effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period. 相似文献
17.
石羊河中游径流损耗特征及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以石羊河中游为研究区域,分析了1956-2009年的径流损耗特征,通过相对损耗率和Fisher最优分割法等确定了人类活动对径流损耗的显著影响拐点为1975年,明确了人类活动影响下的径流突变点,修正了当前研究的不足。根据人类活动对径流影响的方式及强度,将近50多年的径流损耗划分为4个阶段,定量与定性相结合分析了1956-2009年不同代际的自然因素和人文因素对径流损耗的影响量和贡献率。结果表明:人类活动对石羊河中游径流损耗的影响于20世纪70年代中期以后显著增加;2000年之前人文因素贡献率不断增加,自然因素贡献率相应减少,且自然因素影响量与出山径流显著相关。20世纪90年代以来,人类活动与自然过程导致的径流损耗贡献率持平,1995-1999年人类活动影响量达到6.33亿m3/a,上游来水量的 62.31%被人类直接消耗,此时径流损耗的人文因素贡献率达最大值71.52%;之后开始逐渐降低,表明近年来石羊河中游人水系统矛盾有趋于缓和的迹象。 相似文献
18.
泾河合水川流域近50年径流演变特征及影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在泾河合水川流域1964~2011年的年降雨、径流变化特征分析基础上,利用Mann-Kendall法、双累计曲线法定量分析了其趋势及相互关系,并探讨了变化成因。结果表明,1964~2011年的年降雨量呈轻微下降趋势（P=0.52）,年变率-0.04 mm/a;径流深呈不显著下降趋势（P=0.97）,年变率-0.10 mm/a。变化趋势与泾河东北部、黄河河口-龙门区间西南部类似,与黄河中游其它子流域差异较大。二者突变年份分别为2000年和1978年。1964~1978年是该流域降雨-径流关系的天然时期,1979年后受水保工程修建、植被覆盖增加等人类活动影响,降雨-径流关系发生变化。 相似文献