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利用江西大岗山森林生态地面标准气象观测场内2019年度空气负离子和气象监测数据,分析了负离子浓度与气象因子之间的响应关系.结果表明:1)该地区年均负离子浓度1411.5个/cm3.夏季负离子浓度和温度呈负相关、和湿度呈正相关,在其余季节负离子浓度和温度呈正相关、与湿度呈负相关.2)无雨天与日降雨量少于50 mm的雨天,负离子浓度与温度呈负相关,与湿度呈正相关;暴雨天负离子浓度与温度呈正相关,与湿度呈较弱的负相关.3)不同季节,温度、湿度的大幅变化常伴随着负离子浓度的大幅变化,而温度、湿度变化较小时,负离子浓度的变化幅度也较小,说明温度、湿度的变化对负离子浓度的影响很大.4)暴雨过程中,负离子浓度随降水量的增加(减少)而增大(减小);暴雨发生时,负离子浓度急剧增大. 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2021,(3)
利用2012—2019年新疆伊犁河谷10个气象站逐小时降水资料,分析该区域不同季节降水的日变化特征。结果表明:(1)伊犁河谷春季、夏季和冬季的累计降水量日变化呈单峰型,秋季呈双峰型。四季累计降水量日变化的低值都出现在下午(15:00—19:00),高值时段在春季、秋季和冬季的上午(10:00—12:00),夏季高值出现在前半夜(22:00)。(2)同一季节累计降水频次和累计降水量的日变化特征类似,逐时平均降水量和降水频次峰值的空间分布均存在明显区域差异。(3)伊犁河谷四季均以短历时降水事件为主,该类事件在夏季出现比例最高(89%),冬季出现比例最低(70%),且短历时降水事件是夏季总降水量的主要贡献者,而长持续性降水事件是冬季总降水量的主要贡献者。(4)伊犁河谷四季降水的日循环与降水的持续性之间都存在密切关系,其中持续2～8 h和1～4 h的降水事件是春季和夏季降水量日变化峰值的主要贡献者,不同持续时间降水事件对秋季和冬季降水量日变化峰值的贡献大致相等。 相似文献
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利用2001—2014年湖北省77个气象观测站的整点逐时降水数据,通过划分不同区域和三种量级降水的方法,分析了夏季(6—8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明:1)湖北省夏季降水日变化特征非常明显,降水量曲线呈双峰结构,峰值出现在08时和17时(北京时间,下同),降水频次与降水强度均呈现"一主一次"的双峰结构,这主要与青藏高原东移来的天气系统自西向东的滞后性以及局地热力强迫有关,发生在傍晚(15—18时)的降水强度有明显的年际增强趋势。2)湖北省降水日变化特征区域差异显著,鄂西北与鄂西南降水峰值主要出现在傍晚和夜间,谷值出现在正午,鄂东三个区域的降水峰值出现在上午和傍晚,谷值出现在午夜。3)近14 a强度为0~20 mm/h的降水呈现减少趋势,主要发生在鄂西地区。其日变化曲线为"一主一次"的双峰结构,主(次)峰值出现在07(17)时。与之相反,短时强降水(≥20 mm/h)的发生概率东部大于西部,平原大于山区,有增加趋势的站点占总站点数的53.24%,峰(谷)值出现在17(12)时。短时特大强降水(≥50 mm/h)峰值出现在15—20时,03—14时出现概率较低。 相似文献
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利用湖南96个测站13年的逐时自记降水资料, 分析了夏季（6~8月）降水日变化特征。结果表明, 湖南夏季降水日变化呈现显著的区域差异。湘东南降水量、 降水频次峰值主要出现在午后到傍晚, 而其它地区的降水峰值一般出现在清晨。进一步分析显示, 降水频次峰值出现时次分布更集中, 区域特征更鲜明。湘西北、 湘东南区域平均的累积降水量、 降水频次及降水强度的日变化在清晨和午后均呈双峰型特征。湘西北主（次）峰值出现的时间大致与湘东南次（主）峰值出现的时间对应。同时, 降水日变化与降水持续时间密切相关。持续5~10 h降水事件是持续1~4 h事件与持续10 h以上事件降水量峰值出现时间发生显著变化的过渡降水事件。持续1~4 h（10 h以上）的降水事件的极值降水始发时间为午后至傍晚（夜间）。在不同持续时间的降水事件中, 持续2 h降水的累积量最大。 相似文献
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2008～2016年重庆地区降水时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2008~2016年国家气象信息中心提供的0.1°分辨率的中国地面与CMORPH融合逐小时降水产品,分析了重庆地区的降水时空分布特征,尤其是小时强降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)年均降水量总体呈西低东高分布,大值中心位于重庆东北和东南部,且存在一定的季节性差异,特别是夏季,西部降水明显增强,总降水呈两高(西部、东部)一低(中部)的分布;降水频次、降水强度与地形的相关性较高,海拔高度较高的山区(海拔高度>1000 m)降水频次多大于盆地和丘陵区(海拔高度<1000 m),降水强度与之相反,且小时强降水多发生在迎风坡前侧的过渡区域,说明高海拔区域易出现降水,但降水强度不强,而地形抬升则是触发强降水的重要原因,导致山前降水明显大于山峰。(2)重庆地区降水主要集中在5~9月,降水量、降水强度和小时强降水频次均呈单峰型分布,峰值出现在6~7月,降水频次呈双峰型分布,一个峰值出现在5~6月,另一个峰值出现在10月,7~8月为低频期,与副高控制下的连晴高温天气有关。(3)重庆地区降水存在明显的日变化特征,降水以夜雨为主,且降水峰值出现时间表现为向东延迟的特征,重庆西部日峰值出现在凌晨02:00(北京时,下同),中部出现在清晨05:00,东北部出现在早上08:00。从不同季节来看,春季、秋季和冬季降水日变化呈单峰型分布,主要集中在清晨,而夏季受午后局地对流性天气的影响,在下午17:00左右存在一个次峰值。(4)强降水的主要集中在夏季,在空间上存在三个大值中心,受西南涡及地形的相互作用,夏季在缙云山以西的盆地区域,小时强降水频次明显较高。 相似文献
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选取2007—2015年江西省1 895个地面气象站的降水观测资料,分别统计分析了20 mm≤1 h降水量＜30 mm、30 mm≤1 h降水量＜50 mm、1 h降水量≥50 mm、3 h降水量≥50 mm、6 h降水量≥50 mm短历时强降水的年际变化、季节变化、日变化和空间分布特征。结果表明： 1）从年际变化来看,1 h降水量≥20 mm短历时强降水的日数呈现增多的趋势。2）从季节变化来看,短历时强降水天气主要出现在4—9月,其中6月短历时强降水日数最多,1、2、12月最少;5—8月有超过80％的站点出现短历时强降水天气。3）从日变化来看,短历时强降水易发生在傍晚至上半夜时段,主峰值区出现在17—21时,次峰值出现在08—09时;4）从空间分布来看,不同降水强度的短历时强降水的发生日数均呈“西少东多”的空间分布特征,其中九江地区的降水日数偏少,抚州、鹰潭地区偏多。 相似文献
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使用2007—2017年京津冀地区156个气象站暖季（5—9月）逐小时降水观测数据,根据地形将研究区域分为6个分区,分析各分区降水量季节内变化和日变化特征,结果表明：1）京津冀的多雨区主要位于沿燕山南麓到太行山,存在多个降雨中心。2）各分区降水量季节内特征总体表现为单峰型,即7月降水量最大,7月第3候至8月第4候是主汛期,8月降水量次之,5月最少。3）降水呈夜间多,白天少的特点,7月初之前的前汛期降水多发生在16—21时;主汛期降水呈双峰型,峰值在17—22时,次峰值出现在00—07时;8月中旬以后的后汛期多夜间降水,峰值多出现在00—08时。4）高原山区多短历时降水,长历时累计降水对季节降水贡献率大值区位于平原地区,而持续性降水贡献率大值位于太行山区和燕山迎风坡的西部。 相似文献
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降水类天气对社会公众的日常生产生活具有显著影响,以德州市为例,利用2015—2017年德州市小雨、中雨、大雨、暴雨及雷电五类降水事件对应的"12121"拨打量数据,基于趋势分析方法和信息扩散理论,分析拨打量与降水量、降水时间的关系,研究社会公众对降水类天气气象风险的关注情况。结果表明,"12121"日拨打量大致呈"双峰型"变化趋势,峰值出现在上午7时和下午18—20时;"12121"拨打量在降水天气开始前两天逐渐增加,至降水当日呈显著增加趋势,降水开始前1 h达到最大值;"12121"拨打量年变化趋势与降水量年变化均呈显著的"单峰型"趋势,但拨打量峰值出现在6月,降水量峰值出现在8月;德州地区用户对大雨的关注度要明显高于其他降水类天气,收听12121的粉丝中随机忠诚的粉丝占比最高。分析结果可为提高公众气象服务的提前量和精确度提供科学参考。 相似文献
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资溪县城空气负离子特征及与气象因子相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对江西省资溪县连续608 d空气负离子日观测数据进行分析,结果表明:资溪县城空气负离子浓度平均值为4103个/cm3;负离子浓度有明显的日变化规律,早晨最高,为4569个/cm3,中午最低,为3411个/cm3;负离子浓度还具有明显的季节变化规律,春季最高,5月平均为5283个/cm3,秋季最小,10月平均只有2709个/cm3。负离子浓度与气象因子关系密切,其中与日照时数呈现出极显著的线性负相关,相关性F值为14.12,与降水量有显著的线性正相关;F值为3.484,与日平均气温、相对湿度的线性相关均不显著。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献