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1.
基于米兰科维奇理论的高精度旋回识别与划分--以南图尔盖盆地Ary301井中侏罗统为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
将天文轨道周期与不同级别的旋回联系起来,旨在使米兰科维奇周期这一高精度时间标尺纳入高频层序地层划分中,实现高精度旋回的识别与划分。以哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地Aryskum地堑Ary301井为例,基于不同沉积特征,分别对卡拉甘塞组I~IV段自然伽马测井数据进行频谱分析和连续小波变换,结果显示沉积地层中保存完好的米兰科维奇旋回,天文轨道周期对Aryskum地堑沉积过程具有明显影响,并将31.9~39.5 m旋回厚度解释为受400 kyr长偏心率周期控制,11.9~14.2 m,6.7~8.8 m旋回厚度分别受125 kyr和95 kyr短偏心率周期控制。对长、短偏心率周期进行滤波分析后,与天文模型理论周期曲线进行对比,建立卡拉甘塞组的浮动天文年代标尺,分别以400 kyr、125 kyr偏心率周期滤波曲线作为中期和短期旋回划分的参考曲线,共识别出11.5个中期旋回和47个短期旋回,为高频旋回划分提供了一种不受人为因素影响的天然标准,保证了研究区旋回划分的科学性和统一性。 相似文献
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显生宙沉积旋回会受到地球轨道参数偏心率、地轴斜率和岁差的周期性变化(米兰科维奇旋回)的控制,但目前对前寒武系的相关研究较为薄弱。天津蓟县剖面中元古界洪水庄组-铁岭组为一套潟湖-潮坪相沉积,主要呈砂岩-页岩互层的韵律性产出。为探索这种岩性韵律是否与轨道旋回有关,对其进行了高分辨率的岩性刻画,并以磁化率和伽马能谱数据作为古气候-古环境替代性指标,通过频谱分析等方法进行旋回地层学分析。结果表明各指标均记录了完整的米兰科维奇旋回。铁岭组一段下部由短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的地层旋回厚度分别为1.2~1.5 m、0.4 m和0.17~0.19 m,其中0.1 m的半岁差周期也较明显;洪水庄组二段顶部由长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差控制的地层旋回厚度分别为1.1~1.8 m、0.34~0.54 m、0.14~0.16 m和0.08~0.09 m。以识别出的稳定长偏心率周期405 ka旋回对洪水庄组进行了天文年代校准,并估计出当时的短偏心率、斜率以及岁差周期分别为100 ka、22~24 ka和15 ka。在洪水庄组中记录的偏心率振幅变化周期为~2 Ma,比现今~2.4 Ma的周期略短。 相似文献
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青藏高原中部尼玛盆地是一个形成于班公湖-怒江缝合带之上的新生代陆相裂谷盆地。交通不便和勘探程度较低等因素导致其高精度沉积旋回特征和地层学一直鲜有研究。尼1井是盆地内第一口地质探井,通过对该井古近系牛堡组三段的自然伽马测井曲线进行频谱分析,证实了天文轨道周期对盆地内湖相地层的沉积具有显著影响。滤波分析显示牛堡组三段保存了41个短偏心率(～100 kyr)周期,76个斜率(～54 kyr)周期和178个岁差(～23 kyr)周期,平均沉积速率为92.03m/Ma,沉积时限～4.1 Myr。此外,结合Fischer图解与总有机碳含量的变化趋势,确定牛堡组三段湖平面经历了1次长周期的升-降变化过程。综合分析,认为尼玛盆地优质烃源岩的形成主要受天文旋回周期影响下的湖平面变化所控制。 相似文献
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基于测井曲线频谱分析柴达木盆地西部七个泉地区上、下油砂山组米兰科维奇旋回特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
七个泉地区位于柴达木盆地西北缘,由于毗邻阿尔金断裂带等原因,地层较为复杂,高精度的沉积旋回研究较薄弱且鲜有讨论。对柴达木盆地西部七深2井自然伽马测井数据进行了频谱分析及滤波分析,分析结果表明中高频旋回厚度比值与天文轨道周期比值具有良好的对应性,在论证了沉积速率之后,表明柴西七个泉地区上、下油砂山组地层中较好地保存了米兰科维奇旋回。其中上油砂山组短偏心率,轴斜率长周期、短周期,岁差长周期、短周期所控制的沉积旋回厚度分别为11.38,5.92,5.10,2.35,2.11m;下油砂山组短偏心率,轴斜率长周期、短周期,岁差长周期、短周期所控制的沉积旋回厚度分别为8.17,4.45,3.27,1.85,1.51m。 相似文献
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陆相红层因为其含古生物化石稀少给高精度生物、年代地层的对比带来了较大的困难。旋回地层学可以将地层与地时结合起来,解决地层沉积的时限问题。基于前人在对胶莱盆地K/Pg界线识别的基础上,主要利用了一维连续小波变换尺度分析法与频谱分析法对胶莱盆地胶州组K/Pg界线之下、晚白垩世红土崖组玄武岩夹层之上的陆相红层进行旋回地层分析,认为胶莱盆地晚白垩世的陆相红层中保存有米兰科维奇旋回,岁差、斜率和偏心率各个周期在不同的层段响应程度略有不同。根据旋回识别结果及K/Pg界线建立了“浮动天文年代标尺”,推测在66~67.77 Ma期间,胶莱盆地陆相红层的平均沉积速率约为5.15 cm/kyr,胶州地区［（67.77~73）±0.3］ Ma期间为玄武岩岩浆冷凝固结形成玄武岩进而遭受风化剥蚀及构造沉降的时期,红土崖组与胶州组的时间界线约为67.28 Ma,红土崖组玄武岩夹层的年龄应早于67.77 Ma。 相似文献
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与古气候和古环境息息相关的有机质发育特征的高精度预测,是油气地质研究的核心和难点,对中—低勘探程度沉积盆地常规油气或中高勘探程度沉积盆地中非常规油气的高效评价部署具有重要意义。本研究利用旋回地层学、地球化学技术,通过东营凹陷FY1井古近系沙河街组三段下亚段的高频旋回地层划分和古环境、古气候、有机质地球化学、矿物学分析,探索陆相泥页岩有机质在不同尺度旋回地层中的富集规律。结果表明: (1)在东营凹陷古近系沙三下亚段中识别出2个1.2 Ma超长斜率旋回、5个400 ka长偏心率旋回、21个96 ka短偏心率旋回、42个51 ka斜率旋回、103个19 ka岁差旋回。结合前期研究成果,以1.2 Ma、400 ka、96 ka波形曲线为依据,识别出2个长期、6个中期、21个短期基准面旋回; (2)东营凹陷沙三下亚段沉积时期古环境恢复与TOC数据对比分析证明,古气候演化与有机质富集之间基本同步,均受控于天文旋回,即超长斜率增大或长偏心率增大时期,气候温暖湿润,基准面升高,地层还原性增强,有利于有机质富集; (3)有机质的富集主要取决于古气候温暖湿润程度控制的古生产力和湖盆水体深度控制的有机质保存环境,长期与中期尺度旋回对有机质富集的控制程度高于短期旋回,因此在长期、中期尺度上,可以旋回波形曲线为依据进行古环境恢复和富有机质层的厘定。 相似文献
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华南上奥陶统宝塔组天文年代格架及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对华南四川盆地及周缘地区的四川省南江县桥亭剖面、重庆市南川区三泉剖面和贵州省习水县良村剖面上奥陶统宝塔组高分辨率磁化率(MS)数据进行了旋回地层学分析,识别出405 ka长偏心率、100 ka短偏心率、30 ka斜率和20 ka岁差沉积旋回,其中偏心率和岁差旋回信号最强。利用405 ka长偏心率旋回进行天文调谐后得出三条剖面宝塔组的沉积时限分别为4.17 Ma、5.64 Ma和5.05 Ma,平均沉积速率分别为7.67 m·Ma-1、4.68 m·Ma-1 和6.37 m·Ma-1,呈现出从北往南沉积时限变长,沉积速率变小的趋势,指示了北部接受沉积时间要比南部更晚,海侵从南向北推进。良村剖面宝塔组中所产牙形石Hamarodus brevirameus带和Protopanderodus insculptus带的延续时限分别为3.62 Ma和1.43 Ma;桥亭剖面三叶虫Niuchangella angustilimbata间隔带、Dislobosaspis xixiangensis延限带和未建带的延续时限分别是2.83 Ma、0.41 Ma和0.81 Ma。 相似文献
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选择黔西地区盘1井、威宁1井、纳雍1井和织金1井,对长兴组自然伽马测井数据进行频谱分析,识别出其中的米兰科维奇周期,并采用滤波手段提取出其中的稳定周期,进行连井对比。结果表明频谱峰值与米兰科维奇周期存在良好的对应关系,研究区长兴组地层中保存着123. 0 ka的偏心率周期、45. 0 ka和35. 6 ka的斜率周期、21. 2 ka和17. 7 ka的岁差周期,各级周期的旋回厚度分别为4. 59~5. 73 m、1. 37~2. 15 m和0. 66~0. 98 m;各井的短偏心率旋回曲线显示研究区长兴组地层记录了约18个短偏心率旋回,据此估计出长兴组沉积时限约为2. 21 Ma;通过短偏心率旋回层和所计算沉积速率的连井对比,发现地层中海相标志岩层段等时性对比效果明显,反映了区域快速海侵的过程,而沉积速率的变化可能受到了海平面变化和物源供应的共同影响。 相似文献
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大庆长垣姚家组高频层序地层与米兰科维奇旋回对应性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选取典型取心井对大庆长垣姚家组进行高频层序划分,共识别出98个超短期旋回,33个短期旋回,9个中期旋回和3个长期旋回。同时大庆长垣姚家组自然伽马曲线频谱分析结果表明,该地层中很好地保存了米兰科维奇旋回。其中,偏心率短周期引起的沉积旋回厚度为2.679～3.972 m,地轴倾角周期引起的沉积旋回厚度为1.379～2.131 m,岁差周期引起的沉积旋回厚度为0.601～0.901 m。高频层序与米兰科维奇旋回之间存在着较好的一致性,高频层序中期旋回、短期旋回和超短期旋回大致分别与米兰科维奇旋回的偏心率长周期、偏心率短周期以及岁差周期对应。地球轨道变化所引起的湖平面变化是高频层序形成的主控因素。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献