共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
在地震勘探中,地形起伏和近地表速度的剧烈变化会导致地震波旅行时的扰动,通常会通过折射波信息来估算和消除这些扰动.本文在虚折射的基础上提出了逆虚折射干涉法,通过虚折射波场和原始折射波场的互相关,并对所有位于固定相位点上的检波点进行叠加,重构出逆虚折射波场.通过逆虚折射与超级虚折射的叠加,保证了不同偏移距下折射波振幅恢复的一致性,显著提高折射波的信噪比,有效提取弱信号.同时,本文采用反褶积干涉法来压制由于互相关和褶积产生的子波旁瓣的影响,弥补低频和高频能量的损失,改善恢复的折射波场的稳定性和分辨率.该新方法不需要知道近地表复杂速度模型的信息,可以将虚折射的勘探孔径恢复到原始地震记录的最大孔径.合成资料和实际资料的计算结果表明,基于反褶积的逆虚折射干涉法能够从低信噪比的资料中,有效恢复出折射波信息. 相似文献
2.
初至拾取是起伏地表地震资料处理的关键环节,直接影响近地表建模的精度及静校正效果,但起伏地表资料极低的信噪比使传统的自动初至拾取算法几乎失效,而手动拾取要耗费巨大的人工和时间成本。本文研究了改进超虚干涉法,结合多道多域初至质量监控技术,实现起伏地表资料初至波自动拾取。改进超虚干涉法首次将近地表散射波纳入干涉法提高信噪比的范围,并通过折射波和散射波的线性组合使干涉法适用于起伏地表条件下任意复杂射线路径的初至波类型;提出反向干涉和多域干涉的概念,显著增强了所估计的虚源信号;使用波形反褶积滤波器较好地抑制了干涉导致的"假事件"的形成;采用多道多域初至质量监控技术,实现错误"假事件"初至的自动归位,提高了拾取初至的稳定性。本文研究的初至波自动拾取理论与技术具有突出的鲁棒性和稳定批量处理大量实际三维地震数据的能力,在中国西部山区三维地震勘探数据处理的应用效果显著,质量优于某常用商业软件。 相似文献
3.
静校正和近地表速度建模是地震资料处理的重要组成部分.在近地表复杂区,静校正问题和近地表速度建模问题表现尤为突出.本文利用地震干涉测量在波场重构方面的优势,给出了一种同时避免静校正和近地表速度建模过程的方法,直接由重构的SWP波场来成像高陡构造.文中首先阐述了地震干涉测量的原理,给出了VSP波场向SWP波场重构的数学表达式;接着,采用几种不同的近地表模型,对比VSP波场向SWP波场重构的效果;最后,建立局部速度模型,直接利用重构的SWP波场进行偏移处理,完成高陡构造成像.模型试验结果表明该方法的可行性,有利于实现复杂地表区深层高陡构造的成像. 相似文献
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5.
地震干涉是近几年勘探地球物理领域研究的一个热点方向,它是波场重构的有力工具.然而,地震干涉往往引入虚假同相轴,影响波场重构的质量.为进一步分析虚假同相轴产生的原因并改善波场重构的质量,本文基于稳相分析,详细探讨子波主频、激发炮数、检波器埋深、检波器间距和地层倾角五个因素对波场重构的影响.模型结果表明,震检排列方式和地层倾角等因素通过改变有限震检范围内稳相点的位置来影响波场重构的质量.将垂直地震剖面VSP中的下行直达波与下行反射波进行地震干涉处理,可有效重构来自高陡反射面的下行反射波,将传统的VSP转化为单井地震剖面SWP.直接利用重构SWP波场进行成像,不仅扩大传统VSP的成像范围,而且避免常规勘探面临的静校正和近地表速度建模问题,为高陡构造成像提供一种新方法. 相似文献
6.
介绍了差分干涉测量的原理、差分干涉数据对的选取方法,以及三轨法差分干涉测量数据处理的流程.利用星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉(D-InSAR)测量技术和ENVISAT ASAR雷达数据对2003年12月26日伊朗Bam 6.5级地震引起的地表形变场进行了测量试验,成功地获取了Bam地震的蝴蝶状的同震形变场生成了地表形变的等值线图,并且根据相干图确定了地震造成破坏最严重的区域的位置、分布及面积.试验证明D-InSAR技术是地表形变测量和地震研究的一个强大和有效的工具. 相似文献
7.
雷达差分干涉测量（DINSAR）技术能够精确测量雷达视线向的地表形变量的特性，使其成为一种新兴的地表形变遥感测量方法。2001年11月14日发生的昆仑山口西8．1级大地震是近50年来发生在我国大陆的最大规模地震。地震造成的断裂带长度约350km。文中以断裂带最西端的震中地区为实验区，选取多时相ERS-2 SAR影像和航天飞机SRTM DEM数据，采用二路重轨雷达差分干涉处理方法提取了地震形变信息并进行了对比验证。研究结果表明，采用外部DEM的二路差分方法在地形起伏大的高山地区较为有效，且昆仑山地震太阳湖南侧地震破裂带是左旋性质的。 相似文献
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随着能源和资源勘查开采工作的深入,地形强烈起伏的盆山耦合地区的地震资料处理解释技术正日益成为山地地震勘探面临的重要挑战.逆时偏移方法作为精确的地震偏移成像方法之一,能对地下结构进行高精度成像.逆时偏移的核心是地震波场延拓,由于传统的地震波场延拓技术往往基于水平地表条件,相应的方法在直接处理强地形起伏条件下的地震资料时往往存在一定的精度损失.本文引入一种精度无损的处理起伏边界的模型参数化方法：基于贴体网格的地形"平化"策略发展了与地形有关的地震波波动方程数值模拟方法,采用零延迟归一化互相关成像条件实现了起伏地表条件下的弹性波场逆时偏移成像.对工业界的标准Marmousi模型和盐丘模型进行改造,获得了相应起伏地形条件下的复杂几何模型,开展了起伏地表下的地震偏移成像数值试验.结果表明基于贴体网格"平化"策略的逆时偏移成像方法具有较高的灵活性,可适应不同类型起伏地表采集的地震资料,显示出该方法在地震勘探领域的良好应用前景. 相似文献
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瑞利面波在起伏地形下传播的特性不仅与介质性质有关,而且与地形起伏程度有关.目前,国内外对水平地形下瑞利面波频散特性研究较为成熟,但对起伏地形下瑞利面波的频散研究较少.由于地形影响,面波和体波是耦合在一起的,完备的理论尚在探索中.本文以水平地形瑞利面波传播理论为基础展开起伏地形下瑞利面波传播特性研究.首先应用二维有限元数值模拟方法,基于波场快照和合成地表地震记录研究了起伏地形条件下瑞利面波波场的传播特征.在此基础上,研究了起伏地形引起的波场畸变对多道瑞利面波速度频散分析的影响.研究表明:由于起伏地形对波场能量的散射和反射产生传播波的模式转换,导致起伏地形远场为瑞利面波和转换S波叠加的复杂波场,该复杂波场会影响多道瑞利面波的速度频散特征.当地形高差小于0.2个优势波长时,地形影响较小可以近似忽略;而当地形高差接近或大于面波的优势波长时,地形影响较大,在资料解释需考虑. 相似文献
10.
我们发展了一种模拟复杂地表下含裂缝介质地震波场的方法,这对于解释山地地区的地震资料具有重要意义。基于Coates-Schoenberg方法,把裂缝引入到有限差分法(FD)中,从而使包含裂缝的单元里的弹性介质就具有了局部的各向异性。为了模拟起伏的地表地形,我们借助于贴体网格,将笛卡尔坐标系的具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性介质(HTI)的弹性波方程和自由边界条件变换到曲线坐标系中,采用一种稳定的、显式的二阶精度的有限差分方法离散(曲线坐标系)HTI介质中的弹性波方程。数值实例充分地展现了在不规则地球表面的影响下裂缝介质中地震波传播的复杂性。合成地震记录和波场快照表明裂缝端点产生的散射波在地表处会受不规则地表地形的作用,再次被散射;同理,地表地形产生的散射波,经过裂缝端点时也会被再次散射,尤其是瑞利面波产生的散射波,因其能量很强,严重污染了地震记录,使得识别地下裂缝等产生的有效信息变得异常困难。这对山地地震勘探中资料的解释具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Scattered ground roll is a type of noise observed in land seismic data that can be particularly difficult to suppress. Typically, this type of noise cannot be removed using conventional velocity‐based filters. In this paper, we discuss a model‐driven form of seismic interferometry that allows suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise in land seismic data. The conventional cross‐correlate and stack interferometry approach results in scattered noise estimates between two receiver locations (i.e. as if one of the receivers had been replaced by a source). For noise suppression, this requires that each source we wish to attenuate the noise from is co‐located with a receiver. The model‐driven form differs, as the use of a simple model in place of one of the inputs for interferometry allows the scattered noise estimate to be made between a source and a receiver. This allows the method to be more flexible, as co‐location of sources and receivers is not required, and the method can be applied to data sets with a variety of different acquisition geometries. A simple plane‐wave model is used, allowing the method to remain relatively data driven, with weighting factors for the plane waves determined using a least‐squares solution. Using a number of both synthetic and real two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) land seismic data sets, we show that this model‐driven approach provides effective results, allowing suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise without having an adverse effect on the underlying signal. 相似文献
12.
Consistency of the spatial autocorrelation method with seismic interferometry and its consequence 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We have cross‐checked the conventional theory of the spatial autocorrelation method and the consequence of seismic interferometry: the retrieval of the elastodynamic Green's function. Their mutual consistency is almost complete. The basic formulas of the conventional spatial autocorrelation theory can be derived by an alternative approach based on the retrieval of the elastodynamic Green's function. The only discrepancy is found with the average of the complex coherence function over azimuth in a wavefield dependent on azimuth. It is hypothesized, in discussion, that this discrepancy is due to the way of representing the wavefield in the background theory of seismic interferometry that can produce only wavefields moderately dependent on azimuth and that the mentioned consequence of seismic interferometry can also only make sense in a wavefield moderately dependent on azimuth. Our field experiment with a wavefield dependent on azimuth showed that the consequence of seismic interferometry in the logical framework of the conventional spatial autocorrelation theory is appropriate under such degrees of approximation as the measure proposed in this study, i.e., the deviation of the total dispersion curves is between about 10 and 16 per cent at the maximum from those averaged over azimuth. The acceptance of the retrieval of Green's function gives a proper physical meaning to the complex coherence function: the real part of the elastodynamic Green's function normalized by its zero‐offset version. This makes it possible to take a deterministic approach rather than the statistical one on which the conventional spatial autocorrelation method is based and gives fruitful new aspects and perspectives. For example, the formula for the multi‐mode case is given and the possibility of exploration of two or three dimensional velocity structures is suggested. 相似文献
13.
多尺度形态学在地震去噪中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper, multi-scaled morphology is introduced into the digital processing domain for land seismic data. First, we describe the basic theory of multi-scaled morphology image decomposition of exploration seismic waves; second, we illustrate how to use multi-scaled morphology for seismic data processing using two real examples. The first example demonstrates suppressing the surface waves in pre-stack seismic records using multi-scaled morphology decomposition and reconstitution and the other example demonstrates filtering different interference waves on the seismic record. Multi-scaled morphology filtering separates signal from noise by the detailed differences of the wave shapes. The successful applications suggest that multi-scaled morphology has a promising application in seismic data processing. 相似文献
14.
井间地震资料具有极高的分辨率,但是,其波场十分复杂,特别是有效一次反射波场能量较弱,且往往被管波等强相干干扰淹没,波场的识别与分离难度较大.地震物理模拟技术是认识复杂地震波场的有效手段.我们通过单一地质体模型、复杂地质体模型和真实井间模拟模型等多种逼真地质模型的物理模拟,揭示了井间地震观测下直达波、透射波、反射波、折射波,多次波和导波等各类波型的特征.物理模拟试验表明,在炮检域平面上分析直达波的信噪比与能量分布,可以使处理人员对旅行时的误差有更直观的认识.所以识别初至与拾取旅行时间时,不仅要在共震源点道集(CSG)上分析拾取,而且还要在共炮检距道集(COG)上分析拾取,这样就提高了直达波识别的可靠性与拾取时间的精度. 相似文献
15.
Flavio Poletto Cinzia Bellezza Kees Wapenaar Aronne Craglietto 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(5):838-854
We formulate the Kirchhoff‐Helmholtz representation theory for the combination of seismic interferometry signals synthesized by cross‐correlation and by cross‐convolution in acoustic media. The approach estimates the phase of the virtual reflections from the boundary encompassing a volume of interest and subtracts these virtual reflections from the total seismic‐interferometry wavefield. The reliability of the combination result, relevant for seismic exploration, depends on the stationary‐phase and local completeness in partial coverage regions. The analysis shows the differences in the phase of the corresponding seismic interferometry (by cross‐correlation) and virtual reflector (by cross‐convolution) signals obtained by 2D and 3D formulations, with synthetic examples performed to remove water layer multiples in ocean bottom seismic (OBS) acoustic data. 相似文献
16.
高铁运行会引起铁轨的震动,从而产生地震波向地下介质中传播,通过研究该地震波可对高铁沿线的地质情况进行持续监测.与常规地震勘探中的震源相比,高铁地震中的震源较为复杂,为移动震源,而地震干涉技术可以通过地震记录间的相互干涉,消除震源的影响,因此可利用地震干涉技术对高铁地震信号进行处理并成像.本文通过分析研究,总结出地震干涉方法在处理高铁地震数据时的关键技术问题:不同于常规地震干涉中先干涉后叠加的干涉成像方式,高铁地震移动源的特点使得干涉顺序变为先叠加后干涉,由此带入了大量震源串扰噪声;初步提出两种解决高铁地震干涉成像的思路:通过对高铁地震信号的处理,使高铁变相"提速"或"降速",给出了"提速"或"降速"后各自的成像思路,并给出了数据处理的技术设想. 相似文献
17.
We use controlled-source seismic interferometry (SI) and inversion in a unique way to estimate the location of near-surface scatterers and a corner diffractor by using non-physical (ghost) scattered surface and body waves. The ghosts are arrivals obtained by SI due to insufficient destructive interference in the summation process of correlated responses from a boundary of enclosing sources. Only one source at the surface is sufficient to obtain the ghost scattered wavefield. We obtain ghost scattered waves for several virtual-source locations. To determine the location of the scatterer, we invert the obtained ghost traveltimes by solving the inverse problem. We demonstrate the method using scattered surface waves. We perform finite-difference numerical simulations of a near-surface scatterer starting with a very simple model and increase the complexity by including lateral inhomogeneity. Especially for the model with lateral variations, we show the effectiveness of the method and demonstrate the estimation of the subsurface location of a corner diffractor using S-waves. In all models we obtain very good estimations of the location of the scatterer. 相似文献
18.
We apply interferometric theory to solve a three‐dimensional seismic residual statics problem to improve reflection imaging. The approach calculates the static solutions without picking the first arrivals from the shot or receiver gathers. The static correction accuracy can be significantly improved by utilising stacked virtual refraction gathers in the calculations. Shots and receivers may be placed at any position in a three‐dimensional seismic land survey. Therefore, it is difficult to determine stationary shots and receivers to form the virtual refraction traces that have identical arrival times, as in a two‐dimensional scenario. To overcome this problem, we use a three‐dimensional super‐virtual interferometry method for residual static calculations. The virtual refraction for a stationary shot/receiver pair is obtained via an integral along the receiver/shot lines, which does not require knowledge of the stationary locations. We pick the maximum energy times on the interferometric stacks and solve a set of linear equations to derive reliable residual static solutions. We further apply the approach to both synthetic and real data. 相似文献
19.
《应用地球物理》2006,3(3):163-168
In multi-component seismic exploration, the horizontal and vertical components both contain P- and SV-waves. The P- and SV-wavefields in a seismic record can be separated by their horizontal and vertical displacements when upgoing P- and SV-waves arrive at the sea floor. If the sea floor P wave velocity, S wave velocity, and density are known, the separation can be achieved in ther-p domain. The separated wavefields are then transformed to the time domain. A method of separating P- and SV-wavefields is presented in this paper and used to effectively separate P- and SV-wavefields in synthetic and real data. The application to real data shows that this method is feasible and effective. It also can be used for free surface data. 相似文献