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1.
云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床硫同位素和稀土元素地球化学研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床规模大、品位富、伴生有用元素多 ,暗示其成矿环境较为特殊。本文分析该矿床原生矿体中矿石矿物的硫同位素组成和脉石矿物方解石的 REE含量 ,结合前人的碳、氢、氧、铅同位素分析资料和成矿年代测试结果 ,探讨矿床成矿流体的来源。矿床原生矿体中的硫化物均富集重硫 ,其δ34 S值集中于13‰～ 17‰之间 ,且有 δ34 S黄铁矿 >δ34 S闪锌矿 >δ34 S方铅矿 ,表明成矿流体的硫已达到平衡 ;硫化物的 δ34 S值与矿区和区域地层中膏盐层的δ34 S值相近 ,暗示成矿流体中的硫主要来自地层海相硫酸盐的还原 ,热化学还原是地层海相硫酸盐形成还原态硫的主要还原机制。矿区脉石矿物方解石的 REE含量相对高于本区各时代碳酸盐地层 ,低于非碳酸盐地层和峨眉山玄武岩 ,其 REE配分模式和有关 REE参数也与地层和峨眉山玄武岩存在明显差异 ;进一步分析结果显示 ,矿床成矿流体是一种壳 -幔混合流体 ,伴随峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动过程中地幔流体 (包括地幔去气和岩浆去气形成的流体 )参与了矿床成矿流体的形成 相似文献
2.
位于广西右江盆地北东侧的丹池成矿带是中国南方重要的有色金属矿集区,箭猪坡矿床是其南段五圩矿田中规模最大、成矿特征最具代表性的大型铅-锌-锑多金属矿床,由长期开采的脉状铅-锌-锑矿体和新发现的似层状锡多金属矿体组成。通过闪锌矿的微量、稀土元素和氢-氧同位素分析,对比研究2类矿体成矿特征的差异,进一步探讨成矿流体来源及矿床成因类型。分析结果显示:箭猪坡矿床不同类型矿体中闪锌矿均相对富集Fe、Cu、Pb、Sn、Sb,亏损Ga、Ge、Co、Ni,与典型的岩浆热液型矿床相似。同时,似层状矿体中稀土元素总量(∑REE=12.80×10-6～44.31×10-6)高于脉状矿体(∑REE=3.34×10-6),具有明显的轻、重稀土元素分馏和Eu亏损。闪锌矿氢-氧同位素分析结果中,脉状矿体δD=-81.8‰～-69.2‰,δ18O=2.1‰～-5.2‰;似层状矿体δD=-109.4‰～-75.2‰,δ18O=-4.0‰～-4.0‰,指示2类矿体的成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水不同比例的混合流体。以... 相似文献
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湘西—黔东是我国重要的铅锌成矿区,具有类似的成矿地质背景。但是,贵州境内铅锌矿化的规模远不如湘西,何种原因导致这种差异性成矿尚不清楚。本文开展黔东卜口场、嗅脑和克麻铅锌矿床成矿期热液方解石稀土元素(REE)研究,并与区带上(花垣、牛角塘)和国内典型超大型铅锌矿床(会泽、金顶)进行对比,为认识成矿物质来源提供制约。卜口场、嗅脑和克麻矿床方解石具有一致的REE_(SN)配分模式,其ΣREE含量低(1.6×10~(-6)～22.5×10~(-6)),轻、重稀土分异不明显,有弱负Ce异常(δCe_(SN)=0.62～0.81)和正Gd和Y异常(δGd_(SN)=0.78～1.23;δY_(SN)=0.99～1.78),指示成矿流体中的REE主要来源于赋矿围岩寒武系第二统清虚洞组碳酸盐岩。花垣和牛角塘矿床方解石ΣREE含量较高(平均为28×10~(-6)和24×10~(-6)),暗示富REE流体加入或者成矿流体与REE含量高的基底岩石发生过水岩反应。金顶和会泽矿床方解石ΣREE最高(平均为78×10~(-6)和73×10~(-6)),具有正Eu异常(δEu_(SN)平均值为1.11和1.55),指示成矿流体在地壳深部或基底经历过高温水岩作用。综合分析认为,黔东铅锌矿床成矿流体主要来自赋矿的碳酸盐岩地层,而花垣、牛角塘、会泽和金顶铅锌矿床的成矿流体具有多源性或与富REE的基底岩石发生过强烈水岩反应,这可能是超大型-大型铅锌矿床形成的重要诱因。 相似文献
4.
贵州紫云方解石矿床是在贵州西南部新发现的非金属矿床,方解石矿体呈脉状、透镜状和似层状产出。对紫云火山关、达则等方解石矿床开展同位素地球化学及微量元素、稀土元素研究,结果表明碳、氧同位素显示成矿物质来源于海相碳酸盐岩,成矿流体以富含HCO3-为主,大气水参与成矿,与岩浆作用关系不大。其中达则矿段相对于围岩,成矿物质具有较高的Sr、Zn和Ni含量,稀土元素配分曲线明显区别于围岩,δEu显示正异常等特征,暗示可能有深部流体参与成矿。火山关、打劳等其他矿段,矿体和围岩具有相似的稀土配分模式和∑REE变化规律,表明成矿物质来源于碳酸盐岩围岩。通过区域成矿作用比较,认为成矿时代可能属于印支—燕山期。 相似文献
5.
滇西大平掌铜多金属矿床火山喷流沉积原因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
大平掌矿床由上部层状块状硫化物矿体和下部细脉浸染状矿体组成,双层结构清楚。块状矿体中发育典型的草莓状和鲕状硫化物。成矿地质背景和矿石中的金属元素及REE配分形式、S同位素组成、流体包裹体特征等均与黑矿型矿床及现代海底热液活动区硫化物矿床相似。矿床典型的火山喷流沉积成因。 相似文献
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本文旨在对江西省全南县青龙山萤石矿床的地球化学特征及成因进行探讨,通过对青龙山萤石矿区矿石和围岩样品进行稀土元素分析,青龙山萤石矿矿石的∑REE平均含量为88.186×10-6,δEu为0.23～0.61,δCe为0.78～0.91;围岩的∑REE平均含量为184.52×10-6,δEu为0.31～0.69,δCe为0.85～1,萤石矿石和围岩的稀土元素配分模式具有相似性和同步性,呈轻稀土相对富集的右倾型,Eu中等亏损,Ce弱亏损。矿石与围岩的稀土地球化学研究显示,该萤石矿床至少存在两个成矿期次,为岩浆热液成矿,成矿环境为稳定的较还原条件,成矿流体温度在200℃左右。 相似文献
7.
贵州竹林沟锗锌矿床碳酸盐矿物学和矿物化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以碳酸盐岩为容矿岩石的后生热液铅锌矿床(Mississippi Valley-type,MVT矿床)是世界上一种重要的铅锌矿床类型,也是锗的重要工业来源之一。热液碳酸盐矿物是MVT矿床中最主要的脉石矿物,其形成贯穿整个MVT矿床成矿过程。因此,碳酸盐矿物携带丰富的成矿信息,是认识MVT矿床成因的重要补充。位于贵州省贵定县境内的竹林沟锗锌矿床,是近年来新发现的富锗锌矿床(平均品位97.9×10~(-6)Ge,6.54%Zn),赋存于泥盆系碳酸盐岩中。本次工作发现该矿床不同期次热液白云石的矿物学和微量元素地球化学特征存在明显差异:成矿期前白云石(Dol1)主要呈细脉状穿插围岩,被成矿期白云石和硫化物脉穿插,部分呈细粒状被后期白云石包裹;成矿早期白云石(Dol2)主要呈粗粒状,与闪锌矿共生;主成矿期白云石(Dol3)主要呈脉状、团块状,与闪锌矿和黄铁矿共生;成矿晚期白云石(Dol4)呈团块状充填于闪锌矿矿石或者围岩中;成矿期后白云石(Dol5)呈脉状穿插或包裹其它期次白云石/闪锌矿-黄铁矿条带。C-O同位素研究表明,成矿期白云石主要来源于碳酸盐围岩的溶解,成矿流体中的C来源于围岩,而较低的δ~(18)O值可能是亏损~(18)O的成矿流体和围岩间水/岩反应过程中O同位素发生交换的结果。激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)白云石原位微量元素分析结果表明,Dol2-Dol4的Y/Ho比值相对稳定(30.5～47.9),结合区域成矿特征,认为形成成矿期白云石的流体主要为盆地卤水,与该矿床属于MVT矿床事实吻合。Dol1和Dol5具有相对较低的稀土总量(∑REE=3.97×10~(-6)～29.7×10~(-6)),很可能与白云岩围岩(∑REE=25.2×10~(-6)～61.3×10~(-6))溶解作用有关,直接继承围岩的稀土元素组成特征;成矿期Dol2-Dol4的∑REE较高(∑REE=39.2×10~(-6)～117×10~(-6)),暗示成矿流体本身也携带了部分稀土元素。成矿各期次白云石均具有明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.38～0.72)特征,指示成矿温度可能较高( 200℃),Ce正异常相对稳定(δCe=1.10～1.28),暗示其成矿流体pH值保持弱酸性。综上,本文认为竹林沟锗锌矿床的形成经历如下过程:在伸展背景下,深循环盆地卤水萃取下伏地层和基底岩石中的Zn、Ge和REE等元素,形成富金属流体,受构造作用驱动沿区域性断裂不断向上运移,在赋矿层位与富硫流体发生混合作用,导致闪锌矿等硫化物沉淀;在整个成矿过程,成矿环境经历了还原→氧化的转变,成矿元素发生了共生分异,在竹林沟形成富锗锌矿体,在牛角塘形成富镉锌矿体,而pH始终保持弱酸性,直至被围岩碳酸盐岩中和。 相似文献
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内蒙古林西萤石矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及其指示意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
内蒙古林西县萤石矿产资源丰富,已知萤石矿床（点）68处。萤石矿床产出于中生界火山-沉积岩地层中,矿体主要受近 SN 向或 NNE 向断裂破碎带控制。为了研究水头地区萤石矿床的成矿流体来源和成矿机理,文章对矿床稀土元素进行了分析。结果表明萤石和方解石的稀土元素总量（∑REE）为4.37-159μg/g, LREE/HREE比值为0.24-1.80,δEu =0.57-1.60,具弱Ce负异常（0.81-0.98）特征, Y/Ho比值为21-78,平均41。从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,∑REE值及LREE/HREE比值均逐渐减小,晚阶段萤石具有重新活化、重结晶的特征。结合赋矿地层及矿区外围花岗岩体REE特征分析,认为其成矿流体迁移距离较远,稀土元素和成矿元素可能来自下伏高F地体和含Ca赋矿火山-沉积地层,为热液成因-破碎带充填交代型萤石矿床。 相似文献
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云南兰坪李子坪铅锌矿床的控矿构造、碳和氧同位素及稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李子坪铅锌矿床位于青藏高原东缘的兰坪盆地内,属于白秧坪矿集区的一部分,矿体主要受构造裂隙控制,构造对该矿床具有重要的控制作用。文章对该矿床进行了构造解析,并结合地球化学数据,讨论了该矿床的形成过程。研究表明,李子坪铅锌矿床主要发育3期构造变形:早期为近南北走向的褶皱构造,中期为西倾近似等间距的数条逆断层,晚期形成北西西向与北东东向的平移断层。矿体主要受晚期2组平移断层的控制。各类方解石的δ~(13)C_(PDB)值变化范围为-1.3‰~-2.3‰,平均值-1.7‰;δ~(18)O_(SMOW)值范围为6.9‰~21.0‰,平均值14.8‰。所测各类方解石的∑REE均小于30×10~(-6),∑HREE无明显变化,而∑LREE具有较明显差异,δEu均小于1,显示中等铕的负异常,表明成矿流体存在一定的演化规律。热液矿物方解石中的碳来源于海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,氧同位素结果表明成矿流体有大气降水渗入。综合分析认为,李子坪矿床应该为碰撞造山作用下形成的、矿体赋存于构造裂隙破碎带中的铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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广东长坑金银矿床氧同位素组成特征及矿床成因讨论 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对长坑金银矿床16线部分钻孔进行较系统的氧同位素分析,发现岩石的δ18O值有自矿体下部（银矿体）向浅部（金矿体）、自矿体中心向围岩逐渐增大的趋势。全岩δ18O值的这种变化,与围岩蚀变强度减弱的方向一致。据此以及本区成矿元素的分带特征,结合近年提出的花岗岩原地重熔说所阐明的成矿元素分带规律,提出长坑金银矿床应为岩浆热液矿床、成矿热液流体应来自深部隐伏花岗岩的见解,并指出在银矿体的下部有寻找铅锌铜矿床的可能性。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献