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1.
松辽盆地白垩系砂岩长石碎屑的钠长石化作用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
松辽盆地白垩系砂岩以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为特征。砂岩中发育长石碎屑、岩屑等不稳定组分,而且随着埋藏深度加深(成岩作用加强)钾长石逐渐减少并最终在2700m以下消失。斜长石碎屑中钠长石组分逐渐增多,钙长石组分逐渐减少,最终形成纯钠端元的钠长石。在成岩过程中长石碎屑的钠长石化主要有3种方式:①由离子交代作用导致长石碎屑的钠长石化;②长石碎屑边缘钠长石次生生长;③与长石碎屑溶解伴生的新生钠长石作用。结合热动力学平衡原理分析,斜长石的钠长石化基本不受成岩温度和压力的制约,而钾长石的钠长石化需要较高的成岩温度和压力作用才能进行。因此,斜长石的钠长石化可见于成岩早期,而钾长石的钠长石化只发生于成岩晚期。  相似文献   

2.
鄂尔多斯盆地东南富县探区延长组长3油层组广泛发育浊沸石胶结作用,其主要成因是富县探区长3油层斜长石含量高,与碱性富钠的孔隙水相互反应形成浊沸石胶结物,包体测温表明,形成温度主要在85~100℃之间,对应于早期成岩的晚期;浊沸石发育受地下流体活动的控制,多发育在三角洲平原及前缘相互叠置的分流河道复合砂体;在晚成岩早期,有机质脱羟作用形成有机酸对浊沸石溶蚀,形成大量次生孔隙.在富县探区东部地区,浊沸石沉淀与溶解总体效应造成孔隙度的增加;而在西部地区,由于浊沸石胶结物含量较小,后期的溶蚀作用不明显,其综合效应是造成孔隙降低.浊沸石溶蚀次生孔隙的发育是控制富县探区延长组长3油层优质储层的主控因素.   相似文献   

3.
伊犁京希—伊尔曼德金矿床的热液蚀变及成矿流体演化特征   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
肖龙  王方正等 《地质学报》2001,75(4):518-526
京希-伊尔曼德金矿床的热液蚀变在空间上有明显的分带性,中心蚀变带以强烈的硅化为主,典型的蚀变矿物组合为石英或玉髓和地开石,中间带为高级泥化带,以地开石-高岭石-石英或玉髓为特征;外带为以蒙脱石-高岭石-伊利石-其他粘土矿物等矿物组合为主的泥化带,蚀变强度和矿物组合的分带性是温度、压力和化学梯度的反映,是流体在不断的水或流体-岩石反应和成分交换的产物。该矿床成矿流体演化过程为:早期酸性(pH=2-3)含矿流体在沿断裂上升过程中,受围岩灰岩中的流体(pH为中性)缓冲,在其进入高渗透性的碎屑岩层时,流速和水-岩石或流休-岩石反应大大加快,并在与大气降水的混合作用下,pH值逐步升高(3-5),产生了流体的温度及成分梯度,在温度和压力迅速下降的条件下,金及蚀变矿物沉淀、结晶生长,形成了蚀变空间分带,中心带保存完好的多孔状石英和地开石等高级泥化矿物组合说明该矿床是高硫化热液体系作用下的产物。  相似文献   

4.
根据我国鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和四川盆地三叠系须家河组砂岩成岩作用和次生孔隙形成机制的研究,总结了碎屑岩成岩过程中长石、高岭石、伊利石之间的物质交换及其对次生孔隙形成的影响。研究表明:(1)砂岩埋藏前组成中长石的类型及相对含量、含膨胀层的粘土矿物(如同期火山物质)的数量、系统的开放性与封闭性以及流体中额外钾离子的存在与否直接控制了长石的溶解方式和次生孔隙的形成机制;(2)在热力学上最不稳定且低温条件下更易溶解的偏基性斜长石在同生到埋藏成岩作用初期已大量溶解,并伴随高岭石的沉淀,在热力学上相对稳定的钾长石是保存时间最长的长石类型,也是以后埋藏成岩过程中对次生孔隙贡献最多的长石类型;(3)在埋藏成岩作用初期到120—140℃古地温以前的成岩阶段中,蒙皂石.伊利石的转化反应是克服埋藏成岩过程中钾长石溶解动力学屏障的重要机制,如果骨架颗粒中存在较多的钾长石和较多的含膨胀层的粘土矿物,则次生孔隙主要由钾长石溶解提供,并有斜长石的钠长石化或自生钠长石沉淀,这是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界石盒子组和三叠系延长组次生孔隙的主要形成机制;(4)在120~140℃古地温以后的深埋藏成岩阶段中,高岭石的伊利石化是克服埋藏成岩过程中钾长石溶解动力学屏障的另一重要机制,而钾长石的溶解又是封闭条件下高岭石的伊利石化的必要伴随反应,地层中钾长石和高岭石的相对数量控制了长石的溶解以及溶解产物中钾长石、高岭石、伊利石三种矿物间的数量关系,只要地层中钾长石(或高岭石)没有消耗完,钾长石的溶解和高岭石伊利石化反应就会持续发生并在深埋藏条件下形成次生孔隙,这是鄂尔多斯盆地东部太原组和四川盆地三叠系须家河组二段砂岩?  相似文献   

5.
石膏对白云岩溶解影响的实验模拟研究   总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25  
黄思静  杨俊杰 《沉积学报》1996,14(1):103-109
表生到埋藏成岩作用的温度与压力(40-130℃、常压-30MPa)条件下,含膏与不含膏白云岩的溶解实验证明:在表生与相对浅埋藏的温压条件(低于75℃,20MPa)下,石膏(或硬石膏)的存在可不同程度地加速白云岩的溶解,随着实验温度和压力的升高,石膏(或硬石膏)对白云岩溶解的这种积极作用逐渐降低。在相对深埋藏的温压条件(高于75℃、20MPa)下,石膏(或硬石膏)的存在显著阻止白云岩的溶解,随着实验温度和压力的继续升高,石膏(或硬石膏)对白云岩溶解的这种消极作用也逐渐增加。从实验的这种结果可以预测,在近地表条件下和埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段,由溶解作用造成的含膏白云岩地层的次生孔隙将比不含膏的白云岩地层更为发育,因而在经历了古风化作用的地层中,含膏白云岩层更易形成良好的储层;与之相反,在相对高温高压的深埋藏成岩阶段,不含膏的白云岩地层中将更容易因酸性水的溶解作用而形成次生孔隙。因而在非蒸发沉积环境中形成的白云岩体(如正常海沉积环境的灰岩中的白云岩透镜体)更易因深埋藏溶蚀作用而形成良好的储层。  相似文献   

6.
含油玄武岩中绿泥石的形成温度   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以苏北盆地高邮凹陷闵桥地区含油玄武岩中的绿泥石为研究对象,探讨了其成因和形成温度,认为玄武岩中绿泥石有两种形成方式、五条形成途径:其一为蚀变演化,包括:火山玻璃、斜长石、辉石的蚀变,交代橄榄石斑晶,以及皂石的进一步演化;其二为沉淀结晶,包括从热液中直接沉淀生长和胶体溶液充填后的结晶。计算结果显示,蚀变演化形成的绿泥石,其形成温度为128-271℃;沉淀结晶形成的绿泥石,其形成温度为31-63℃。玄武岩中绿泥石形成温度与埋藏深度间没有明显的线性相关。进一步研究表明,本区玄武岩作为储油层,其进油时的温度为62-118℃,不超出48-137℃。  相似文献   

7.
张金亮  沈凤 《矿物岩石》1990,10(1):35-42,T003
东濮凹陷桥口地区沙三段碎屑岩经历了复杂的成岩历史。砂岩的主要成岩事件有:机械压实、碳酸盐胶结、石英加大、黄铁矿生成、高岭石的形成和转化、绿泥石生成、伊利石沉淀、斜长石的钠长石化、石膏和重晶石的形成,以及沸石矿物的生成和次生孔隙的产生。混层蒙皂石-伊利石化随埋深增加而增强,相邻页岩的成岩演化是砂岩胶结物成分的最重要来源。砂岩的成岩作用主要受沉积相的控制,处于中成岩晚期阶段的沙三段砂岩可划分为四种岩相:(1)碳酸盐结成岩相;(2)石英加大自生成岩相;(3)粘土蚀度成岩相;(4)不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相。四种成岩相组成了四种不同的储层类型,储层性质的对比分析对识别致密气层中的油气产层具有重要意义。  相似文献   

8.
关于成岩作用与变质作用界线的讨论:从沸石相谈起   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
柳益群 《地质论评》1996,42(3):215-222,T001
成岩作用与变质作用界线的划分是当前地质学界关注的焦点之一。传统的观点将沸石相作为最低级变质相,本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东部上三叠统延长组的浊沸碱玫吐鲁番-哈密盆地哈密凹陷三叠系的浊沸石为例,提出浊沸石的形成为高pH值,低Pco2和Xco2高钙离子活度,高SiO2活性的高盐度等,稳定在从80℃到200℃左右的广大温度范围内,常与油气生成带一致,属成岩矿物相,取消沸石相,用明确的综合划分标志来确定成岩作用与  相似文献   

9.
川口油田长6储层成岩作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
详细分析了川口油田长6储层的成岩作用类型、储层物性演化及影响因素。通过岩石学、铸体薄片、电镜扫描等研究方法说明川口油田长6储层主要成岩作用包括压实-压溶作用、胶结作用、交代蚀变作用及溶蚀作用等,成岩阶段属晚成岩A期。其中,机械压实作用、化学胶结作用是导致砂岩孔隙度降低、储集性能变差的主要因素。机械压实作用主要表现为软碎屑的塑性变形、颗粒间由点接触向凹凸接触演变;胶结作用表现为浊沸石、绿泥石、粘土矿物、碳酸盐胶结;石英和长石的次生加大、溶蚀作用特别是浊沸石的溶蚀在一定程度上提高和改善了砂岩储集性能。结果表明,影响储层物性的主要因素为沉积作用和成岩作用。  相似文献   

10.
山东东营凹陷古近系碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素   总被引:25,自引:10,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
通过对大量储层物性数据的分析和整理,结合薄片观察和扫描电镜分析结果,研究了不同构造背景、不同沉积类型及不同埋深的储层物性特征及其控制因素。东营凹陷近系碎屑岩储层类型多样,大多形成在冲积扇-河流、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、深水浊积扇、三角洲前缘滑塌浊积扇以及滨浅湖滩坝等多种沉积环境中。碎屑岩储层类型主要包括砾岩、含砾砂岩、中粗砂岩、细砂岩及粉砂岩。其中中砂岩和细砂岩是最好的储层。但是不同地区、不同类型储层物性存在较大的差异。物性最好的储层为河道、(扇)三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体。在相同深度条件下,中央隆起带的物性最好,北部和南部次之。另外,本区随埋藏深度增加,碎屑岩储层物性逐渐变差(剔除次生孔隙的影响)。根据碎屑岩储层物性差异性分析和储层成岩演化研究结果,其储层物性主要受压实作用、碳酸盐溶蚀与胶结作用及沉积条件四大因素控制,其中压实作用、溶蚀作用及胶结作用是主要控制因素,而沉积条件对物性的影响主要表现在控制原生孔隙的发育程度,并进一步控制溶蚀、胶结等成岩作用。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

18.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

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