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青岛地区气象灾害分析评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青岛地区发生频率较高的气象灾害主要有暴雨、大风、大雾、台风、雷暴和冰雹等。利用1971—2008年的气象资料,分析了主要气象灾害的空间分布特征,对暴雨和大风的发生概率及重现期进行了计算。并通过1984—2007年气象灾情普查资料,对暴雨、台风所致的气象灾情进行了评估。据此对青岛气象灾害进行了区划和风险分析,得出青岛地区暴雨洪涝灾害主要集中在莱西、胶南沿海两个区域;胶州湾前部沿海及市区是大风和大雾多发区;环胶州湾地区处在台风的影响范围内,尤以市区、胶南沿海和黄岛区出现频率较大;胶州湾西岸的黄岛区雷暴影响较大。 相似文献
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《气象研究与应用》2017,(3)
以G75、G65、G76、G78、G2518、G59、G69、G72、G7511、G80广西境内路段作为调查对象,通过统计分析法,挑选出气象灾害风险隐患点,在此基础上,利用问卷调查、实地勘察、专家评估和对比分析法对隐患点的气象灾害风险情况进行调查分析,通过调查分析得知:影响广西高速公路气象灾害有强降雨、大风、低能见度、低温冰冻、雷电;次生灾害有:地质灾害。降雨量致灾临界值为10mm/h,路面结冰临界值为气温-4℃,能见度的临界值为200m,各要素达到以上强度时,将对高速公路交通产生影响。公路交通运营公司迫切需要针对公路交通的地形地貌、气候特点,发布公路路段短时强降雨、冰冻灾害、地质灾害、大雾、风力、风向预报及雷雨天气预报,以便提前采取防范措施,防止安全事故发生。因此,提高气象为公路交通安全运营的服务能力和水平,最大程度地减轻或避免因气象灾害对公路交通和人民生命财产所造成的损失,是当前公路交通气象服务工作的一项重要任务。 相似文献
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调查、收集、整理了千岛湖景区主要气象灾害与旅游经济发展关系,分析认为影响千岛湖旅游主要气象灾害为暴雨、大风、雷暴、大雾灾害。统计了千岛湖站(淳安国家基本气象观测站)及淳安县95个区域自动气象站2007—2016年的暴雨、大风、雷暴、大雾4种灾害性天气的统计资料,借助Grads、Arccmp等软件工具,绘制了影响千岛湖旅游主要气象灾害月际变化及区域分布情况。结合千岛湖旅游气象灾害防御风险,针对性提出建设千岛湖景区旅游气象灾害防御系统及景区旅游气象灾害预警信息发布平台的建设思路。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2019,(6)
该文概述了贵州省突发事件预警信息发布体系建设现状;并基于2016-2018年国家突发事件预警信息发布系统贵州省区域内预警数据,分析了贵州省内以气象为主的多部门、多灾种预警信息发布空间分布和时间变化。结果表明:①贵州省预警信息发布体系建设正逐步趋于完善。②气象灾害在所有预警类型中最频发,非气象类预警发布量逐年增加,部门联动正在逐步加强;贵州东部预警多于西部,铜仁遵义最多。③预警信息发布季节性强:夏冬季预警"爆发";春季雷电、冰雹活跃,夏季雷电、暴雨频繁,立冬前后大雾是榜首,冬季道路结冰最多。④2018年暴雪、道路结冰、冰雹预警显著增加,暴雪、大风增长最突出,高温、寒潮明显减少,暴雨、霜冻变化不大。以上结果可为指导贵州省预警信息系统建设和灾害防御提供一定的科学依据和基础。 相似文献
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十一运会各赛区气象灾害风险评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用山东省17个比赛城市1971—2007年8—10月的逐日气象资料,用统计方法对各种灾害性天气进行了风险评估。结果表明:十一运会期间有9种气象灾害,不同月份的气象灾害风险有差异,其风险等级由高到低依次为:8月雷电、暴雨、台风、大雾、冰雹、大雨、高温、大风;9月雷电、大雾、大风、暴雨、大雨、连阴雨、台风、高温和冰雹;10月大雨、大雾、大风、连阴雨、暴雨、高温、冰雹、台风。开幕式、闭幕式日发生上述气象灾害的概率很小。评估结果在十一运会气象保障中得到应用。 相似文献
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通过对内蒙古公路交通气象灾害以及服务情况进行分析,明确了道路积雪、路面结冰、强降水、低能见度、大雾和沙尘是主要的公路交通气象灾害,其中降雪和低温是主要的致灾因子。近年来,内蒙古公路交通气象服务在交通气象专业监测、灾害天气预报、预警以及交通气象服务技术方面均取得了新的进展。与此同时,提出了进一步提高内蒙古公路交通气象服务的对策建议:第一,尽可能的加密专业气象观测网站建设,保障预报数据来源丰富;第二,加强需求调研,开发更具针对性和专业性的气象预报预警产品;第三,加强气象、交通、公安三部门信息共享与应急联动机制建设,提高对公路交通恶劣天气的联合防范与应对能力。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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