共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
海洋光合有效辐射分布的计算模式 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
针对一类海水，采用美国标准大气模型和一类水体海洋生物-光学特性的半分析方法，建立了海洋光合有效辐射计算模式。模式比较全面地考虑了大气、海-气界面和水体的光辐射传输过程，能较好地用于分析叶绿素浓度以及光辐射场的角分布对光俣有效辐射分布的影响。对模拟结果的分析以及与实测结果的比较表明，该模式能较好地应用于计算衰减系数、光谱辐照度随深度的分布、光合有效辐射随深度的分布和真光层深度，在海洋生态系统的光动力学研究和水色遥感方面有效好的应用前景。 相似文献
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简述了水下辐照度异常尖峰分布现象和它的主要特征，根据海水光学参数的关系及水下总辐射的指数衰减方程导出了上行和下行辐照度垂直分布的三参数模型，该模型包括三个参数：海水体吸收系数α（ｚ）、后向散射系数ｂｂ（ｚ）和平均余弦的初始边界μ（０）。利用该模型对几种典型水体中辐照度垂直分布的模拟结果与海上实测结果很一致。在模拟计算基础上，分析讨论了异常尖峰的产生机制。 相似文献
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1997年8月台湾浅滩南部边缘海域主要光学要素的多周日变化分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对１９９７年８月中旬在台湾浅滩南部边缘海域所获得的光学参数数据进行分析,对水下辐照度、光束衰减率和光束透射率等主要光学参数的多周日变化规律及其形成机制进行了探讨。认为调查期间,台湾浅滩南部的水下辐照度自上而下表现出了很好的规律性和一致性,各层的辐照度随时间峰谷型分布,与太阳辐射强度规律符合得较好;不同时刻的光束衰减率的垂直分布相似,往往在３０ｍ层上下出现一个峰值。光束透射率与光束衰减率存在反相 相似文献
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船舶抛锚撞击水下管汇会影响到管汇的正常作业,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力学分析软件,建立锚-水下管汇-海床土体的三维有限元模型,对抛锚碰撞水下管汇的过程进行数值仿真。通过求解水下管汇受碰撞后的等效应力、应变的时间历程及受撞击部位的凹陷损伤深度,发现最大等效应力点出现在管汇与锚接触位置处,管汇的碰撞部位最终发生凹痕变形。同时讨论锚与管汇接触面的形状以及海床土体对水下管汇损伤程度的影响,当冲击能量相同时,锚与水下管汇的碰撞接触面积越小,水下管汇的损伤深度就越大;当锚与管汇接触的接触面积相同时,冲击能量越大,水下管汇的损伤变形越大。海床土体的剪切弹性模量对管汇的凹陷损伤深度以及最大等效应力影响与冲击能量有关,海床土体的内摩擦角对管汇的碰撞影响较小。 相似文献
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河控型河口盐度混合和层化是控制悬沙输移扩散的重要动力机制。以珠江磨刀门河口为研究对象,基于2017年洪季三船同步大、小潮水文泥沙观测数据,分析河控型河口水体盐度层化结构的时空变化对悬沙分布的影响机制。结果表明:受径潮动力耦合时空变化影响,河口盐度垂向分布表现出时空差异,即受径流主导的M1站(挂锭角),河口盐度在涨落潮周期内垂向混合均匀,受径潮控制的M2站(口门)在整个潮周期内盐度层化结构明显,口门外侧的M3站,潮动力作用较强,盐度垂向分布随涨落潮变化而变化;悬沙空间分布与盐度分布关系密切,盐度混合均匀利于悬沙垂向均匀分布,而盐度层化则使悬沙倾向于滞留在底层水体中,且在盐度层结界面之下出现高悬沙浓度,悬沙浓度垂向分布曲线呈L字型或抛线型,纵向上表现为高浓度悬沙团抑制在盐水楔前端,盐度层化对悬沙的捕集效应明显。通过对比水体标准化分层系数与水流垂向扩散强度系数发现,两者呈现负相关关系,即标准化分层系数愈大,垂向扩散强度愈小,表明水体层化抑制悬沙垂向扩散强度,而且水体层化程度越高,悬沙垂向扩散抑制程度越大,进而促进了河口水体盐度层化对悬沙捕集作用。本研究有助于揭示河口细颗粒泥沙运动机制及河口拦门沙演变机制,并为磨刀门河口拦门沙治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《海洋学报》2021,(5)
河控型河口盐度混合和层化是控制悬沙输移扩散的重要动力机制。以珠江磨刀门河口为研究对象,基于2017年洪季三船同步大、小潮水文泥沙观测数据,分析河控型河口水体盐度层化结构的时空变化对悬沙分布的影响机制。结果表明:受径潮动力耦合时空变化影响,河口盐度垂向分布表现出时空差异,即受径流主导的M1站(挂锭角),河口盐度在涨落潮周期内垂向混合均匀,受径潮控制的M2站(口门)在整个潮周期内盐度层化结构明显,口门外侧的M3站,潮动力作用较强,盐度垂向分布随涨落潮变化而变化;悬沙空间分布与盐度分布关系密切,盐度混合均匀利于悬沙垂向均匀分布,而盐度层化则使悬沙倾向于滞留在底层水体中,且在盐度层结界面之下出现高悬沙浓度,悬沙浓度垂向分布曲线呈L字型或抛线型,纵向上表现为高浓度悬沙团抑制在盐水楔前端,盐度层化对悬沙的捕集效应明显。通过对比水体标准化分层系数与水流垂向扩散强度系数发现,两者呈现负相关关系,即标准化分层系数愈大,垂向扩散强度愈小,表明水体层化抑制悬沙垂向扩散强度,而且水体层化程度越高,悬沙垂向扩散抑制程度越大,进而促进了河口水体盐度层化对悬沙捕集作用。本研究有助于揭示河口细颗粒泥沙运动机制及河口拦门沙演变机制,并为磨刀门河口拦门沙治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Noboru Okami Motoaki Kishino Shigehiko Sugihara Sanae Unoki 《Journal of Oceanography》1982,38(4):208-214
By using the two-flow optical model, the variation in the irradiance reflectance of the ocean just below the surface has been calculated for varying water optical properties, for the interpretation of remotely-sensed ocean color data. The input variables used in our model are the concentration of phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a), the absorption coeffiicient of yellow substance, the particle scattering coefficient, the ratio of the back-scattering coefficient to the total scattering coefficient of particles, and the ratio of the absorption to scattering coefficients for particles.The irradiance reflectance increases monotonically with the ratio of the back-scattering coefficient to the total scattering coefficient. Spectral changes occur in the irradiance reflectance for increases in chlorophyll-a concentration and yellow substance as well as the ratio of the absorption to scattering coefficients.Because slightly different mathematical expressions have been derived by other investigators using the two-flow model, an evaluation of the resulting calculation differences is presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Influence of stratification and irradiance regime on summer phytoplankton composition in coastal and shelf seas of the British Isles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of interaction between stratification and irradiance regimes on phytoplankton community structure was investigated in three shelf/coastal regions of the British Isles, each of which displayed ranges of vertical stability and light attenuation. Relationships between vertical stability, light penetration and community structure were indicated by the ordination of dominance (assessed using cell volume) of the main phytoplankton phyletic groups—diatoms, dinoflagellates and microflagellates—on a surface defined by a bulk stratification index () and water column depth, scaled by transparency (λh). Diatom- and dinoflagellate-dominated communities occupied distinctly different domains on the - λh surface, diatoms being favoured in well-mixed water columns with high values for λh and dinoflagellates dominating where stratification was strong and λh was low. Microflagellates were not abundant in any of the study areas and showed no clear ordination on the - λh surface. The domain of co-dominance of diatom and dinoflagellates on the - λh surface was narrow with small changes in the irradiance or stratification regime resulting in a switch to diatom or dinoflagellate dominance. It is suggested that loss of non-motile diatom communities in strongly stratified water columns might be a strong selective force in favour of dinoflagel-lates. However, in water columns with intermediate stratification and optical properties, the outcome of competition may be decided by physiological attributes of the two groups with respect to growth in low and fluctuating irradiances. 相似文献
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Ultraviolet(UV) radiation has a significant influence on marine biological processes and primary productivity;however, the existing ocean color satellite sensors seldom contain UV bands. A look-up table of wavelengthintegrated UV irradiance(280–400 nm) on the sea surface is established using the coupled ocean atmosphere radiative transfer(COART) model. On the basis of the look-up table, the distributions of the UV irradiance at middle and low latitudes are inversed by using the satellite-derived atmospheric products from the Aqua satellite,including aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm, ozone content, liquid water path, and the total precipitable water.The validation results show that the mean relative difference of the 10 d rolling averaged UV irradiance between the satellite retrieval and field observations is 8.20% at the time of satellite passing and 13.95% for the daily dose of UV. The monthly-averaged UV irradiance and daily dose of UV retrieved by satellite data show a good correlation with the in situ data, with mean relative differences of 6.87% and 8.43%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of satellite inputs is conducted. The liquid water path representing the condition of cloud has the highest effect on the retrieval of the UV irradiance, while ozone and aerosol have relatively lesser effect. The influence of the total precipitable water is not significant. On the basis of the satellite-derived UV irradiance on the sea surface, a preliminary simple estimation of ultraviolet radiation's effects on the global marine primary productivity is presented, and the results reveal that ultraviolet radiation has a non-negligible effect on the estimation of the marine primary productivity. 相似文献
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《Journal of Sea Research》2002,47(3-4):303-315
Factors controlling the dynamics of suspended particulate matter (SPM), its influence on sea-leaving radiance and in-water optical properties, and the consequences of optical variation for phytoplankton growth, were studied at the ‘Processes of Vertical Exchange in Shelf Seas’ (PROVESS) project's southern North Sea site during April 1999. The optical properties of Netherlands coastal water were not unexpectedly found to be primarily determined by suspended sediment (Case 2) and were classified as Jerlov type 7 ‘relatively turbid coastal water’. During the study period, vertical mixing periodically resuspended optically active particles from the bed fluff layer throughout the water column and into the near-surface layer. These particles influenced sea surface radiance reflectance, and the red/green ratio of radiance reflectance, both of which can be observed by remote sensing. Linear relationships between sea surface radiance reflectance and SPM concentration were primarily determined by the inorganic fraction, as organic SPM varied little in concentration throughout the cruise period. The inorganic fraction was an important scatterer of light at all wavelengths, whereas the organic fraction displayed a greater tendency for light absorption at shorter wavelengths. Although the euphotic layer (depth of 1% surface irradiance) was only 8–10 m deep, vertical mixing ensured that phytoplankton throughout the water column (∼18 m) had access to PAR in excess of the estimated compensation illumination.Growth rates of microplankton (which includes pelagic microheterotrophs as well as phytoplankters) were calculated using an algorithm from the PROWQM model. These ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 d−1, and implied loss rates of 3–25% which were mostly attributed to mesozooplankton grazing. Estimated oxygen production, however, was in near equilibrium with oxygen demand observed in dark bottles, and implied a significant oxygen demand due to detrital respiration and nitrification. This was estimated as 3–6 mmol O2 m−3 d−1.In an order of magnitude timescale analysis, vertical mixing was found to be the single most important factor controlling the dynamics of SPM under mixed or stratified conditions. For a mixed water column microplankton aggregation and fluff layer resuspension also had the potential to redistribute material in the water column several times per day, whilst under stratified conditions horizontal exchange and inorganic particle sinking were more important. Resuspended material in a stratified water column remained below the pycnocline and had little impact on the near-surface layer optics. Other factors varied in importance with the level of stratification, which was recognised as a significant factor in determining the dynamics of SPM in this region of freshwater influence (ROFI). 相似文献
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The diffusion attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, Ka(490), is an important optical parameter of seawater. The optical property, Kd(490), around Nansha Islands in the South China Sea was analyzed based on optical data profiles measured with SPMR (SeaWiFS Profiling Multichannel Radiometer) and SMSR ( SeaWiFS Multichannel Surface Reference ) instrument in April and May, 1999. The results show that Kd(490) is closely correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration, Ccgka, and that the vertical distribution of Kd(490) shows the strong stratification of the water column in this area. Kd(490) has a similar vertical co-variation as KL(490), the diffusive attenuation coefficient for upwelling radiance.Both coefficients increase with depth in the upper layer, where KL(490) is greater than Kd(490); and after a depth, approximatively at the chlorophyll maximum, they decrease with depth, with the former being smaller than the latter. 相似文献
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基于半经验遥感模型,开展广东省雷州湾SPOT-5影像不同水深范围的遥感反演及误差分析,给出不同模型对应的最佳水深范围和不同水深范围的最佳反演模型,结果如下：红光单波段模型、红光-绿光双波段模型、绿光-红光-近红外三波段模型均在2～5m水深范围内反演误差最小,分别为16.7%,13.2%和17.1%。0～2m水深范围内,红光-近红外双波段模型反演误差最小,为34.3%;2～5m水深范围内,红光-绿光双波段模型反演误差最小,为13.2%;5～10m水深范围内,红光-近红外双波段模型反演误差最小,为19.3%;10～20m水深范围内,三波段模型反演误差最小,为31.5%。 相似文献
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Based on vector-algebraic analysis of random processes, we study the statistical structure of the synoptic variability of currents measured by an ADCP in the upper mixed layer in the central part of the continental slope of the Laptev Sea in 2006–2007. The results of statistical analysis show that in some cases the synoptic currents in the surface layer of the sea are signs of wind drift currents. This is indicated by the high correlation between the tangential friction of wind and currents, as well as the reversal of the depth of current vectors and the major axes of the ellipses of the mean-square deviation of the Ekman spiral. Due to the large variability of wind flows and stratification of water masses, the penetration depth of these currents is small and varies from 6 to 30 m, with pronounced seasonal variation. In deeper layers, no relationship between the currents and anemobaric forces is traced. It is concluded that the fluctuations of synoptic scale currents in the area of the continental slope of the Laptev Sea represent a superposition of Ekman drift currents and movements associated with free baroclinic Kelvin waves. These currents are the dominant contributor in the upper 30-m layer of the ocean, while waves play a key role in deeper waters. 相似文献
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The algorithms of extracting chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) concentration have been established for Chinese moderate resolution imaging spectrometer(CMODIS) mounted on Shenzhou-3 spaceship launched on 25 March 2002.The CMODIS is an ocean color sensor with 30 visible channels and 4 infrared channels,much different from other ocean color satellites and needs new algorithms to process data.Three models of Chl-a concentration were established based on Chl-a data retrieved from sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor(SeaWiFS),with the average relative errors of 26.6%,24%.0% and 33.5%,respectively.This practical and economic approach can be used for developing the algorithms of Chinese ocean color and temperature sensor(COCTS) on the satellite Haiyang-1 to derive the Chl-a concentration concentration distribution.The applicability of the algorithms was analyzed using some in situ measurements.Suspended sediment is the main factor influencing the accuracy of the spectral ratio algorithms of Chl-a concentration.The algorithms are suitable to using in the regions where suspended sediment concentrations(SSC) are less than 5 g/m3 under the condition of relative error of Chl-a concentration retrieval within 35%.High concentration of suspended sediment leads to the overestimate remote sensing retrieval of concentration of Chl-a,while low-middle SSCs lead to the low Chl-a concentration values using the spectral ratio algorithms.Since the accuracy of Chl-a concentration by the spectral ratio algorithms is limited to waters of Case 2,it is necessary to develop semi-analytical models to improve the performance of satellite ocean color remote sensing in turbid coastal waters. 相似文献
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HY-1 CCD宽波段水色要素反演算法 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
利用2003年春季黄海、东海区现场实测数据,建立了HY1卫星4波段CCD成像仪水色要素反演算法.由于HY1CCD的宽波段特性阻碍了黄色物质的反演,因此反演的水色要素仅包括水体表层的总悬浮物、悬浮泥沙(SS)以及叶绿素a的浓度.现场遥感反射率光谱由ASD地物波谱仪测量,对于叶绿素a的浓度利用现场萃取荧光法测量,总悬浮物、悬浮泥沙由实验室滤膜称重法获得.反演算法的拟合相关系数均大于0.88,平均相对误差在40%以下.对反演算法进行了误差灵敏度分析,结果表明对于总悬浮物、悬浮泥沙和低浊度水体中的叶绿素a的浓度反演算法能够满足日常的业务运行要求,但是对于高浊度水体中叶绿素a的浓度反演算法对某个波段组合比较敏感,仍需要进一步探讨. 相似文献