共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Noboru Okami Motoaki Kishino Shigehiko Sugihara Noburu Takematsu Sanae Unoki 《Journal of Oceanography》1983,38(6):362-372
The spectral measurements of the attenuation coefficient of sea water and the absorption coefficient of suspended particles and of yellow substance were made with a spectrophotometer for the sea waters sampled in Tokyo Bay. These parameters can be used to compute the expected spectral irradiance reflectance. Some relationships between the optical properties of sea water and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon, the dry weight of suspended matter and chlorophyll-a concentration are presented. On the basis of these results, the possibility of modelling the relationship between optical and material properties is discussed. 相似文献
2.
Simultaneous acquisition of water samples, radiance and irradiance measurements were carried out from 40 stations in the Mandovi–Zuari estuaries during February to May 2002. From the samples collected, inherent and apparent optical properties (IOP and AOP) such as absorption coefficient (a), upwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient (ku) and subsurface reflectance (R) were derived. Using these optical properties, radiative transfer at each water column is examined. On the basis of the radiative transfer outcome, band-ratio algorithms are derived for three optically active substances (OAS), viz, chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The respective algorithms are 670/555, 490/670 and 412/670 nm for chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment and CDOM. These algorithms are applied to Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM), onboard Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (P4), scenes (digital data), to synoptically analyze these OAS. The synoptic analysis of OAS revealed different hydrodynamic characteristics of the estuaries during non-monsoon seasons. 相似文献
3.
水体悬浮物对溶解在水中的油及乳化油有吸附作用,这种作用会叠加在颗粒物上,对水体的后向散射系数产生影响,而水体后向散射系数是水色遥感的重要参数之一,对建立遥感反演石油类污染浓度半分析模型起着关键性的作用。根据2008年5月在辽宁省盘锦市辽河油田境内双台子河和绕阳河现场测定的水样,对水体组分进行浓度分析,并分别利用分光光度计及后向散射系数测量仪测定水色三要素的吸收系数和水体后向散射系数。根据获取的数据,对石油类污染水体后向散射特性进行分析,分别建立了(1)石油类污染水体后向散射系数光谱模型;(2)石油类污染水体和非石油类污染水体后向散射系数与无机悬浮物浓度的关系模型。研究结果表明:(1)在建立的后向散射系数光谱模型中,幂函数指数平均值为0.87;(2)从相关系数分析来看,对后向散射系数起主要作用的是无机悬浮物浓度,其次是石油类物质浓度,而有机悬浮物浓度几乎没有影响;(3)对于无石油类污染水体,后向散射系数与无机悬浮物浓度为对数关系模型,而与有石油类污染水体更接近线性关系模型。 相似文献
4.
D.G. Bowers K.M. Braithwaite W.A.M. Nimmo-Smith G.W. Graham 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,91(3):341-350
A correct understanding of the way in which light interacts with suspended particles is essential for quantitative interpretation of satellite visible band imagery of turbid shelf seas and estuaries. In this paper we describe new optical observations at 90 stations in the tidally energetic waters along the south and west coasts of Britain. The cross sectional area of the particles in suspension has been measured with a LISST laser diffraction instrument. Light scattering and absorption coefficients have been determined by applying Kirk’s method to radiometric measurements at 6 wavelengths. Results show that the scattering coefficient increases linearly with particle cross sectional area A per unit volume of water with a slope (scattering efficiency) of 1.96 (standard error 0.08) at 665 nm. Particle absorption coefficients aP also increase with particle cross sectional area but at the most turbid stations, particle absorption per unit area (aP/A) is observed to increase with the mean size of the particles in suspension. The particles are mostly mineral flocs which become more opaque as they grow larger and the photon path length through them increases. The implication of these results for remote sensing is that reflectance in the red part of the spectrum, which mainly depends on light scattering, is proportional to the cross sectional area of particles in suspension. Reflectance measurements in the green and blue parts of the spectrum, where particle absorption becomes more important, depend on the diameter of the particles as well as their cross sectional area. We show that simultaneous measurements of reflectance in the red and green parts of the spectrum can be used to derive both the area and size of the particles in suspension. 相似文献
5.
We demonstrate the possibility of determination of the spectral characteristics of absorption and backward scattering of light
in the Black Sea according to the data of a SeaWiFS satellite device. We use specially selected data of observations obtained under favorable atmospheric conditions. It is shown
that the results of calculations performed by using different methods are almost identical and weakly depend on the model
parameters of the spectral course of the coefficients of absorption of light by yellow substance and its scattering by suspended
particles. 相似文献
6.
The solar light field within the ocean from the sea surface to the bottom of the mesopelagic zone was simulated with a radiative transfer model that accounts for the presence of inelastic radiative processes associated with Raman scattering by water molecules, fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and fluorescence of chlorophyll-a contained in phytoplankton. The simulation results provide a comprehensive characterization of the ambient light field and apparent optical properties (AOPs) across the entire visible spectral range within the depth range 200–1000 m of the entire mesopelagic zone for varying chlorophyll-a concentration and seawater optical properties in the mixed surface layer of the ocean. With increasing depth in the mesopelagic zone, the solar irradiance is reduced by ~9–10 orders of magnitude and exhibits a major spectral maximum in the blue, typically centered around a light wavelength of 475 nm. In the green and red spectral regions, the light levels are significantly lower but still important owing to local generation of photons via inelastic processes, mostly Raman scattering and to a lesser extent CDOM fluorescence. The Raman scattering produces a distinct secondary maximum in irradiance spectra centered around 565 nm. Comparisons of our results with light produced by the radioactive decay of the unstable potassium isotope contained in sea salt (40K) indicates that the solar irradiance dominates over the 40K-produced irradiance within the majority of the mesopelagic zone for most scenarios considered in our simulations. The angular distribution of radiance indicates the dominance of downward propagation of light in the blue and approach to uniform distribution in the red throughout the mesopelagic zone. Below the approximate depth range 400–500 m, the shape of the angular distribution is nearly invariant with increasing depth in the green and red and varies weakly in the blue. The AOPs at any light wavelength also assume nearly constant values within the deeper portion of the mesopelagic zone. These results indicate that the mesopelagic light field reaches a nearly-asymptotic regime at depths exceeding ~400–500 m. 相似文献
7.
水体石油类信息遥感提取模式研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
石油类是水体有机污染物中的一种,其对水体吸收系数的影响主要体现在有色可溶性有机物(chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)的光吸收特性上。在水色遥感领域,CDOM光吸收特性主要用其在参考波段的吸收系数和光谱斜率来表征。利用2008年5月、2009年8月和2010年6月在辽宁省盘锦市辽河油田境内获取的CDOM吸收系数、水体表观光学特性以及石油类污染浓度等试验数据,确定表征石油类污染水体CDOM吸收光谱特性的光谱斜率;根据光谱斜率以及表征CDOM浓度的440 nm参考波段吸收系数,建立遥感反演水体石油类污染浓度的模式,并利用31个野外现场实测值对模式精度进行了验证,结果表明,该模式的相对误差为7%;将该模式应用于国产卫星环境一号遥感数据,获取双台子河及辽东湾近岸水体石油类污染空间分布图。 相似文献
8.
9.
众多海洋观测数据表明,在真光层深度范围内,海水固有光学特性和光学有效组分的剖面分层分布是广泛存在的,而很多遥感反演模型的建立基于均一分布假设,尤其是在经验模型的建立中,往往只利用某一深度或各深度平均的光学有效组分浓度与水体光谱的统计关系。文章通过模拟平静水面水下光的辐射传输,分别研究了叶绿素、无机悬浮物浓度垂直分布结构对水下辐照度比的影响,并对比了两类分层水体权重函数等效浓度计算式及相应水下辐照度比,结果表明,对于分层水体,透射深度和层化强度是影响等效浓度值计算误差的主要因素,透射越深,表层层化越强,水体层化对水下辐照度比的影响就越大,但其计算误差也越大。Gondon等效浓度计算结果比较接近实际值,而Zaneveld计算式则高估了分层水体的等效浓度值。 相似文献
10.
基于2007年8月海洋光学浮标在珠江口投放期间获得的近16天的实测生物光学数据, 对一次藻华过程中水体总吸收系数和水色光谱的变化特性及其相互关系进行了研究。结果表明, 藻华前后水体中非藻类物质尤其是有色溶解有机物在蓝光波段具有较强的吸收贡献, 而当藻华爆发时, 随着叶绿素a浓度的急剧增大, 浮游植物的吸收贡献明显增强; 各波段之间总吸收系数呈现出较好的线性相关关系, 吸收光谱蓝绿波段比值的变化对遥感反射率的光谱分布有重要的贡献; 据此建立了对水体总吸收系数反演的经验关系模型, 表现出较高的反演精度, 计算值与实测值之间相对偏差的均方根在可见光波段可控制在24%以内。 相似文献
11.
Toru Hirawake Hiroo Satoh Takashi Ishimaru Yukuya Yamaguchi Motoaki Kishino 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(3):245-260
Both historic and currently operational chlorophyll algorithms of the satellite-borne ocean color sensors, such as SeaWiFS, were evaluated for in situ spectral radiation and chlorophyll data in some Case I waters, including the waters in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Chlorophyll a concentration of the data set (n = 73) ranged from 0.04 to 1.01 mg m–3. The algorithms had higher accuracy for the low- and mid-latitude waters (RMSE: 0.163–0.253), specifically the most recently developed algorithms of OCTS and Sea WiFS showed 0.163 and 0.170 of Root Mean Square Errors, respectively. However, these algorithms had large errors (0.422–0.621) for the Southern Ocean data set and underestimated the surface chlorophyll by more than a factor of 2.6. The absorption coefficients in the blue spectral region retrieved from remote sensing reflectance varied in a nonlinear manner with chlorophyll a concentration, and the value in the Southern Ocean was significantly lower than that in the low- and mid-latitude waters for each chlorophyll a concentration. The underestimation of chlorophyll a concentration in the Southern Ocean with these algorithms was caused by the lower specific absorption coefficient in the region compared with the low- and mid-latitude waters under the same chlorophyll a concentration. 相似文献
12.
The performances of three semi-analytical retrieval models for water inherent optical properties were validated in the coastal Yellow Sea and East China Sea, including the Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA), the Garver-Siegel-Maritorena model (GSM) and the Over Constrained Linear Matrix (LM). The model-retrieved parameters, namely absorption coefficients of phytoplankton (a ph), colored dissolved and detrital particulate matter (a dg), total absorption coefficients (a t), and backscattering coefficient of particles (b bp), were compared. The bio-optical datasets collected from a Yellow Sea and East China Sea cruise in April and September 2003 were used in the study. The QAA model performed the best in retrieval for all the coefficients, showing log-transformed root mean square errors of 0.306 for a ph, 0.268 for a dg, 0.144 for a t, and 0.273 for b bp at 443 nm. The LM model showed a slightly larger deviation than the QAA model with a similar error trend for absorption coefficients, but it returned the largest uncertainties for b bp, with log-transformed root mean square error up to 0.646. The GSM model, however, yielded the largest and fluctuating errors along with wavelength for absorption coefficient retrievals. Substituting the fitting parameters from measured data for the empirical spectral parameters, all three models returned better results. These improvements demonstrated that semi-analytical algorithms designed for ocean water need regional modifications before applying to coastal areas. The QAA algorithm may be the most suitable model for retrieval for the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and future model refinements should concentrate on regional modeling of inherent optical properties. 相似文献
13.
The proportions and variations of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components in the East China Sea 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The East China Sea (ECS),one of the largest continental seas,has dynamic hydrology and complex optical characteristics that make ocean color remote-sensing retrieval difficult.The distributions and proportions of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components based on two large-scale investigations in the ECS are presented,showing these features in typical summer and winter seasons.The absorption coefficient a CDOM,a NAP and a phy of colored dissolved organic matter,non-algal particle,and pigment of phytoplankton show a decreasing trend from the coast to the outer shelf.According to the a CDOM distribution at 440 nm,the Changjiang River plume shows an abnormal southeastward transport.An extremely high a NAP value patch at 440 nm is present in the middle coast.The chlorophyll-a-specific phytoplankton pigment absorption (a phy) is much higher in winter than in summer,which may cause serious underestimated results when applying the averaged a phy into remote-sensing algorithms for chlorophyll concentration retrieval.The importance of phytoplankton size was evident in outer shelf waters.The absorption of a CDOM (440) is a dominant component accounting for over half of the total seawater absorption in summer.The a NAP (440) accounts for 64% of the absorption of the ECS coastal area in winter. 相似文献
14.
Average values of inherent optical properties for the 400–700 nm waveband were estimated from quantum irradiance measurements on 27 New Zealand lakes of diverse optical character, using published nomograms. Secchi disc depths, turbidity, algal pigment, non‐volatile suspended solids, and absorption by membrane‐filtered samples at 440 nm (g 440 ) were also measured. Turbidity (NTU) correlated closely with the scattering coefficient (m‐1) and these quantities were almost numerically equal, as found in other studies. The data were found to conform to an expression in the oceanographic literature relating Secchi disc depth to the beam attenuation and diffuse attenuation coefficients. Specific beam attenuation, scattering, and absorption coefficients were estimated from the coefficients of linear multiple regressions of the measured total coefficients on the variables: total pigment (chlorophyll a + phaeopigment), non‐volatile suspended solids, and g 440. The estimated values were in reasonable agreement with similar specific coefficients reported in the oceanographic literature. The coefficients provide a basis for predicting clarity in new impoundments or for predicting the effects of loading changes (e.g., of nutrients) on the clarity of existing lakes. The coefficients can be used for classifying lake waters into different optical types. 相似文献
15.
An optical model for the remote sensing of coloured dissolved organic matter in coastal/ocean waters 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An optical model is developed for the remote sensing of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in a wide range of waters within coastal and open ocean environments. The absorption of CDOM (denoted as ag) is generally considered as an exponential form model, which has two important parameters – the slope S and absorption of CDOM at a reference wavelength ag(λ0). The empirical relationships for deriving these two parameters are established using in-situ bio-optical datasets. These relationships use the spectral remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) ratio at two wavelengths Rrs(670)/Rrs(490), which avoids the known atmospheric correction problems and is sensitive to CDOM absorption and chlorophyll in coastal/ocean waters. This ratio has tight relationships with ag(412) and ag(443) yielding correlation coefficients between 0.77 and 0.78. The new model, with the above parameterization applied to independent datasets (NOMAD SeaWiFS match-ups and Carder datasets), shows good retrievals of the ag(λ) with regression slopes close to unity, little bias and low mean relative and root mean square errors. These statistical estimates improve significantly over other inversion models (e.g., Linear Matrix-LM and Garver-Siegel-Maritorena-GSM semi-analytical models) when applied to the same datasets. These results demonstrate a good performance of the proposed model in both coastal and open ocean waters, which has the potential to improve our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles and processes in these domains. 相似文献
16.
The diffuse attenuation coefficient(Kd) for downwelling irradiance is calculated from solar irradiance data measured in the Arctic Ocean during 3rd and 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE), including 18 stations and nine stations selected for irradiance profiles in sea water respectively. In this study, the variation of attenuation coefficient in the Arctic Ocean was studied, and the following results were obtained. First, the relationship between attenuation coefficient and chlorophyll concentration in the Arctic Ocean has the form of a power function. The best fit is at 443 nm, and its determination coefficient is more than 0.7. With increasing wavelength, the determination coefficient decreases abruptly. At 550 nm, it even reaches a value lower than 0.2. However, the exponent fitted is only half of that adapted in low-latitude ocean because of the lower chlorophyll-specific absorption in the Arctic Ocean. The upshot was that, in the case of the same chlorophyll concentration, the attenuation caused by phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Arctic Ocean is lower than in low-latitude ocean. Second, the spectral model, which exhibits the relationship of attenuation coefficients between 490 nm and other wavelength, was built and provided a new method to estimate the attenuation coefficient at other wavelength, if the attenuation coefficient at 490 nm was known. Third, the impact factors on attenuation coefficient, including sea ice and sea water mass, were discussed. The influence of sea ice on attenuation coefficient is indirect and is determined through the control of entering solar radiation. The linear relationship between averaging sea ice concentration(ASIC, from 158 Julian day to observation day) and the depth of maximum chlorophyll is fitted by a simple linear equation. In addition, the sea water mass, such as the ACW(Alaskan Coastal Water), directly affects the amount of chlorophyll through taking more nutrient, and results in the higher attenuation coefficient in the layer of 30–60 m. Consequently, the spectral model of diffuse attenuation coefficient, the relationship between attenuation coefficient and chlorophyll and the linear relationship between the ASIC and the depth of maximum chlorophyll, together provide probability for simulating the process of diffuse attenuation coefficient during summer in the Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
17.
基于水色遥感的黄、东海叶绿素a浓度季节和年际变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
海洋叶绿素a浓度是衡量海洋浮游植物的生物量和富营养化程度的最基本指标之一。黄、东海叶绿素a浓度年际变化显著,其影响因素需深入分析。本文依据黄、东海的地理位置、水深和生态特征将其分为5个区域进行研究。由5个区域叶绿素a浓度的季节变化可以看出,水华发生早晚依次是黄海西岸—北黄海中部—南黄海中部—东海陆架区—东海近岸海区。从年际变化可以看出,除东海陆架外,其它4个区域的变化幅度均较大。在冬季和夏季,5个区域的基础生物量在2008年均达到最低;在春季和秋季,黄、东海近岸和北黄海中部的年际变化较大,5个区域在2006年春季均达到最高;2009年秋季较其它年份均低。5个区域基础生物量由高到低为:黄、东海近岸较高,然后是北黄海中部和南黄海中部,东海陆架最低。从与水温、风速和有效光合辐射的相关分析来看,浮游植物生长的年际变化受海面风速的影响较大。近岸区域水体混合均匀,营养盐丰富,风速较小时水体稳定有利于浮游植物生长,而水深较深区域,风速较大时,营养盐易补充到表层,有利于浮游植物生长。 相似文献
18.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(9):1439-1459
Case 1 waters with high chlorophyll content can be encountered as soon as the nutrient availability is high enough and the terrestrial influence by land drainage is negligible. Offshore oceanic blooms and upwelling zones along arid coasts are instances of such waters. Their bio-optical properties are less documented compared to those of mesotrophic or oligotrophic waters. A coherent set of measurements of bio-geochemical properties (algal pigments, suspended particulate matter), inherent optical properties (absorption and scattering by water bodies and by particulate material), and apparent optical properties (hyperspectral reflectance and diffuse attenuation coefficients) was obtained within the Benguela Current, i.e. in an upwelling area with arid climate and no runoff. These data allow the bio-optical relationships in eutrophic Case 1 waters to be analyzed, and their natural variability to be compared with that previously observed in less productive waters. In addition, a comparison between eutrophic Case 1 waters and yellow substance dominated Case 2 waters can be made, since such waters are also present in the area under investigation. The coherence between the inherent and apparent optical properties is also analyzed via inversion. Despite some deficiencies in their parameterization, the existing bio-optical models for Case 1 waters were proven to be valid such that they can be extended without significant discontinuities toward the domain of high concentration (up to 30 mg m−3). In particular, those models in use for the interpretation of remotely sensed ocean color continue to apply, even if the sensitivity of current algorithms for the chlorophyll retrieval weakens owing to inescapable physical limitations in the case of high concentrations. 相似文献
19.
利用2006年夏季渤海湾驴驹河赤潮监控区实测资料,分析了水文要素、气象要素、化学要素等环境因子与叶绿素-a浓度的相关关系。结果表明,透明度、化学需氧量、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、溶解氧、pH值与叶绿素-a的相关关系较好。根据环境因子对叶绿素-a浓度的影响程度,提取主要的环境因子作为自变量,以实测的叶绿素-a浓度为因变量,通过多元回归分析建立了它们之间的定量关系。回归结果表明,渤海湾中叶绿素-a浓度同溶解氧、pH值的关系密切。本文研究结果对渤海湾叶绿素-a浓度预测指标因子的确定及渤海湾生态动力学模型变量及参数系统选取有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
20.
叶绿素-α是湖泊浮游植物现存量的重要指标，其含量能反映水中浮游植物的丰度和变化规律。研究叶绿素含量的动态变化，可以有效防止、监控湖泊富营养化的发生。以太湖为研究对象，根据其营养水平进行分区，使得不同区域内叶绿素的浓度不同，而同一区域内浓度大体一致，然后利用地理信息系统技术对每个区域内未采样点的叶绿素浓度进行插值，取区域内所有栅格的平均值作为其最终浓度。应用时间序列分析方法对太湖1998-2004年每月的叶绿素含量进行动态模拟，建立各湖区的预测模型。结果表明，中营养区I符合MA（1）模型，轻富营养区Ⅱ和中富营养区Ⅲ符合AR（1）模型，富营养区Ⅳ符合MA（5）模型，重富营养区V符合AR（6）模型。由此预测出2005年各湖区总叶绿素的含量，经前10个月实测数据的验证说明，所建模型在一定程度上能反映太湖各区域叶绿素浓度的变化。 相似文献