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河口红树林湿地CH4通量的日变化研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
甲烷(CH4)是大气中除CO2外最为丰富的含碳组分,其浓度以每年0.7%-1.1%的速率递增[1,2].尽管大气CH4含量仅为CO2的二百分之一,但却对预计的全球变暖约有20%的贡献率,而CO2的贡献率约为50%[3,4],由这些数据推算得一个分子的CH4比一个分子的CO2(目前最重要的温室气体)的增暖潜值高约80倍.很多研究者对全球大气CH4的预算结果均表明,湿地是大气CH4最重要的生物源[5,6],约占全球CH4源的40%～50%[7].湿地CH4通量的日变化研究是正确估算大时间尺度下CH4排放量(如平均年排放量和季节排放量)的基础,因而具有相当的重要性. 相似文献
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铀酰络离子在水合氧化钛上的吸附作用 Ⅱ.红外光谱研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文测定了Na4[UO2(CO3)3]、Na[UO2(OH)3]和水合氧化钛(HTO)在海水中及NaCl-NaHCO3-U水溶液中吸附铀的红外光谱,得到它们的铀酰振动光谱带,计算了表面吸附态和某些铀酰络合物配位体与中心原子的电荷迁移量,研究红外光谱特性与络合物性质之间的关系.研究还发现,海水中铀在HTO上的吸附,除了HTO作为配位体外,吸附态的其他配位体是H2O和OH,也有一部分CO32-基团.提出了吸附态结构和吸附作用机理. 相似文献
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通过对阳江东凹高含CO2油气藏的流体组分组成、P-T相图、原油生物标志化合物、天然气组分及同位素、流体包裹体进行研究,分析了高含CO2油气藏的类型、成因及成藏过程。结果表明,阳江东凹高含CO2的油气藏分为3类：第一类为含CO2溶解气的常规油藏,第二类为含CO2溶解气的挥发性油藏,第三类为含溶解烃的CO2气藏。油气藏中原油主要为浅湖-半深湖相及半深湖-深湖相烃源岩成熟阶段的产物,烃类气均为原油伴生气,CO2属于幔源型无机成因气。EP20-A井原油的充注时期为12～10.7 Ma,CO2充注时期为5.6～1.7 Ma。EP20-C井存在两期原油充注及两期CO2充注,第一期原油充注时期为14～6 Ma,为主要充注期,第二期原油充注时期为4～0 Ma,第一期CO2的充注时期为11～10 Ma,第二期CO2的充注时期为5～1.5 Ma。根据CO2<... 相似文献
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利用海-气界面浮标观测得到的高频数据,分析了春季青岛近岸海域海表二氧化碳分压(pCO2)的变化规律及驱动因素,并对海-气CO2通量进行了估算。观测期间该海域由大气的碳汇转变为碳源,主要是由海表pCO2的不断增长所致。对海表pCO2控制因素进行分析,发现温度升高是pCO2增长的主要驱动因素,生物过程起到一定的抑制作用。海表pCO2呈现出日变化特征,温度和生物因素对海表pCO2日变化的作用均与太阳辐射相关,但两者的作用相反。此外,分析发现浮标的不同采样频率会对海-气CO2通量估算产生影响,缩短采样间隔能有效降低海-气CO2通量估算的偏差,提高估算的准确性。 相似文献
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周日观测对掌握近海碳酸盐体系变化和海-气CO2交换过程是必要的,有助于降低碳源汇评估的不确定性。针对北部湾东北部的英罗湾-安铺港海域,于2018年4月和8月利用24 h定点逐时采样观测了该区域表层海水碳酸盐体系及相关要素,分析了春、夏季的表层海水CO2分压(p CO2)24 h逐时变化规律及其调控因子。观测结果表明,春、夏季p CO2变化范围分别为530～628μatm和427～748μatm,平均海-气CO2通量分别为(1.7±0.8)mmol/(m2·d)和(1.2±0.8)mmol/(m2·d),均表现为大气CO2的弱源。其中春季p CO2 24 h逐时变化受温度的影响相比夏季更显著,而夏季p CO2对潮汐作用以及区域内沿岸河流、地下水等淡水汇入引起的生物生产和呼吸代谢过程增强的响应更明显。海水升温主导了春季区域表层高p CO2的形成,夏季咸淡水的物理混合过程中增... 相似文献
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基于卫星资料建立的CCMP风场、ECMWF波浪和最新CO2分压数据, 分别用4种以风速为单参数和2种包含海况影响的双参数气体交换速率公式, 估算了全球海-气CO2通量, 发现前者的结果比后者平均小30%左右, 从整体上看, 与单参数公式相比, 双参数公式使得海洋中CO2源和汇的强度均明显增强。在此基础上, 讨论了时间平均尺度对海-气CO2通量估计的影响, 结果表明, 标量平均法比矢量平均具有更好的稳定性, 但依然使得短时间平均比长时间平均得到的CO2通量值要大, 月平均与6 h平均相比, 单参数公式和双参数公式分别使海洋的净吸收量减少33%和5%, 说明双参数公式具有较好的稳定性。研究还发现, 1988-2009年间, 全球平均风速有增大的趋势, 2006年前后出现一个极大值, 但相应的CO2年净通量基本保持稳定, 甚至其绝对值有所减小、海洋的吸收能力减弱的倾向。 相似文献
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本研究预测naa cluster中的naaB基因负责催化烟酸到6-羟基烟酸的反应。通过对NaaB的蛋白序列进行分析,发现该酶含有三个亚基,分别由naaBL1、naaBS、naaBL2基因编码,其中naaBL1和naaBL2分别编码2个含有钼辅因子结合结构的大亚基,naaBS基因编码一个含有[2Fe-2S]簇的小亚基。本研究对naaB基因进行了克隆,将构建的重组质粒pME6032-naaBL1SL2分别转化到无色杆菌(Achromobacter sp.)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中,通过HPLC和LC-MS检测验证了NaaB负责催化烟酸到6-羟基烟酸,并且在无色杆菌和大肠杆菌中NaaB均能够转化烟酸,这与之前报道烟酸羟化酶不能在大肠杆菌表达的结果不同,说明NaaB的基因编码和催化功能具有独特性。通过序列分析推测NaaB的这一特性可能跟该酶同时含有两个钼结合结构域的大亚基有关。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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