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喀喇昆仑火烧云超大型喷流-沉积成因碳酸盐型Pb-Zn矿的发现及区域成矿学意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
新疆和田火烧云Pb-Zn矿床是喀喇昆仑地区新发现的一个超大型碳酸盐型Pb-Zn矿床,产于中侏罗统龙山组灰岩中。矿体呈层状产出,与地层产状一致,主要由菱锌矿与白铅矿组成,矿石类型以纹层状、块状、角砾状及交代蚀变成因为主。矿体发育沉积超覆构造、韵律层理、粒序层理、鲕粒结构等典型的沉积结构与构造。矿石与围岩方解石的C,O同位素分析结果显示:菱锌矿与围岩方解石的C,O同位素组成相近(其δ13CPDB主要分布在0.78%~3.72‰,δ18OSMOW主要分布在21.71‰~24.87‰),C,O来源主要为海水;白铅矿δ13CPDB=-7.28~1.19‰,δ18OSMOW=10.78‰~16.81‰,C,O来源为岩浆热液与海水混合流体。矿区菱锌矿与白铅矿的C,O同位素组成与表生氧化带中的碳酸盐型Pb-Zn矿不同。火烧云铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(186±6)Ma,多宝山铅锌矿床的成矿年龄与火烧云一致。火烧云Pb-Zn矿床具原生层控特征,为喷流-沉积成因,是SEDEX型Pb-Zn矿床的新类型。火烧云碳酸岩型Pb-Zn矿的发现是Pb-Zn矿床成因研究的重要进展,表明喀喇昆仑乃至藏北地区相应构造层位具寻找同类型铅锌矿床潜力。 相似文献
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非硫化物型锌-铅矿床主要由一系列锌、铅"氧化物"组成。非硫化物型锌-铅矿床可以分为表生和深成2种类型。表生非硫化物矿床的形成主要与表生的氧化作用有关,主要含有菱锌矿、异极矿、白铅矿等;根据成矿方式的不同分为直接交代型、围岩交代型、残余-岩溶充填型。深成非硫化物矿床的形成主要与热液流体的有关,主要含有硅锌矿、菱锌矿、白铅矿等;根据形成的不同方式被分为构造控制型矿床与层状矿床。深成矿床显示与表生矿床不同的C-O同位素特点。笔者主要讨论非硫化物型铅锌矿床的特征及成因机制,并介绍中国火烧云锌-铅矿床的研究进展。火烧云铅锌矿已探明锌-铅金属资源量大于1 700万t,已成为中国新的最大铅锌矿。矿床成矿矿物以菱锌矿、白铅矿、方铅矿与闪锌矿为主,最新研究结果表明矿床主要经历2期成矿作用:早期的铅锌碳酸盐阶段(主要)与晚期的铅锌硫化物阶段。其矿床地质特征及稳定同位素特征显示火烧云铅锌矿床为深成层状(喷流)的非硫化物型锌-铅矿床。 相似文献
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火烧云矿床是我国新发现具有超大型规模的非硫化物铅锌矿床,成因倍受关注.矿床主要由菱锌矿和白铅矿组成,形成块状及少量纹层状和角砾状矿石,构成了层状矿体.赋矿围岩为中侏罗统含沉积石膏的台地相碳酸盐岩,为密西西比河谷型矿床的典型赋矿围岩,而非喷流沉积型矿床的赋矿围岩.矿石中普遍出现被白铅矿交代的方铅矿残留,表明原生矿化为硫化物.方铅矿δ34SV-CDT值为-34‰^-18‰,显示还原硫的来源与细菌还原作用作用有关,这在MVT矿床中较为常见,而在与岩浆作用有关的铅锌矿床中少见.同时,矿床也不具有与岩浆有关的热液矿化和蚀变特征,故矿床的原生硫化物矿化应为MVT型.通过菱锌矿和白铅矿的O同位素组成,计算出形成这两种矿物的流体具有低温、低δ18O值的大气降水的特征,结合白铅矿交代方铅矿的这一现象,表明目前观察到的由菱锌矿和白铅矿构成铅锌矿体系是在表生作用下直接交代原生硫化物矿体形成. 相似文献
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都匀牛角塘锌矿床地质特征及成矿控制条件初探 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
贵州都匀牛角塘锌矿床是黔东铅锌矿带南端一个中偏大型矿床,产于下寒武统清虚洞组一套厚层藻鲕白云岩中,矿体呈似层状、透镜状产出,组分简单,矿石矿物为闪锌矿、黄铁矿及少量方铅矿,脉石矿物为白云石。伴生有益组分是Cd,呈类质同象赋存于闪锌矿中,具综合利用价值。矿床经历了两个成矿阶段,早期成矿作用阶段,有用组分初步富集形成顺层稀疏浸染状细粒浅色闪锌矿化,或形成低品位矿体;后期热液改造作用阶段,褶曲和断裂作用,热液活动,改造早期矿化或矿体,实现矿床再次富集,形成富矿体,并伴生较多黄铁矿。矿床属强烈改造型层控锌矿床。 相似文献
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《西北地质》2019,(4)
近年来,青藏高原北缘喀喇昆仑铅锌找矿取得重大突破,新发现的火烧云超大型铅锌矿床已成为中国最大的铅锌矿床,矿石矿物以菱锌矿、白铅矿、水锌矿为主,也是世界第二大非硫化物铅锌矿床。矿体呈似层状产出,埋藏浅,主要为褐色块状矿石,Pb+Zn平均品位近30%。可分为3个成矿阶段。早期铅锌硫化物成矿阶段(方铅矿、闪锌矿、方解石)、中期铅锌非硫化物成矿阶段(菱锌矿、锰氧化物→菱锌矿、白铅矿、石膏)与晚期表生氧化阶段(水锌矿)。硫化物阶段方铅矿的δ34S为-18.9‰～-4.2‰,非硫化物阶段热液石膏的δ34S为-20.6‰～-7.5‰,继承了硫化物阶段矿物的硫同位素特征。Pb同位素组成集中,具有地壳来源特征,二叠系—白垩系可能提供了金属成矿物质。方解石的δ18CPDB为0.6‰～3.1‰,δ18 OSMOW为15.3‰～24.6‰,菱锌矿的δ18 CPDB为-2.7‰～4.5‰,δ18 OSMOW为10.4‰～26.1‰,来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解作用;白铅矿的δ18 CPDB为-7.7‰～4.3‰,δ18 OSMOW为9.3‰～24.3‰,同位素发生漂移,可能是与大气降水的混入有关。硫化物成矿阶段方解石中流体包裹体的3 He/4 He值为0.05～0.39 R/Ra,40 Ar/36 Ar值为296.2～428.9,方铅矿中流体包裹体的3 He/4 He值为0.03 R/Ra,40 Ar/36 Ar值为290.0,成矿流体可能为中温、低盐度、中低密度的还原性壳源流体;非硫化物成矿阶段菱锌矿中流体包裹体的3 He/4 He值为0.10～0.43 R/Ra,40 Ar/36 Ar值为290.6～295.3;白铅矿中流体包裹体的3 He/4 He值为0.08R/Ra,40 Ar/36 Ar值为293.5,成矿流体可能为中低温、低盐度、中密度的壳源流体与大气降水混合流体。综上所述,火烧云超大型铅锌矿床是盆地边缘褶皱逆冲+构造流体+次生交代成矿系统的产物,硫化物成矿阶段为构造热液成因,非硫化物成矿阶段为围岩交代成因,后期发生叠加氧化作用,形成大量水锌矿。 相似文献
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辽宁八家子铅—锌矿床的铅同位素研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
笔者对八家子矿床矿石铅、岩体长石铅和高于庄组沉积地层铅同位素的详细研究表明,矿石铅是由下地壳基底岩石铅、上地壳高于庄组沉积地层铅和高于庄组沉积矿石铅三端元混合的产物。与矿化关系密切的黑云母石英闪长岩浆来自一个铀亏损区,推测岩浆房在下地壳,岩浆上侵过程中同化了部分围岩。矿床成因类型应为沉积—岩浆热液活化型交代充填铅—锌矿床。 相似文献
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蓄集矿床是宗务隆构造带内发现的重要银铅矿床。蓄集银铅矿床赋存于石炭-二叠系宗务隆群果可山组灰岩夹千枚岩地层中,矿体呈脉状、透镜状、似层状,明显受近东西走向的断裂构造控制,矿体围岩蚀变主要为硅化和绢云母化,矿石矿物主要为方铅矿和银黝铜矿,脉石矿物主要为石英,矿石具有斑杂状和网脉状构造。对该矿床开展了S-Pb同位素组成分析。硫同位素分析结果表明矿石中硫化物矿物δ~(34)S值变化于5.0‰～8.4‰之间,显示硫主要为岩浆来源,有少量地层的贡献;铅同位素分析结果表明,矿石~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb=17.896～17.922,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.589～15.617,~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb=38.072～38.166,与围岩铅同位素组成(~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb=17.94～18.976,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.600～15.696,~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb=38.106～40.943)较为相似,而与蓄集峡口闪长岩铅同位素组成(~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb=18.144～18.589,~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb=15.623～15.636,~(208)Pb/~(204) Pb=38.790～39.033)相差较大,反映成矿物质主要来自围岩地层宗务隆群果可山组。综合分析认为,蓄集银铅矿床与宗务隆构造带晚二叠世岩浆活动关系密切,应属岩浆热液为主的热液充填-交代成因类型。 相似文献
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伊朗Angouran Zn-Pb-Ag矿床特征与成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Angouran Zn-Pb-Ag矿床是伊朗目前正在开采的最大的铅锌矿床。它位于Zagros造山带内的Sanandaj-Sirjan变质带的西北部,赋存于新元古界—寒武系大理岩和片岩建造内。矿体上部呈筒状出现在大理岩中,向下逐渐过渡为似层状、层状,出现在大理岩与云母片岩的接触带上。由上至下,出现碳酸盐型矿体、硫化物-碳酸盐混合矿体、硫化物矿体,由角砾状和块状矿石组成。硫化物主要为闪锌矿,分早期富Fe和晚期贫Fe两种,次为方铅矿。碳酸盐矿物主要是菱锌矿和方解石,前者包括早期内生成因的和晚期为次生成因的两种类型。硫化物阶段成矿期流体具有低温、高盐度的特征,为Na+-Ca2+-Cl--SO2+4卤水体系,来自蒸发的盆地卤水。C-O、S和Pb同位素特征反映出成矿流体与大理岩围岩发生了强烈的相互作用,沉淀的碳酸盐矿物一定程度继承了围岩的C-O同位素特征,硫化物中的硫主要来源于硫酸盐的热化学还原作用,金属为壳源成因。Angouran矿床缺乏岩体、后生矿化、(主要)碳酸盐岩赋矿、角砾岩容矿、成矿流体为盆地卤水来源等特征与密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床相似,而与火山成因块状硫化物(VMS)、沉积喷流型(SEDEX)、侵入体有关的热液矿床的特征差别明显,反映该矿床的硫化物成矿可能是一个MVT矿床。硫化物成矿后叠加了与火山作用有关的内生菱锌矿矿化,最后在表生作用下形成了次生的菱锌矿矿化。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献