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1.
高寒草甸区典型景观单元土壤养分空间变异性研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
应用GIS技术和地统计学空间内插法,对黄河源区达日县跨热洼尔玛流域高寒草甸小流域典型景观单元土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的空间分布特征进行了研究.结果表明: 高寒草甸土壤养分(全氮、有机质、全磷)最佳拟合模型为球状模型;在小流域尺度范围内,土壤养分空间变异性依次为: 全氮＞有机质＞全磷;其中高寒草甸土壤全氮含量具有强空间变异,块金系数(C0/(C0 C))为23.5%,有机质和全磷属于中等空间变异,其块金系数(C0/(C0 C))分别为35.9%、41.7%;全氮、有机质和全磷的有效变程分别为2 133 m、1 412 m和1 239 m.区域土壤养分影响因素分析显示: 不同植被覆盖下土壤有机质和养分的积累和平衡状况存在差异,其空间变异主要受海拔、地形、坡度、植被、根系分布状况等因素影响. 相似文献
2.
祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林土壤有机碳与化学性质的相互关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对祁连山大野口流域的青海云杉林大样地进行土壤剖面取样, 分析了样地土壤有机碳与pH值、养分和阳离子交换量等基本化学性质的变化规律及其相互关系. 结果表明: 随土层深度不断增加, 土壤有机碳含量逐渐减小, 在20～30 cm以下趋于稳定(P > 0.05); 土壤pH值不断增大, 仅在0～10 cm与10～20 cm差异显著(P<0.05); 土壤全氮、速效氮、全磷和阳离子交换量不断减小, 全氮含量在30～40 cm以下趋于稳定(P > 0.05), 速效氮含量变化剧烈(P<0.05), 全磷含量差异性不显著(P > 0.05), 阳离子交换量与有机碳含量变化规律相同; 土壤速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量没有明显的变化规律, 速效磷和全钾含量差异性不显著(P > 0.05), 速效钾含量仅在0～10 cm与10～20 cm差异显著(P<0.05). 土壤有机碳与全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量之间呈极显著和显著正相关, 与土壤pH值和全钾含量之间呈极显著和显著负相关. 土壤有机碳与其他基本化学性质的回归方程具有较高精度(R2=0.793), 影响土壤有机碳含量的主要化学因子依次为土壤阳离子交换量、速效钾和全磷含量. 相似文献
3.
基于地统计学烟区土壤养分及pH值空间异质性分析——以重庆市酉阳县岩溶区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
调查了解土壤养分及pH值空间异质性特征是制定烟区土壤养分管理与施肥决策的前提。本研究基于经典统计学和地统计学方法,分析了酉阳烟区土壤表层pH值及土壤养分要素的空间异质性特征。结果表明:酉阳烟区土壤有机质含量丰富,有效磷较缺乏;土壤养分指标的变异系数在13.11%～71.46%之间,有效磷的变异系数最大,而有机质、全氮、碱解氮在土壤中比较稳定;土壤有机质和全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有效磷呈极显著的正相关,pH值和有效磷和速效钾呈极显著的负相关;有机质、全氮、全磷及速效钾的变异函数曲线理论模型符合指数模型,而pH值和碱解氮则与球状模型拟合较好;全氮、碱解氮、全磷及有效磷表现出中等空间相关性,而有机质、全钾及速效钾的空间相关性表现较弱;分维数大小表现为:全钾的分维数最大,pH值、速效钾、有机质其次,全氮、碱解氮最少;土壤养分及pH值空间分布在东西和南北方向具有显著性差异,且在东西方向上的变异要高于南北方向。酉阳烟区土壤养分空间相关性不强,说明地形、施肥及耕作等随机性因素能够显著影响烟区土壤养分空间异质性。 相似文献
4.
喀斯特山区不同石漠化等级下土壤养分贮量与价值评估——以乌箐、偏岩等岩溶小流域为例 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨石漠化等级对土壤养分贮量与经济价值的影响,以贵州省金沙县喀斯特山区无石漠化农耕地(Ⅰ)为对照,在研究潜在(Ⅱ)、轻度(Ⅲ)、中度(Ⅳ)、重度(Ⅴ)石漠化土壤养分含量变化的基础上,采用土壤养分库贮量计算方法和价值替代法计算评估了不同石漠化等级下土壤养分贮量及其潜在价值。结果表明:(1)0~40cm土层有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾含量分别为32.31~104.12g/kg、1.35~2.87g/kg、76.90~124.00mg/kg、0.49~1.12g/kg、1.03~10.71mg/kg,12.25~26.22g/kg、114.35~245.35mg/kg;(2)土壤养分总贮量和有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾贮量依次为3.79~61.41t/hm2和2.55~48.56t/hm2、0.13~1.36t/hm2、0.04~0.52t/hm2、1.07~10.97t/hm2;(3)土壤养分总价值和有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾价值分别为0.86~9.80万元/hm2和0.08~1.55万元/hm2、0.29~3.08万元/hm2、0.04~0.53万元/hm2、0.45~4.64万元/hm2;(4)土壤养分贮量、价值均以Ⅰ最高,Ⅴ最低,随着石漠化程度加剧,土壤养分含量、贮量和价值均下降。 相似文献
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6.
土壤养分的空间分布特征是合理平衡施肥及实现特色优质农业的重要依据.通过对湖南省汨罗市耕地区土壤进行1:5万土地质量地球化学调查,分析了土壤的pH值、有机质(OM)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)等养分要素,采用地统计学方法与GIS相结合的方法对土壤养分要素空间分布特征及其变异规律进行研究.结果表明:汨罗市耕地区土壤整体呈弱酸性(pH值<7),有机质和氮含量相对富集;各项指标中磷含量变异系数最大,pH值的变异系数最小.地统计学方法表明,钾的空间相关性极强,其余养分要素空间相关性中等,空间变异程度依次为:K>pH>N>OM>P.综合分析成土母质、土壤类型、土地利用类型等因素,GIS空间分析解析出了土壤养分空间分布规律:有机质与氮空间分布情况相近,呈现出西部和中部城区分布较高,其余地区较为均衡;pH值与磷在地域上呈一定的均匀分布;钾分布具有较强的规律性,中西部含量较高,向东南逐级递减. 相似文献
7.
黄河三角洲沉积物重金属、氮和磷污染研究 总被引：28，自引：5，他引：28
黄河三角洲河流、沼泽、湖坪环境主要为粉砂质沉积、重金属Cd,Pb,Zn和Hg的含量范围分别为0．07－0．30μg/g，9．7－36．3μg/g，37．4－110μg/g和0．01－0．25μg/g，Cu,Ni,Cr和Mn的含量范围分别为18．4－58．0μg/g，17．9－43．7μg/g，38．7－80．7μg/g和423－980μg/g。由于Pb,Zn,Cd和Hg的含量较低，Cu,Ni,Cr和Mn的含量与背景值无明显差别，黄河三角洲沉积可能未遭受明显的污染。黄河三角洲富粘土粒级的粉砂质沉积明显富集重金属。但若排除其影响，黄河口沉积物剖面从下至上Pb,Zn,Cd和Hg含量仍呈现上升趋势，反映出自八十年代以来黄河流域经济快速增长对环境的影响。黄河三角洲沉积物的总氮含量一般较低（110－670μg/g)，其中NH3态氮的比例仅为0．01－0．06。沉积物中总磷含量为430－760μg/g，主要为钙磷酸盐，以FePO4和AlPO4形式存在的磷的含量仅分别占0．00－0．08和0．00－0．03。因此，沉积物的氮和磷不会对环境产生较严重的影响。 相似文献
8.
石漠化区植被恢复过程凋落叶分解特征及其对土壤有机碳/氮的影响——以重庆中梁山为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用凋落物分解袋及样品室内分析的方法,研究了石漠化脆弱生态区植被恢复不同阶段主要建群种凋落叶分解及有机碳、氮释放动态及其与土壤团聚体有机碳、氮之间的关系。结果表明:(1)各植被恢复阶段凋落叶分解系数介于0.73～1.33之间,不同阶段之间表现为,草地<灌丛<乔木林<灌乔林,人工樟树林介于乔木林与灌乔林之间。(2)各植被恢复阶段凋落叶有机碳、氮净释放率介于58.5%～72.9%与21.2%～63.9%之间,有机碳在分解期间表现为净释放,有机碳、氮释放率随植被恢复年限的延长呈增加的趋势。(3)凋落叶分解与养分释放对土壤有机碳、氮含量的提高有促进作用。其中,凋落叶分解系数与0.25～1 mm、<0.25 mm粒径团聚体轻组有机碳、氮之间关系密切。在植被恢复过程中,凋落叶分解速率及有机碳、氮释放率随恢复年限延长而呈增加趋势,凋落叶分解对土壤有机碳、氮有重要影响,轻组有机碳、氮优先向小粒径团聚体输入,小粒径团聚体在土壤有机碳、氮积累中有重要作用。凋落叶分解一方面能为植物生长提供养分,同时也促进土壤有机质的形成与积累,植被恢复过程中应加强水土保持、提高土壤层的养分保蓄与抗水土流失能力。 相似文献
9.
为探究喀斯特地区不同植被条件下碳酸盐岩石发育土壤属性的分布特征及其影响因素,以贵阳市花溪区范围内的碳酸盐岩石（石灰岩、灰质白云岩和白云岩）发育土壤为研究对象,采集不同植被类型下0～40 cm土壤,分析不同植被类型、基岩类型、土层层次对土壤性质分布特征的影响。结果表明：基岩和植被类型是影响碳酸盐岩石发育成为土壤的主要影响因素,其次是土壤层次。在0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层中,石灰岩、灰质白云岩和白云岩发育土壤的肥力和颗粒均差异显著,而0～20 cm与20～40 cm土层间,除石灰岩发育土壤石砾含量（SLC）和细颗粒比（<0.002 mm）,白云岩发育土壤速效磷（AP）和有机质（SOM）含量外,同类基岩发育土壤性质无显著差异;在0～40 cm土层,基岩类型显著影响土壤pH、AP、SLC、速效氮（AN）、全氮（TN）、SOM、0.2～0.25 mm和0.002～0.02 mm颗粒的分布;植被类型显著影响石灰岩发育土壤pH、AP、TN含量,白云岩形成土壤的pH、SLC、粗颗粒（0.25～2 mm）和细颗粒,灰质白云岩形成土壤的AN、SOM、粗颗粒和细颗粒;土壤层次显著影响石灰岩发... 相似文献
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露天煤矿生态地质环境系统恢复过程中,排于地表的不同年代地质层组的岩土剥离物都有可能成为复垦土壤母质。为科学合理利用矿区岩土剥离物,重构高质量复垦土壤,并指导后期分类排放,以平朔露天矿区黄土母质作为对照,评价不同类型岩土理化性状差异,从复垦土壤母质来源进行造地的源头控制,为露天煤矿土地复垦与生态修复提供依据。结合单项养分含量及有益微量元素含量分析结果,借助修正的内梅罗综合指数法,评价各岩土层肥力质量;借助单因子质量指数法,评价各岩土层环境质量。结果表明:各岩土层综合肥力系数位于0.40～1.26范围内,属贫瘠或一般水平;安家岭矿中2个煤矸石层的有机质或全氮含量、上部页岩层的全钾含量,以及东露天矿中炭质泥岩层的全磷含量丰富,显著高于黄土母质层;东露天矿底部细砂岩层及安家岭矿中泥灰岩层硫含量过高;东露天矿镉元素环境质量指数为1.05,属轻微污染等级;安家岭矿底部细砂岩层pH值低至4.25,酸度过大。平朔露天矿大多岩土层环境质量较好,但综合肥力质量较差,其中单项养分含量丰富,环境质量安全且易于风化的岩土层,适宜作为重构复垦土壤的备选材料。 相似文献
11.
水体富营养化与水体沉积物释放营养盐 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
水体富营养化已经成为世界水环境面临的最为重要的问题.简要介绍了中国水体富营养化的现状和水体富营养化的成因.着重阐述了在截断外源污染后,水体沉积物对营养盐的释放及其主要影响因素,并提出了目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向,为水体富营养化的研究、预防和治理工作提供了系统、科学的理论依据. 相似文献
12.
Role of selected riparian herbs in reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss under simulated rainfall 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
The native riparian herbs such as Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. Br., Cassia tora L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Sida acuta burm f., dominant on the bank of River Damodar in Eastern Jharia Area, Dhanbad (India), were selected to assess experimentally
their quantitative role in conserving the soil and reducing water runoff and nutrient (N and P) losses. A total of 42.5 mm
simulated rainfall were applied at 30 cm h−1 rain intensity on both vegetated and bare plots. The collected runoff water and eroded soil from each plot were determined
in terms of soil, water and nutrient conservation value (CV). Among the vegetated plots, soil CV ranged from 30 to 85% and
water CV from 20 to 48%. Nutrient (N and P) CV varied from 22 to 65% for total-N, 48 to 80% for ammonia-N and 50 to 86% for
nitrate-N. CV for total-P varied from 40 to 62%, inorganic-P from 42 to 60% and organic-P from 20 to 58%. In a stepwise multiple
regression equation comprising four independent variables (canopy cover, litter mass, soil moisture and plant biomass), canopy
cover explained 70–88% (P < 0.01) of variability in conserving soil, water and nutrient. The losses through runoff water and eroded soil from vegetated
plots were found to be minimized to a great extent as compared to bare plots. The role of these species in maintaining the
texture and fertility status of riparian soil is discussed. 相似文献
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Impact of aquaculture on eutrophication in Changshou Reservoir 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
1INTRODUCTION EUTROPHICATIONCANBEUNDERSTOODASAPHENOME NONOFTHEENRICHMENTOFNUTRIENTSINAWATERBODY.THE MOSTIMPORTANTNUTRIENTSTHATCAUSEEUTROPHICATIONARE PHOSPHATES,NITRATESANDAMMONIA(CAIQINGHUA,1993;HORNEANDGOLDMAN,1994).THEMOSTPROMI NENTFEATURESOFEUTROPHICWATERSARETHEHIGHCONTENTS OFNUTRIENTSANDTHEABUNDANCEOFPLANKTONSORATTACHED ALGAE.EUTROPHICATIONISACOMMONPHENOMENO… 相似文献
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Enteromorpha intestinalis is a bloom-forming species of macroalgae associated with eutrophication. The objective of this study was to investigate how
this alga performs osmoregulation and nutrient uptake in order to proliferate under environmental conditions that covary with
eutrophication. We quantified the response ofE. intestinalis to salinity, light, and nutrients. We performed two short-term (48 h) laboratory experiments (salinity alone and salinity
× nutrients × light) to examine the algal responses of tissue water, potassium (K+), and nutrient (NO
3
−
and total N) content. Tissue water content decreased with increasing salinity, and although K+ concentration decreased from the initial concentration, it decreased less with increased salinity treatment demonstrating
two mechanisms to withstand short-term salinity fluctuation. The salinity × nutrient × light experiment showed that, in the
short term, light had an interaction with tissue K+. Total tissue N content was positively related to N treatment level, and light did not affect total nutrient concentration.
The effect of light was present whether the nutrients were present in the tissue as inorganic or organic forms. With reduced
light, we hypothe size that the assimilation of inorganic to organic N was energy limited. The ability of this alga to take
up available nutrients rapidly for growth and short-term osmoregulation, even under low light and salinity levels, helps to
explain the bloom potential ofE. intestinalis. 相似文献
15.
Y. M. Zhao C. L. Duan L. L. Wu H. J. Zhang J. F. He Y. Q. He 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(4):719-728
Research on recycling waste printed circuit boards is at the forefront of preventing environmental pollution and finding ways to recycle resources. A wet process for reclaiming metals from printed circuit boards applying a tapered diameter separation bed is described, and the separation mechanism of the device is proposed. The motion of a particle in the tapered diameter fluid flow field and particle separation within this field were studied. As the material passes through the fluid field, along with the water, differences in particle density, granularity, and shape cause particles to follow at different trajectories. A tapered diameter separation bed was used to process 1?C0.074?mm-sized crushed material from discarded printed circuit boards. The separation efficiency of 91.77?% and the recovery rate of 95.79?% for recovered metal were achieved with a discharge water flow rate of 4.5m3/h, a material feed rate of 300?g/min, and an obliquity of 30°. For ?0.074?mm printed circuit boards, the metal recovery is 93.42?% and the separation efficiency is 77.63?% when the water discharge is 2?m3/h, the obliquity is 35o, and the material feed rate is 450?g/min. The superfine products in a size range of ?0.074?mm can be recovered effectively under suitable operating condition using the tapered diameter separation bed. It indicates that the lower separation limit of the tapered diameter separation bed can be close to zero. The technique will prevent environmental pollution from waste printed circuit boards and allow efficient recovery. 相似文献
16.
为保护三峡库区水环境,应对库区支流富营养化演变态势进行模拟预测.以受三峡水库蓄水影响显著的代表性支流大宁河为例,在考虑营养盐、气候条件(包括水温和光照)对藻类生长速率影响的基础上,针对三峡库区特点,着重研究水动力条件对藻类生长速率的影响规律,进行富营养化模型综合开发研究,并利用三峡水库蓄水后大宁河回水影响区河段实测资料进行模型验证计算.结果表明,该模型能较好地反映三峡水库蓄水后,库区支流水环境条件发生显著变化状态下藻类生长繁衍特点,能够用来进行三峡库区富营养化预测,也可为其他类似水域研究富营养化问题提供参考. 相似文献
17.
污水中的悬浮物、盐分和有机营养物对土壤孔隙状况产生了深刻的影响.通过室内模拟和CT(computed tomography)扫描的方法, 定量研究污水灌溉条件下土壤孔隙数、孔隙度及形态特征.结果表明: 与对照点相比, 污水灌溉区上层土壤总孔隙数和大孔隙数(当量直径≥1.00 mm)均显著升高, 而下层土壤总孔隙数、大孔隙数、粗孔隙数(当量直径为0.26~1.00 mm)、总孔隙度、大孔隙度和粗孔隙度均显著降低(p＜0.05);在模拟悬浮液和盐液灌溉条件下, 土壤总孔隙数、粗孔隙数和粗孔隙度均有所升高, 而大孔隙数、总孔隙度、大孔隙度和孔隙成圆率均有所降低; 在模拟营养液灌溉条件下, 土壤总孔隙数、大孔隙数、粗孔隙数和粗孔隙度均有所增加, 而孔隙成圆率有所降低; 对于研究区土壤来说, 悬浮液灌溉对土壤孔隙的影响效应强于盐液灌溉; 对于同种性质的污水灌溉来说, 污灌对对照点土壤孔隙的影响效应强于污灌区土壤. 相似文献
18.
Eutrophication and the development of persistent opportunistic macroalgal blooms are recognised as one of the main detrimental effects of increased anthropogenic pressures on estuarine and coastal systems. This study aimed to highlight the interplay between pressures and controlling physical factors on ecosystem functioning. The hypothesis that hydrological regime can control the growth of opportunistic macroalgae was tested with the study of two Irish estuaries, the Argideen and the Blackwater, with similar nutrient loading sources but divergent hydrological regimes. Seasonal monitoring data was initially examination, while the application of a pre-existing box model allowed a further analysis of the influence of residence time and nutrient load modifications on macroalgal growth. Seasonal oscillations in monitored river flow rates altered nutrient transfer from the catchments to the estuaries in both cases, as is shown through differences between winter and summer nutrient concentrations. In the Argideen, however, the relative contribution of phosphorus (P) from adjacent marine waters was high due to the shorter residence times and greater influx of marine water into the estuary. Modelling studies showed that in the Argideen Estuary, P load reduction would have potentially minimal impact on macroalgal growth due to the shorter residence time which increased the influx of P from marine sources. Nitrogen (N) load reduction of 60 % had a significant, albeit limited, impact on macroalgae and was insufficient in achieving the environmental objectives for this waterbody. For the more river-dominated Blackwater Estuary, modelled reductions in P resulted in a considerable decrease in biomass. Any further P decreases would accentuate the existing disparity in estuarine N:P ratios with possible repercussions for N transport to the coastal system. Hence, the hydrological complexity of estuarine systems demonstrated dictates that a portfolio of separate, but complimentary, management approaches may be required to address eutrophication in these estuaries. 相似文献
19.
分布式采集了玄武湖底长期暴露的底泥,分析了底泥营养物的分层分布及其理化特性对湖泊水质的影响强度。通过动态换水试验,研究了复水过程中暴露底泥营养盐的释放过程和上覆水总磷、总氮浓度变化对水土界面物质交换的作用关系以及对水体富营养化程度的影响机制。实验及模拟表明:由于湖泥表层长期暴露,有机及结合态营养盐降解为无机态营养盐,即使复水过程中使用清水,但由于干涸湖床沉积物总磷T-P、总氮T-N的垂直分布,也将严重导致内源营养盐释放总量持续增加,在相对长时间内,上覆水总磷浓度仍维持在较高(01mg/L)水平。研究成果为实施生态修复,治理复水后湖体富营养化提供了理论和实验依据。 相似文献
20.
Nutrient limitation of the rhizophytic macroalgaPenicillus capitatus found associated with subtropical seagrass meadows in Bermuda was determined from enrichment assays and subsequent tissue analyses. The photosynthetic response ofP. capitatus to additions of inorganic nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P), measured as oxygen evolution in closed incubation chambers, increased significantly in both the 16 h and 6 d experiments only with nitrogen enrichment. The average photosynthetic response for all treatments was virtually identical in the two experiments, indicating that there was not a significant time lag in nutrient uptake and that the short term (16 h) assay accurately reflected the longer term (6 d) photosynthetic response to nutrient enrichment. Average tissue nitrogen levels for the nitrogen-treated algae were 29% higher than the phosphorus-treated algae and 18% greater than the controls, corroborating the results from the photosynthesis assay.P. capitatus may acquire nutrients directly from sediment sources via rhizoid holdfasts. Ratios of total dissolved nitrogen (TN) to total dissolved phosphorus (TP) in pore water at 10 and 20 cm depths (6.1 and 4.5, respectively) indicate a nitrogen-limited nutrient pool. These low pore water TN:TP ratios may be a function of a limited sorptive capacity of the calcium carbonate sediments for phosphate, anthropogenic nutrient inputs, or high rates of denitrification, all of which would induce N rather than P limitation in these carbonate-rich sediments. 相似文献