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1.
俯冲板片中微量元素的活动性:西天山榴辉岩相运输脉的制约 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
西天山的基性高压变质岩显示互相连接的榴辉岩相脉体网络来源于蓝片岩的进变质脱水作用,通过这些网脉可以洞察在俯冲带高压条件下远程流体流动中的流体-岩石相互作用和元素负载。岩相学证据表明外来流体的渗透作用产生运输脉,而流体持续的沟道式流动导致主岩蓝片岩的淋滤。脉和蓝片岩蚀变带中锂(Li)的含量几乎是蓝片岩主岩中锂的两倍,它支持流体是外部来源的设想。这些流体触发了蓝片岩主岩的榴辉岩化作用而形成蓝片岩蚀变带。由于成脉流体中的微量元素含量低,所以导致与流体发生化学反应的主岩中所有微量元素的强烈淋滤。在此过程中有53%~81%的微量元素被活化,与大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素的损失相符合,它们的损失量几乎是重稀土元素和高场强元素损失量的两倍。 相似文献
2.
俯冲带流体作用的地球化学示踪 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
俯冲带流体包括俯冲带岩石脱水形成的水流体和熔融作用产生的熔体。俯冲带流体循环及伴随的化学作用是壳幔演化和物质交换的重要机制。岛弧火山岩地球化学研究可以示踪流体的性质、成分。造山带变质岩内高压脉是俯冲带流体活动的直接记录。通过高压脉及其主岩地球化学研究 ,可以示踪流体成分和来源。俯冲带水流体成分与流体释放深度有关 ,俯冲带深处 ( >5 0km)形成的水流体内溶质相当可观。水流体流动方式有大规模沟道式和小规模弥散式 ,与其相应的流体来源分别为外来的和内部的。俯冲带流体组分、流动方式、物质交换机制与俯冲带深度、热状态、物质结构的定量关系 ,以及矿物 /水流体间元素分配系数的高压实验可能将是俯冲带流体今后研究的重要课题。中国西天山高压变质带榴辉岩及蓝片岩中广泛发育高压脉 ,根据脉的矿物组合 ,高压脉可分成 4种类型。高压脉氧同位素研究表明 ,脉体与流体间氧同位素交换宏观与局部平衡 ,流体活动为大规模的 ;流体活动方式既有沟道式 ,又有渗透式 ;流体的δ18O值为 + 10 .8‰左右 ,流体来源于主岩经过海水低温蚀变的大洋玄武岩。西天山广泛发育的高压脉 (尤其是蓝片岩中的高压脉的发现目前在世界范围尚属首例 ) ,是研究古俯冲带流体作用良好的野外天然实验室。 相似文献
3.
羌塘中部高压变质带的形成过程 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
羌塘中部高压变质带由榴辉岩、石榴石白云母片岩和蓝片岩等组成,与蛇绿混杂岩、晚古生代浅变质地层岩片等共同构成了龙木错-双湖板块缝合带这一构造混杂岩带,是伴随古特提斯洋闭合的深俯冲作用及后期构造作用的产物。通过对其野外地质特征、不同岩石类型岩石学、矿物学以及同位素年代学等的研究,确认榴辉岩和石榴石白云母片岩在早期分别经历了各自的形成过程,在榴辉岩形成之后的折返过程中二者共同构成了高压变质带,并且在折返过程中榴辉岩发生蓝片岩相退变质作用,同时导致了带内蓝片岩的形成。同位素年代学研究结果表明,龙木错-双湖板块缝合带闭合过程中的榴辉岩相变质作用发生于240Ma左右,折返过程中的蓝片岩相退变质作用及蓝片岩的形成应在220～200Ma,高压变质带最终在214Ma之前抬升出露地表。 相似文献
4.
北阿尔金高压/低温(HP/LT)变质岩呈构造岩片分布在俯冲-增生杂岩中，主要由强变形的变质沉积岩(泥质片岩、钙质片岩和石英片岩)和少量呈透镜状分布在变沉积岩中的蓝片岩和榴辉岩组成，与相邻的蛇绿混杂岩呈断层接触。榴辉岩主要矿物为绿辉石、石榴子石、多硅白云母、石英、冻蓝闪石，含少量蓝闪石、绿泥石、方解石、钠长石、榍石。蓝片岩主要矿物为蓝闪石、石榴子石、碳酸盐类矿物、阳起石、绿帘石、钠云母、绿泥石、钠长石和石英，偶见多硅白云母，其中在部分蓝片岩的石榴子石中有少量硬柱石和绿辉石包体。本文对蓝片岩(样品A06-16-7)和榴辉岩(样品A03-3-5.3)开展了岩石学和相平衡模拟研究，得到它们形成的压力峰期的温压条件分别是：T=～524℃、P=～2.1GPa和T=～527℃、P=～2.2GPa,并均经历了后期蓝片岩相的退变质叠加。结合区域上已有的研究表明，北阿尔金HP/LT混杂岩片中不同类型岩石可能经历了不同的变质演化历史，反映了古俯冲隧道的不均匀性，并在俯冲隧道的较浅部混杂在一起，共同经历了蓝片岩相或蓝片岩-绿片岩过渡相条件下的透入性变形作用。 相似文献
5.
位于中国南天山的西天山高压变质带代表了伊犁-中天山与塔里木两个板块间古生代南天山洋的古俯冲混杂岩带.高压变质带内广泛发育高压脉.为探讨古俯冲深部流体来源及运移特点及板块俯冲特征,对高压脉和主岩的全岩及主要的高压变质矿物的氧同位素进行了分析.高压脉的δ18O值变化于+8.28‰与+10.70‰之间,多数在+9.50‰±1范围内.基性变质岩的主岩与高压脉具相似的氧同位素组成,变化于+9.25‰～+10.10‰之间.高压脉和主岩的全岩δ18O值变化不大.高压脉与相邻主岩间、同一高压脉中间与边部间氧同位素组成的变化没有明显的规律,一般变化不大,对于大多数脉-主岩对,变化小于1‰.与全岩完全不同的是,单矿物氧同位素组成显示出很大的变化范围,石英、石榴石、绿辉石的δ18O值分别为+11.40‰～+15.20‰,+3.59‰～+11.60‰和+8.30‰～+13.05‰,多硅白云母和蓝闪石δ18O的变化较小,分别为+10.00‰～+11.10‰和+9.26‰～+9.94‰.榴辉质岩石中高压变质矿物间氧同位素分馏广泛不平衡.全岩氧同位素组成特征表明,俯冲带深部流体主体来自邻近主岩,外来流体对氧同位素贡献有限.单矿物氧同位素广泛不平衡特征可能指示古俯冲带俯冲板片的快速俯冲和折返以及部分外来流体的参与. 相似文献
6.
东素岭商南地区的蓝片岩不是典型的蓝闪片岩相,它是由镁钠闪石、青铝闪石、多硅白云母和钠长岩等组成的高压低温绿片岩相。秦岭印支造山带是一个纯粹的陆间带,因为华北板块和杨子板块在早古生代末期已经碰撞。那里的蓝片岩是由于陆内俯冲而形成。 相似文献
7.
东素岭商南地区的蓝片岩不是典型的蓝闪片岩相,它是由镁钠闪石、青铝闪石、多硅白云母和钠长岩等组成的高压低温绿片岩相。秦岭印支造山带是一个纯粹的陆间带,因为华北板块和杨子板块在早古生代末期己经碰撞。那里的蓝片岩是由于陆内俯冲而形成。 相似文献
8.
新疆西南天山哈布腾苏河高压-超高压变质带中榴辉岩和蓝片岩的岩石学及变质演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对西南天山哈布腾苏河一带出露的典型榴辉岩和蓝片岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物化学和温压条件综合研究。榴辉岩可分为蓝闪石榴辉岩、钠云母榴辉岩、绿帘石榴辉岩和蓝闪石榴角闪岩(退变榴辉岩)4类,蓝片岩可分为含蓝闪石石榴白云母钠长片岩、石榴白云母蓝闪片岩和石榴白云母蓝闪石英片岩3类。新鲜榴辉岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+绿辉石+钠云母+绿帘石,退变榴辉岩则为石榴石+蓝闪石+角闪石;蓝片岩主要矿物组合为石榴石+蓝闪石+多硅白云母+钠云母+钠长石+石英。榴辉岩和蓝片岩中石榴石变斑晶均保存进变质生长环带,从核部到边部XMn和XFe降低,XMg和XCa升高,指示了升温进变质的演化过程。根据榴辉岩矿物共生组合、石榴石内部包体组合分布特征及传统地质温压计估算结果,确定榴辉岩经历了4阶段的变质演化:早期硬柱石蓝片岩相进变质阶段、峰期榴辉岩相变质阶段(t=543～579℃,p=1.5～1.6 GPa)、峰后绿帘蓝片岩相退变质阶段(t=～450℃,p1.0GPa)和晚期蓝闪绿片岩相退变质阶段(t400℃,p0.5 GPa)。利用p-T视剖面图计算的榴辉岩、蓝片岩峰期变质温压条件与传统地质温压计估算结果十分相近,其中榴辉岩的峰期变质条件t=520～550℃,p=1.7～1.9 GPa;蓝片岩峰期变质条件t=520～620℃,p=1.7～2.3 GPa。本文估算的榴辉岩峰期变质压力条件与前人根据柯石英的发现而认为研究区部分榴辉岩及其围岩曾经历超高压变质作用的认识明显相悖,原因可能如下:①后期退变质作用引起研究区榴辉岩全岩成分、矿物化学成分的调整,在采用Grt-Cpx-Phe温压计和以全岩成分为基础的相平衡模拟方法估算峰期温压条件时受到影响,从而使估算峰期压力条件普遍偏低;②西南天山的榴辉岩可能并非全都经历了超高压变质作用,高压、超高压榴辉岩可能分别代表了不同变基性岩块在不同俯冲深度变质的产物。 相似文献
9.
藏北羌塘中部戈木日榴辉岩的岩石学、矿物学及变质作用pTt轨迹 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
羌塘中部榴辉岩位于龙木错－双湖缝合带中段,改则县古姆乡片石山地区。榴辉岩的主要矿物成分为石榴子石、绿辉石、多硅白云母、金红石、角闪石等,围岩为石榴白云母片岩和蓝片岩,石榴白云母片岩主要由石榴子石、多硅白云母和石英构成,蓝片岩由石榴子石、角闪石（含蓝闪石）、多硅白云母等构成。岩石学和矿物学研究显示,榴辉岩主要经历了3期变质作用：①峰期榴辉岩相变质作用阶段,以石榴子石、绿辉石和多硅白云母为特征,变质温度和压力分别为500℃和2.3GPa;②绿帘角闪岩相变质作用阶段,以后期形成的冻蓝闪石、镁红闪石、绿帘石、钠长石等交代早期矿物为特征;③绿片岩相变质作用阶段,以毛发状阳起石等为特征。榴辉岩的变质演化过程代表了青藏高原北部古特提斯洋俯冲消减和冈瓦纳与劳亚大陆碰撞造山的过程。 相似文献
10.
详细的野外研究结果表明,北祁连中段清水沟-香子沟高压低温变质带中出露的变质岩主要有榴辉岩、蓝片岩、多硅白云母石英片岩、变硅质岩、大理岩和蛇纹岩。地球化学测试结果表明,榴辉岩原岩为大洋中脊玄武岩和洋岛拉斑玄武岩;蓝片岩有两种类型,第1种蓝片岩原岩为基性-中基性火山岩,第2种蓝片岩原岩主要形成环境为大洋岛弧和/或大陆岛弧的沉积岩;多硅白云母石英片岩的原岩主要形成于大陆边缘环境;变硅质岩的原岩为形成于远离大陆边缘的沉积环境中的热水成因硅质岩;大理岩原岩为灰岩。榴辉岩锆石SHRIMP定年结果显示其原岩年龄为500±4 Ma,第1种蓝片岩原岩年龄为529±5 Ma。锆石Lu-Hf同位素表明,榴辉岩原岩明显受到了古老地壳的影响,基性蓝片岩的原岩源区为亏损地幔,后期没有或者极微弱地受到地壳物质的影响。结合已有研究资料,认为北祁连高压/低温变质带中变质岩的原岩类型具有明显的多样性特征,且原岩时代具有多期性特征。上述研究结果表明,古祁连洋在早古生代向北俯冲过程中,携带了不同性质和时代的岩石进入俯冲带深部,形成高压/低温变质条件下的混杂带,代表了早古生代与洋壳俯冲有关的俯冲隧道。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.