共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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致密砂岩气储层具有低孔、低渗的特征,裂缝的存在可以提高储层的渗透率,同时裂缝是油气重要的储存空间和运移通道,裂缝发育也有利于水力压裂过程中裂缝网络的形成,裂缝预测可为致密砂岩气储层的开发和部署提供重要依据.地震振幅随方位角的变化可以提供储层中垂直裂缝的信息,本文针对HTI介质提出了一种改进的方位振幅差异反演方法,并结合岩石物理理论预测表征裂缝性质的裂缝弱度参数.常规的反演方法一般同时反演弹性参数和裂缝参数,改进的方位振幅差异方法引入一个参考方位,构建消除各向同性背景的方位振幅差异道集,仅反演与各向异性项相关的裂缝弱度参数,充分利用方位各向异性响应,提高裂缝识别的敏感性与裂缝参数反演的准确性.实际数据应用表明,方位振幅差异反演方法对裂缝参数预测的敏感性较常规方法有所提高,预测的裂缝弱度与测井渗透率曲线相吻合,并且与致密砂岩气储层产气性具有明显的相关性.因此,利用方位振幅差异方法预测裂缝分布及其发育程度可为致密砂岩储层含气有利区的识别与开发提供可靠的指标. 相似文献
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在页岩油气藏的开发和勘探阶段,需要对储层进行水力压裂改造,形成有利于油气聚集和运移的裂缝.地应力是进行水力压裂改造的重要参数,能够决定裂缝的大小、方向以及分布形态,影响着压裂的增产效果,且最大和最小水平应力差异比（ODHSR,Orthorhombic Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio）是评价储层是否可压裂成网的重要因子.本文探讨了基于地震数据估算地应力的方法,以指导页岩气的水力压裂开发.首先,利用叠前方位地震数据反演得到地层的弹性参数和各向异性参数;其次,基于正交各向异性水平应力差异比近似公式,利用反演得到的弹性参数和各向异性参数估算地层的ODHSR;最后,选取某工区的裂缝型页岩储层的叠前方位地震数据对该方法进行实际应用.实际工区地震数据应用表明,基于叠前方位地震数据反演得到的ODHSR能够有效的识别储层中易于压裂成网的区域. 相似文献
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在交叉偶极子横波各向异性反演中,通常先利用波形反演法得到各向异性目标函数,再采用二维的全局寻优方法来求取地层方位横波各向异性参数,但对于低各向异性地层,存在搜索效率低、低精度解的问题.本文结合Alford旋转法和波形反演法,以两个分别沿着方位轴和各向异性参数轴的一维搜索代替了原有的二维搜索方法,这种一维搜索方法使用布伦特(Brent)算法有效地实现对各向异性参数的求取.使用该方法处理了现场测井数据,我们获得了和原先的二维搜索方法相似的结果.新方法的优点是很大程度上提高了数据处理的效率和稳定性. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
塔中北坡顺南地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩具有良好的勘探开发前景,近期在多个层系钻遇了储层和油气.研究显示该地区裂缝比较发育,并对储层的形成和改造起到了非常关键的作用,但目前针对该区的裂缝预测技术研究成果较少,以叠后属性评价为主.因此,本文从裂缝实际地质特征观察出发,基于叠前地震资料,综合多种方法进行裂缝预测.首先利用叠前构造应力场反演间接评价裂缝的发育密度和方向,基于评价结果对地震叠前数据进行不同方位划分方案的资料处理并对比,使用纵波方位各向异性方法预测储层裂缝发育方向与相对密度.多方法结合的预测结果符合研究区裂缝发育规律并与地质模式相吻合,通过与岩心及成像测井资料对比,验证了该地区使用较窄方位采集的地震数据进行裂缝预测结果的有效性. 相似文献
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针对在套管井中应用正交偶极声测井检测地层各向异性和确定异常构造应力的需要, 本文通过求解水平构造应力作用下套管井的应力场分布,应用声弹性理论说明应力集中对套管井井周弹性波速空间分布的影响,分析了波速空间分布对加套管后的正交偶极各向异性声测量的影响.井孔、套管、水泥环和地层系统的复杂性改变了原裸眼井情况地层中的应力场分布,使应力集中的范围明显缩小到井眼附近.对应不同方位径向偏振横波的交叉点向井孔附近移动.横波波速空间分布的方位极值规律发生变化,但纵波波速空间分布的方位极值规律不变,仍能提供最大远场构造应力施加的方向. 相似文献
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页岩岩石物理建模旨在建立页岩矿物组分、微观结构、流体填充与岩石弹性参数的关系.对四川盆地龙马溪组页岩进行岩石物理建模研究,针对页岩黏土含量高、层间微裂缝发育等特点,利用Backus平均理论描述页岩黏土矿物弹性参数,利用Chapman理论计算与水平微裂缝有关的VTI各向异性,并利用Bond变换考虑地层倾角的影响.提出以黏土矿物纵、横波速度和孔隙纵横比为拟合参数进行岩石物理反演的方法,并引入贝叶斯框架减小反演的多解性.由已知的黏土矿物纵、横波速度和孔隙纵横比作为先验信息,并以测井纵、横波速度作为约束条件建立反演的目标函数,同时利用粒子群算法进行最优化搜索.计算结果表明,基于先验约束和粒子群算法的反演方法能够较准确地反演黏土矿物的弹性参数、孔隙形态参数以及裂缝密度等参数.计算得到的黏土纵、横波速度较高,并且在一定范围内变化,这可能与龙马溪组页岩的黏土矿物组分中具有较高弹性模量的伊利石含量较高有关,同时也与黏土定向排列等微观物性特征有关.反演得到的裂缝密度与纵波各向异性参数ε呈明显的正相关,而与横波各向异性参数γ相关性较小.另外,页岩各向异性参数与黏土垂向的纵横波速度有较强的相关性. 相似文献
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正交各向异性介质P波走时分析及Thomsen参数反演 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
对于包含有垂向裂缝的横向各向同性地层或含有多组正交裂缝的各向同性地层，正交各向异性介质模型是最简单的与实际地层相符的方位各向异性模型.本文对单层水平反射界面正交各向异性模型采用射线追踪法计算了全方位角变化的P波走时，时距曲线表现出强方位各向异性.采用小生境遗传算法，对三条成一定角度的测线的走时信息进行速度和各向异性参数反演.模型算例表明，此方法可以得到高精度的裂缝方位角、P波垂直速度和较高精度的Thomsen各向异性参数. 相似文献
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川东北双庙场构造嘉二段储层综合预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
双庙场构造嘉二段储层以白云岩储层为主;白云岩储层物性较好,主要为裂缝-孔隙型储层,储集空间主要为晶间溶孔、裂缝.文中根据构造应力场理论、地震波频率衰减及裂缝检测理论,运用构造应力场数值模拟分析、裂缝各向异性属性分析、FVO分析、叠前弹性波阻抗反演及衰减属性分析等方法,充分利用现有的地质、钻井、测井资料和叠前、叠后地震数据,对双庙场构造嘉二段储层开展联合预测,搞清了裂缝发育与地层岩性、应力分布以及构造发育之间的关系,明确了裂缝的走向、密度及白云岩有利储层发育部位,预测了有利储层的分布范围.实际资料应用表明,用该套方法识别裂缝-孔隙型储层是有效和可靠的,可以检测出有利的储层发育带. 相似文献
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在含有定向排列裂缝组的多孔岩石地层中,特别是碳酸盐岩储集层,弹性波的传播和衰减,因受诸如裂缝闭合、尺寸、及其填充的流体和走向等因素影响,具有各向异性特征。在本次研究中,我们采用了基于Chapman等效介质模型,利用数值实验方法研究了这类储层中P波传播特性诸如速度、衰减和横波分裂等各向异性随频率和方位的变化规律。模拟结果表明,当一组裂缝闭合与张开时随方位变化的速度、衰减和各向异性是有所不同的。随方位变化衰减最小值或P波速度最大值与张开裂缝的走向趋于一致,闭合裂缝的P波速度大于张开裂缝,而衰减和各向异性则张开裂缝的大于闭合裂缝;不同尺度裂缝,速度的最大值和衰减最小值与裂缝组平均方位对应,小尺度裂缝对波的传播有小的影响,方位依赖的各向异性相比其他裂缝属性有更小的影响;裂缝密度对P波速度、衰减和各向异性有更大的影响,而衰减比速度和各向异性更敏感裂缝尺寸;在地震勘探频段油、气饱和的衰减与盐水饱和不同,充填油和气随方位变化值比较低。两组裂缝有相同的密度,快横波偏振方位线性的决定于一组裂缝的方位。 相似文献
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根据乌海地区构造环境,采用SAM方法研究乌海地区地壳各向异性特征,使用乌海地震台2014年1月至2020年6月数字地震波形进行分析。根据65个有效地震记录,得到乌海地区剪切波分裂参数,其中快剪切波平均优势偏振方向为NE63.1°±46.4°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为（1.13±0.66）ms/km。乌海地震台快剪切波偏振显示出4个优势偏振方向,分别为NE、EW、NNE、NNW向。将得到的各向异性结果与研究区应力场和地质构造进行分析,认为研究区周边复杂的剪切波分裂变化是主压应力场、原地主压应力、断裂带分布共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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Petrophysical measurements were carried out on dry specimens of mica-gneiss, amphibolite and serpentinite from KTB core samples and samples of surface outcrops in order to determine the effect that a deviatoric stress field, as observed at the KTB area, may have on the in-situ rock properties. Simulating the variation of the actual principal stresses and temperature with depth, seismic wave velocities, densities, linear and volumetric strain (porosity) have been measured, taking into account the overall spatial orientation of the foliation at the KTB area with respect to the principal stress axes. Comparison with respective data evaluated for lithostatic pressure conditions revealed that the stress-related (crack-related) effect on wave velocities respectively on velocity anisotropy is in the range 1–3%, due to microcracks which are selectively closed or kept open by the deviatoric stress. The effect of the deviatoric stress is particularly documented by shear wave splitting due to microfractures that are oriented normal to the minimum principal stress axis. 相似文献
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The Shimian area of Sichuan sits at the junction of the Bayan Har block, Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, and Yangtze block, where several faults intersect. This region features intense tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes. In this study, we used local seismic waveform data recorded using dense arrays deployed in the Shimian area to obtain the shear wave splitting parameters at 55 seismic stations and thereby determine the crustal anisotropic characteristics of the region. We then analyzed the crustal stress pattern and tectonic setting and explored their relationship in the study area. Although some stations returned a polarization direction of NNW-SSE, a dominant polarization direction of NW-SE was obtained for the fast shear wave at most seismic stations in the study area. The polarization directions of the fast shear wave were highly consistent throughout the study area. This orientation was in accordance with the direction of the regional principal compressive stress and parallel to the trend of the Xianshuihe and Daliangshan faults. The distribution of crustal anisotropy in this area was affected by the regional tectonic stress field and the fault structures. The mean delay time between fast and slow shear waves was 3.83 ms/km, slightly greater than the values obtained in other regions of Sichuan. This indicates that the crustal media in our study area had a high anisotropic strength and also reveals the influence of tectonic complexity resulting from the intersection of multiple faults on the strength of seismic anisotropy. 相似文献
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We study the propagation of elastic waves that are generated in a fluid‐filled borehole surrounded by a cracked transversely isotropic medium. In the model studied the anisotropy and borehole axes coincide. To obtain the effective elastic moduli of a cracked medium we have applied Hudson's theory that enables the determination of the overall properties as a function of the crack orientation in relation to the symmetry axis of the anisotropic medium. This theory takes into account the hydrodynamic mechanism of the elastic‐wave attenuation caused by fluid filtration from the cracks into a porous matrix. We have simulated the full waveforms generated by an impulse source of finite length placed on the borehole axis. The kinematic and dynamic parameters of the compressional, shear and Stoneley waves as functions of the matrix permeability, crack orientation and porosity were studied. The modelling results demonstrated the influence of the crack‐system parameters (orientation and porosity) on the velocities and amplitudes of all wave types. The horizontally orientated cracks result in maximal decrease of the elastic‐wave parameters (velocities and amplitudes). Based on the fact that the shear‐ and Stoneley‐wave velocities in a transversely isotropic medium are determined by different shear moduli, we demonstrate the feasibility of the acoustic log to identify formations with close to horizontal crack orientations. 相似文献
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本文讨论了2017年8月8日九寨沟MS7.0 （MW6.5）地震之后震源区的地震活动性,并针对震后九寨沟地区架设的4个流动地震台站记录到的地震波形数据进行了剪切波分裂参数的计算,分析了震源区地壳应力场的特征性变化。九寨沟MS7.0地震的地震活动性表现为:8月8日主震后震源区地震活动明显增强,直至8月22日之后才有所下降,余震震级整体也呈降低趋势,震级多集中在MS2.0以下。震源区4个流动台站的剪切波分裂结果表明:快波偏振方向近似为东西向,揭示了九寨沟地区的区域应力场方向为近似东西向;区域内慢波延迟时间的平均值为5.04 ms/km,慢波延迟时间在九寨沟MS7.0地震之后降低,反映了随着余震的发生,地壳应力不断调整,应力持续释放,直至8月底地壳应力场逐渐趋于稳定状态。 相似文献
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Shear wave splitting is a well-known method for indication of orientation, radius, and length of fractures in subsurface layers. In this paper, a three component near offset VSP data acquired from a fractured sandstone reservoir in southern part of Iran was used to analyse shear wave splitting and frequency-dependent anisotropy assessment. Polarization angle obtained by performing rotation on radial and transverse components of VSP data was used to determine the direction of polarization of fast shear wave which corresponds to direction of fractures. It was shown that correct implementation of shear wave splitting analysis can be used for determination of fracture direction. During frequencydependent anisotropy analysis, it was found that the time delays in shearwaves decrease as the frequency increases. It was clearly demonstrated throughout this study that anisotropy may have an inverse relationship with frequency. The analysis presented in this paper complements the studied conducted by other researchers in this field of research. 相似文献
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Colin M. Sayers 《Geophysical Prospecting》2002,50(4):393-401
Azimuthal anisotropy in rocks can result from the presence of one or more sets of partially aligned fractures with orientations determined by the stress history of the rock. A shear wave propagating in an azimuthally anisotropic medium splits into two components with different polarizations if the source polarization is not aligned with the principal axes of the medium. For vertical propagation of shear waves in a horizontally layered medium containing vertical fractures, the shear‐wave splitting depends on the shear compliance of the fractures, but is independent of their normal compliance. If the fractures are not perfectly vertical, the shear‐wave splitting also depends on the normal compliance of the fractures. The normal compliance of a fluid‐filled fracture decreases with increasing fluid bulk modulus. For dipping fractures, this results in a decrease in shear‐wave splitting and an increase in shear‐wave velocity with increasing fluid bulk modulus. The sensitivity of the shear‐wave splitting to fluid bulk modulus depends on the interconnectivity of the fracture network, the permeability of the background medium and on whether the fracture is fully or partially saturated. 相似文献
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裂缝诱导HTI双孔隙介质模型是将一组垂直排列的裂缝系统嵌入到统计各向同性的孔隙岩石基质系统中而建立的.为了研究裂缝参数对地震波在该模型中传播规律的影响,本文分别对裂缝弱度、裂缝孔隙度和裂缝渗透率这三个主要的裂缝参数进行了分析研究.数值结果表明,裂缝诱导HTI双孔隙介质中,裂缝弱度越大,介质的各向异性强度越强;与基质孔隙系统相比,裂缝系统孔隙度对介质等效孔隙度的影响很小,而裂缝系统渗透率的增大则将显著提高介质在裂缝发育方向上的等效渗透率,这符合对裂缝系统"低孔"、"高渗"特性的认识.此外,裂缝系统渗透率的增大也使慢纵波的振幅显著增强. 相似文献